Vargas Charry, Carlos (1009740826) _ Assignment 2

Name: Carlos Andres Vargas Charry Student ID: 1009740826 Course: CIV1508 Airport Planning & Engineering Professor: Naren Doshi ASSIGNMENT # 2 - AIRSIDE Problems: Based on this information answer the following questions for the company: 1. Using the wind rose provided by the company’s resident meteorologist: (a) Determine the optimum runway orientation based on the wind pattern. With the help of AutoCAD, Excel, and the Wind Rose Diagram, we found the following optimum runway orientation: With this calculation, it is shown that the runway orientation most effective would be the one from ENE- WSW, because it covers 100% of the wind activity. 4-15 mi/hr 15-20 mi/hr 20-25 mi/hr 25-35mi/hr N 2.4 0.4 0.1 0 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.9 NNE 3 1.2 1 0.5 5.7 5.7 5.7 5.7 5.2 5.2 5.2 5.7 NE 5.3 1.6 1 0.4 8.3 8.3 8.3 8.3 8.3 7.9 7.9 7.9 ENE 6.8 3.1 1.7 0.1 11.6 11.7 11.7 11.7 11.7 11.7 11.6 11.6 E 7.1 2.3 1.9 0.2 11.3 11.3 11.5 11.5 11.5 11.5 11.5 11.3 ESE 6.4 3.5 1.9 0.1 11.8 11.8 11.8 11.9 11.9 11.9 11.9 11.9 SE 5.8 1.9 1.1 0 8.8 8.8 8.8 8.8 8.8 8.8 8.8 8.8 SSE 3.8 1 0.1 0 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 S 1.8 0.4 0.1 0 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 SSW 1.7 0.8 0.4 0.3 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 2.9 2.9 2.9 3.2 SW 1.5 0.6 0.2 0 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 WSW 2.7 0.4 0.1 0 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 W 4.9 0.4 0.1 0 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 WNW 3.8 0.6 0.2 0 4.6 4.6 4.6 4.6 4.6 4.6 4.6 4.6 NW 1.7 0.6 0.2 0 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 NNW 1.7 0.9 0.1 0 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 91.5 91.6 91.8 91.9 91.1 90.7 90.6 91.2 CALM 8.1 99.6 99.7 99.9 100 99.2 98.8 98.7 99.3 23 mi/hr SSE-NNW SE-NW ESE-WNW E-W ENE-WSW NE-SW NNE-SSW N-S

Name: Carlos Andres Vargas Charry Student ID: 1009740826 Course: CIV1508 Airport Planning & Engineering Professor: Naren Doshi (b) Even though the Boeing 737-400 can accommodate crosswinds up to a 20 knots/hour (23 mi/hr.) the Company wishes to preserve flexibility for future airport development by designing the runway system so as to be able to accommodate aircraft with a maximum crosswind capability of only 13 Knots/hour (15 mi/hr.) Would a secondary (crosswind) runway be required to ensure 95% usability given your orientation in (a) and this more restrictive crosswind requirement? In this case, the Runway orientation (ENE-WSW) for crosswind speeds of 23 mi/hr could be used for crosswind speeds of 15 mi/hr, satisfying a percentage greater than or equal to 95%. It should be noted that this would not be the optimal runway for crosswind speeds of 15 mi/hr, the optimum runway for this case would be E-W with a coverage of 96.2%. 4-15 mi/hr 15-20 mi/hr 20-25 mi/hr 25-35mi/hr N 2.4 0.4 0.1 0 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.8 2.4 2.8 2.9 2.9 NNE 3 1.2 1 0.5 5.7 5.7 5.7 5.2 4.2 3 4.2 5.2 NE 5.3 1.6 1 0.4 7.9 8.3 8.3 8.3 7.9 6.9 5.3 6.9 ENE 6.8 3.1 1.7 0.1 9.9 11.6 11.7 11.7 11.7 11.6 9.9 6.8 E 7.1 2.3 1.9 0.2 7.1 9.4 11.3 11.5 11.5 11.5 11.3 9.4 ESE 6.4 3.5 1.9 0.1 9.9 6.4 9.9 11.8 11.9 11.9 11.9 11.8 SE 5.8 1.9 1.1 0 8.8 7.7 5.8 7.7 8.8 8.8 8.8 8.8 SSE 3.8 1 0.1 0 4.9 4.9 4.8 3.8 4.8 4.9 4.9 4.9 S 1.8 0.4 0.1 0 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.2 1.8 2.2 2.3 2.3 SSW 1.7 0.8 0.4 0.3 3.2 3.2 3.2 2.9 2.5 1.7 2.5 2.9 SW 1.5 0.6 0.2 0 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.1 1.5 2.1 WSW 2.7 0.4 0.1 0 3.1 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.1 2.7 W 4.9 0.4 0.1 0 4.9 5.3 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.3 WNW 3.8 0.6 0.2 0 4.4 3.8 4.4 4.6 4.6 4.6 4.6 4.6 NW 1.7 0.6 0.2 0 2.5 2.3 1.7 2.3 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 NNW 1.7 0.9 0.1 0 2.7 2.7 2.6 1.7 2.6 2.7 2.7 2.7 82.5 82 85.5 87.4 88.1 85.8 83.8 81.8 CALM 8.1 90.6 90.1 93.6 95.5 96.2 93.9 91.9 89.9 NNE-SSW N-S 15 mi/hr SSE-NNW SE-NW ESE-WNW E-W ENE-WSW NE-SW

