Annotated Bibliography

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1 Stiening Erica Stiening M. Ed. Kuzuhara ENGL 215 / Annotated Bibliography 19 March 2024 Annotated Bibliography Buchbinder, Mara. “Access to Aid-in-Dying in the United States: Shifting the Debate From Rights to Justice.” American journal of public health vol. 108,6 (2018): 754-759. doi: 10.2015/AJPH.2018.304352 “Access to Aid-in-Dying in the United States: Shifting the Debate From Rights to Justice” is written by Mara Buchbinder PhD, published in American Journal of Public Health . Buchbinder looks at the obstacles that someone may face when trying to get medical aid in dying, inequalities within medical care, and discusses switching the mindset from rights to justice. Mara identifies that there are four main barriers: “safeguards, cost of medication, access to physicians, and access to information” (Buchbinder). Buchbinder states “Understanding how different types of access barriers affect patients seeking AID is critical for developing a broader framework for justice in assisted dying” (Buchbinder). This article is very informative, and the author Mara Buchbinder, PhD, is credible. “Access to Aid-in-Dying in the United States: Shifting the Debate From Rights to Justice” does not seem to have any biases or fallacies. This source may be used to explain why there are stigmas surrounding medical aid in dying. Dugdale, Lydia S et al. “Pros and Cons of Physician Aid in Dying.” The Yale journal of biology and medicine vol. 92,4 747-750. 20 Dec. 2019

2 Stiening “Pros and Cons of Physician Aid in Dying” is written by Lydia S. Dugdale, Barron H. Lerner, and Daniel Callahan, published in Yale Journal of biology and medicine. The authors do not conform to either side of the argument. The article gives a summary of legalization in the United States, three main supporting arguments, and three main arguments in opposition of aid in dying. The authors cover the controversial topic of medical aid by covering both sides of the argument. “Strong arguments remain both in favor and in opposition to the practice, and physicians have an ethical responsibility to remain informed on this timely issue” (Dugdale). “Pros and Cons of Physician Aid in Dying” does not have biases, and provides readers with both sides of the argument, so that they may make their own decision without influence from only one side. There are no suspected fallacies with this article. This could be used support the negative issues surrounding medical aid in dying. Haberman, Clyde. “Stigma around Physician-Assisted Dying Lingers.” The New York Times, The New York Times, 23 Mar. 2015, www.nytimes.com/2015/03/23/us/stigma-around- physician-assisted-dying-lingers.html. “Stigma Around Physician-Assisted Dying Lingers” was published in The New York Times, and written by Clyde Haberman. This retro report starts off with the quote, “I have only slipped away to the next room. Nothing has happened. Everything remains exactly as it was” (Haberman), which grabs readers attention. The author discusses the states that currently allow for aid in dying, a very brief history of aid in dying and how it has come into public eye, and the process to receive aid. “Stigma Around Physician-Assisted Dying Lingers” may have some bias, as it focuses on the need for medical aid in dying to become legal. The report does cover some of the cons for aid in dying, but then switches as to why those are not relevant. The author uses pathos to connect with

3 Stiening readers to gain credibility. This report may be used for backing up the statement that a stigma still exists when talking about medical aid in dying. Kusmaul, Nancy, et al. “A Policy Mapping Analysis of the U.S. Congressional Approach to Medical Aid-in-Dying.” Omega , Sept. 2021, p. 302228211043694. EBSCOhost , https://doi.org/10.1177/00302228211043694. In the journal article “A Policy Mapping Analysis of the U.S. Congressional Approach to Medical Aid-in-Dying” the authors look at legislation from the timeframe of 1994 to 2000 related to medical aid in dying (MAID). The authors discuss when access to MAID first began in Oregon, and the states that followed in their footsteps. “Just over a year later, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled in the opposite direction, with a decision stating that the state governments could decide on their own whether or not to ban doctor-assisted suicide” (Kusmaul 3). When evaluating the policies, they discover a difference of opinions from the state and federal levels. “If the federal government maintains its current perspective, conflict may arise due to differences between federal and state laws” (Kusmaul 13). Lastly, this article examines the lack of equal access of medical aid in dying to patients. This article does not have any biases or fallacies, as it analyzes medical aid in dying legislation. This article might be used to support the argument that all patients eligible for MAID under current requirements should have access in all states. Luterman, Sara. “The Right to Live.” Nation , vol. 316, no. 12, June 2023, pp. 28–33. EBSCOhost , research.ebsco.com/linkprocessor/plink?id=fda2803d-efba-31fa- a19c-c1bc7dd6dc82. “The Right to Live” is written by Sara Luterman and published in Nation . “The Right to Live” looks at the medical aid in dying and the argument on whether Americans can make this choice

