Prog Design Plan & Eval - Module 1 Project Prep (1)
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Nikkia A Bates Southern New Hampshire University IHP-670-Q2487 Program Design Plan & Eval
Prof. Cynthia Vanek December 8, 2023
Health or Healthcare Issue
A healthcare issue that needs to be addressed in the United States would be substance abuse more specifically opioid abuse. According to the National Center for Drug Abuse Statistics
as of 2020, 37,309 million Americans aged 12 years and older were illegal drug users (NCDAS, 2020). That said, 3.4% of Americans aged 12 years and older misuse opioids at least once over a 12-month period (NCDAS, 2020). In 2021, more than 106,000 Americans died from drug related
overdoses which included illicit drugs and prescription opioids (National Institue on Drug Abuse, 2023). Opioid abuse is not a new healthcare issue amongst American’s, the epidemic can be traced back to the 1999’s. According to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention, the first wave of the epidemic began in the 1990’s which involves overdose mortalities caused by prescription opioids such as natural and semi-synthetic opioids and methadone. The second wave
began in 2010 which also involved an increase in overdose mortalities caused by heroin abuse (CDC, 2023). The third wave began in 2013 which had a significant increase in overdose mortalities caused by synthetic opioids more specifically fentanyl (CDC, 2023). Location and Target Population
Cabell County, West Virgina, currently has the highest number of mortalities caused by overdoses amongst other states within the United States. According to research in 2017, 20% of overdoses were in Cabell County (1,831 people overdosed) and 152 overdoses were fatal within the county (American Health-Johns Hopkins, n.d.).
The primary populations affected by overdose deaths and opioid abuse are normally minority groups, individuals without health insurance, incarcerated individuals, and those living in poverty (HHS.gov, n.d.). The secondary population affected by this epidemic would be
researchers, medical providers, and policy makers who study and implement plans/programs to mitigate the opioid crisis. A key characteristic that should be considered when designing a program to mitigate the opioid crisis would be the fact that drug abuse and substance disorders are more likely to affect the younger male population; 22% of males compared to 17% of females participated in the abuse of prescription opioid use (NCDAS, 2020). Another key characteristic that should be considered is the area where individuals reside; 5% of individuals in the non-metropolitan and rural counties abused opioids compared to 20.2% of individuals in larger metropolitan areas (NCDAS, 2020). Lastly, age should be considered while conducting this health program. Opioid use is the highest amongst individuals between the ages of 18-25 ranked at 39% compared to individuals between the ages of 26-29 ranked at 34% (NCDAS, 2020). That said, criteria for this program will include the individual's gender, age, and location of where they reside due to the statistics provided with the opioid crisis. Program Goal
The overall goal of the health program would be to mitigate the opioid epidemic by decreasing the total number of deaths caused by opioid misuse. The health program will also provide resources, assistance, and solutions for the populations and communities affected by opioid misuse. Measurable outcomes that would assist in evaluating the progression toward the goal would be daily community meetings that not only provide awareness of the epidemic but also survey the number of individuals still involved in opioid misuse. The biggest challenge I foresee in attaining goals and outcomes would be drug relapse amongst the individuals who are trying to get clean from opioid misuse. Studies show that 40-60% of individuals relapse within 30 days of
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trying to get clean and 85% relapse within their first year of soborerity (Sternlicht & Sternlicht, n.d.). Health or Healthcare Disparities
Health disparities that exist within the West Virginian population include mentally unhealthy days and depression prevalence. “The average adult in West Virigina reports feeling mentally unstable 31% more than the average Amercian” (ARC.gov, 2020). Prevalence of depression amongst fee-for-service Medicare beneficiaries in West Virginia is 18.5%, compared to 15.4% of the country (ARC.gov, 2020). An individual's home life, work, and lifestyle can play
a huge role in these health disparities. For example, research shows that areas with greater income inequality have a greater rate of deaths by overdose (CDC, 2022). Considering and incorporating the health disparities when conducting the health program will provide the individuals who are planning an insight into probable causes as to why the population turns to opioid use to begin with. Healthcare or Community Service Organization
When conducting and implementing the healthcare program, healthcare and community services organizations should be involved in addressing the healthcare issue. The governor of West Virigina alongside the Office of Drug Control Policy has implemented a program to assist with securing meaningful employment in wake of the opioid crisis. Jobs and Hope West Virginia
offers support though a statewide collaboration of agencies that provide residents with the opportunity to obtain career training and employment (Office of Drug Control Policy, 2023). Although this may not provide financial resources, I will be able to work hand and hand with this
already implemented program to get residents employed once the substance abuse disorder is addressed. Due to the program being a long-term standing resource, they will be able to provide
and assist with any additional resources addressed in mitigation of the opioid crisis. The program
will also assist in providing more insight into solutions on community outreach, seeing how they may be more familiar with the community at hand. References Appalachian Virginia Key Findings Health Disparities. (2020). https://www.arc.gov/wp-
content/uploads/2020/07/VAHealthDisparitiesKeyFindings8-17.pdf
Assistant Secretary for Public Affairs (ASPA). (2022, November 30). Together we can save lives
. Overdose Prevention Strategy. https://www.hhs.gov/overdose-prevention/#:~:text=People%20without%20health
%20insurance%2C%20or,risk%20of%20fatal%20opioid%20overdose
. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2022, July 19). Drug overdose deaths rise, Disparities Widen
. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/vitalsigns/overdose-death-disparities/index.html#:~:text=In
%20counties%20with%20more%20income,less%20income%20inequality%20in
%202020.&text=Overdose%20death%20rates%20in%20older,older%20White%20men
%20in%202020
. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2023, August 8). Understanding the opioid overdose epidemic
. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/opioids/basics/epidemic.html#:~:text=The%20first%20wave
%20began%20with,overdose%20deaths%20involving%20heroin4
. Press, A. (2017, March 7). Overdose deaths continue to rise in State
. West Virginia Public Broadcasting. https://wvpublic.org/overdose-deaths-continue-to-rise-in-state/
Programs. (n.d.). https://dhhr.wv.gov/office-of-drug-control-policy/programs/Pages/default.aspx
Rural communities in crisis
. Bloomberg American Health Initiative. (n.d.). https://americanhealth.jhu.edu/RuralOpioidsCount
Substance abuse and addiction statistics [2023]
. NCDAS. (2023, January 1). https://drugabusestatistics.org/#:~:text=Substance%20Abuse
%20Statistics&text=138.543%20million%20or%2050.0%25%20of,have%20an
%20alcohol%20use%20disorder
. Top 10 most common health issues
. University of Rochester Medical Center. (n.d.). https://www.urmc.rochester.edu/senior-health/common-issues/top-
ten.aspx#substanceabuse
Top 10 US states with drug overdose deaths
. American Addiction Centers. (2023, April 13). https://americanaddictioncenters.org/overdose/top-10-us-states
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (2023, September 25). Drug overdose death rates
. National Institutes of Health. https://nida.nih.gov/research-topics/trends-statistics/overdose-death-rates
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