Name: Carlos Andres Vargas Charry Student ID: 1009740826 Course: CIV1508 Airport Planning & Engineering Professor: Naren Doshi 3. Assume that the company will be topping up the aircraft with spare parts and other freight should there be capacity remaining after all the miners and their baggage are loaded. This means that the maximum allowable weight will be transported on each trip in and out of the mine. Then using the Boeing 737 - 400 Airport Planning Manual: (a) Estimate the minimum reference take-off runway length if the engines are rated at 22,000 lbs thrust. Remember the aircraft is not equipped with any auxiliary fuel tanks. Hint: Ignore the impact of elevation grade and temperature in answering this question (i.e., assume sea level, 0% grade and standard day temperature). OPERATIONAL TAKEOFF WEIGHT 142500 lb 64637 kg TAKEOFF RUNWAY LENGTH 2400 ft 732 ms

Name: Carlos Andres Vargas Charry Student ID: 1009740826 Course: CIV1508 Airport Planning & Engineering Professor: Naren Doshi (b) Estimate the minimum reference runway landing length assuming wet runway conditions and the most conservative flap setting (i.e., assume the flap setting that results in the longest runway). The landing runway length is 1790 ft (546 meters). OPERATIONAL LANDING WEIGHT 121000 lb 54885 kg FLAPS 40 1500 ft 458 ms FLAPS 30 1590 ft 485 ms FLAPS 15 1790 ft 546 ms LANDING RUNWAY LENGTH 1790 ft 546 ms

Name: Carlos Andres Vargas Charry Student ID: 1009740826 Course: CIV1508 Airport Planning & Engineering Professor: Naren Doshi (c) Explain why the engine thrust setting is a factor in determining the take-off length but not a factor in determining the landing length. Engine power adjustment is an important factor in determining takeoff distance as it affects the acceleration and climb performance of the aircraft. Higher power settings result in shorter takeoff distances. In contrast, engine power adjustment is not a major factor in determining landing distance. During landing, the aircraft is already in descent, and the main factors influencing landing distance include aircraft weight, approach speed, runway length, wind conditions, and ground condition. Adjusting engine power is not the primary means of deceleration during landing, as other methods, such as thrust reversers and wheel brakes, are more important. (d) How much can the reference field length (i.e., length at sea level on a standard day) be reduced if the company were willing to fly with only half (50%) of the allowable payload? The reference field can be reduced by 900 ft (275 meters), almost 40% (37.5%). OPERATIONAL TAKEOFF WEIGHT (50% PAYLOAD) 124099 lb 56290 kg TAKEOFF RUNWAY LENGTH 1500 ft 458 ms

Name: Carlos Andres Vargas Charry Student ID: 1009740826 Course: CIV1508 Airport Planning & Engineering Professor: Naren Doshi 4. Based on the reference field lengths determined in question #3 above and the rule of thumb adjustments for runway length (i.e., adjusting for altitude, temperature and grade) in this case assuming a runway elevation of 1200 meters, an airfield reference temperature of 27 degrees C and a 1.25% grade calculate: (a) The adjusted minimum runway take-off length. (b) The adjusted minimum runway landing length. (c) Based on the above determinations in 4(a) and 4(b) what would be your recommendation for the design runway length and why? My recommendation for the design runway length would be 3700 ft (1126 meters) plus clearway distance (Assumed as Take-Off – Landing) of 935 ft (285 meters), for a total distance of 4635 ft (1411 meters). 5. Determine (using TP 312 5th edition) Takeoff Runway Length 732 mts Elevation 1200 mts Parameter % for each 300 m of elevation 7% % Correction for Elevation 205 mts New Takeoff Runway Length 937 mts Temperature 27 Celcius Standar Temperature 15 Celcius At elevation (-1.981 each 300 m) 7.08 Celcius Exceeds temperature 19.92 Celcius Parameter % for each celcius degree 1% % Correction for Temperature 187 mts New Takeoff Runway Length 1124 mts Grade 1.25% % Parameter % for each 1% grade 10% % Correction for Slope 1.41 mts Adjusted Minimum Runway Take-off Length 1126 mts Landing Runway Length 546 mts Elevation 1200 mts Parameter % for each 300 m of elevation 7% % Correction for Elevation 153 mts New Landing Runway Length 699 mts Temperature 27 Celcius Standar Temperature 15 Celcius At elevation (-1.981 each 300 m) 7.08 Celcius Exceeds temperature 19.92 Celcius Parameter % for each celcius degree 1% % Correction for Temperature 139 mts New Landing Runway Length 839 mts Grade 1.25% % Parameter % for each 1% grade 10% % Correction for Slope 1.05 mts Adjusted Minimum Runway Landing Length 841 mts

Name: Carlos Andres Vargas Charry Student ID: 1009740826 Course: CIV1508 Airport Planning & Engineering Professor: Naren Doshi 6. Estimate the hourly capacity of this single runway if the airport is eventually expected to have 5% heavy aircraft, 30% medium aircraft and 65% light aircraft ultimately serving the site. Assume 50% take-offs and 50% landings. What would be the hourly passenger capacity if the average capacity of heavy aircraft is 200 passengers/aircraft, medium aircraft 100 passengers/aircraft and small aircraft 5 passengers/aircraft. Aircraft speeds are heavy = 140 miles/hr., Medium = 120 miles/hr., Small = 100 miles/hr. Minimum separation distances is 3 miles for all combinations except a heavy followed by a heavy or a medium followed by a small where the separation is 4 miles, a heavy followed by a medium where the separation is 5 miles, a heavy followed by a small where the separation is 6 miles. The length of the final approach path is 5 miles. A 5 second buffer is also to be included in the calculation. REFERENCES: • CIV 1508 Airport Planning and Design Course Material • TP 312 5 th Edition Aircraft Mix Speed (miles/hr) Average Pass Time Use Runway Seconds Heavy 5% 140 200 0.0357 128.57 Medium 30% 120 100 0.0417 150 Small 65% 100 5 0.0500 180 H M S H 4 5 6 M 3 3 4 S 3 3 3 Separation (in miles) H M S H 129 171 267 M 150 150 174 S 180 180 180 Time (Seconds) H M S H 134 176 272 M 155 155 179 S 185 185 185 Time (Seconds) + 5 seconds buffer H M S H 0.25% 1.50% 3.25% M 1.50% 9.00% 19.50% S 3.25% 19.50% 42.25% Probabilities E 184 Seconds Capacity 20 Aircrafts/hr Aircraft Each Hr Pass/hr Heavy 1 200 Medium 6 600 Small 13 65 865 Total Passengers