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4 Stiening freely. Luterman examines the argument that “we live in a society where disabled lives are devalued” (Luterman). The article looks at specific medical cases where someone was wanting access to medical aid in dying and that society’s approval was “well, of course she wants to die. Look at her condition. She’s in a wheelchair” (Luterman). The article really takes focus on the idea that people may be pushed into aid in dying and that there should not be access for anyone. “Right to Live” does have biases. This article goes strictly in opposition of medical aid in dying and tries to convince readers to take the same stance. Luterman uses pathos in attempt to get readers to take a stance against medical aid in dying. Sara’s article might be used to explain one reason there is a stigma around medical aid in dying, by explaining the dangers MAID has for those that are disabled. “Right to Die.” Issues & Controversies, Infobase, 17 Sept. 2019, icof.infobase.com/articles/QXJ0aWNsZVRleHQ6MTYyNzM=. Accessed 2 Sept. 2023. The article “Right to Die” examines supporters’ and opponents’ arguments regarding medical aid in dying. This article looks at when MAID began getting attention the debates at the state level. “Voters rejected the measure by a slim margin of 51 percent to 49 percent” (“Right to Die” 7). This article goes on to explain that those in support of MAID argue that “the only wrong is being denied the ability to make your own choice” (“Right to Die” 9), and that those who are terminally ill should be able to make the decision to die instead of suffering until they pass. On the flip side “opponents of physician-assisted suicide for terminally ill patients argue that, when legalized, the practice little more than state sanctioned killing” (“Right to Die” 10). At the conclusion of the article there is discussion for the future of MAID. “Right to Die” does not have biases. The article examines the support and opposition of MAID, while also looking at what the future may look like for the movement as it has become more public and does not try to persuade

5 Stiening the reader one way or another. This article could help answer the question, does everyone have the right to die? Singer, Jonathan, et al. “Examining Public Stigma and Expectations of Grief Following Medical Aid and Dying in the US: A Vignette-Based Experiment.” Palliative & Supportive Care , vol. 21, no. 2, 2023, pp. 270–276., doi:10.1017/S1478951522000852. “Examining Public Stigma and Expectations of Grief Following Medical Aid and Dying in the US: A Vignette-Based Experiment” is written by Jonathan Singer PhD, Lauren J Breen PhD, and Elizabeth T Loggers M.D., PhD. This article looks at the stigmas one may experience while grieving someone who utilized medical aid in dying. The article states “MAID is legal in 11 states, representing 72 million people (or 22% of the US population” (Singer), and discusses the divided opinion on medical aid in dying. The authors state that they were doing their study similarly to Philippkowski (Singer). They looked at the following stigmas, “emotional reactions scale, social distance scale, and expectations of grief symptomatology scale” (Singer). “Examining Public Stigma and Expectations of Grief Following Medical Aid and Dying in the US: A Vignette-Based Experiment” does not have any suspected biases or fallacies. The authors do not sway to one side or another regarding the stigmas that exist around grieving someone who used medical aid in dying. This article may be used to explain why there are stigmas around MAID. Treem, Jonathan. “Medical Aid in Dying: Ethical and Practical Issues.” Journal of the advanced practitioner in oncology vol. 14,3 (2023): 207-211. doi:10.6004/jadpro.2023.14.3.5 “Medical Aid in Dying: Ethical and Practical Issues” is written by Jonathan Treem and published in Journal of the Advanced Practitioner in Oncology . Jonathan Treem is a MD of the University of Colorado Palliative Care. Treem defines medical aid in dying, the history of MAID, and

6 Stiening differences between states. This article looks at the process broken down into patient requirements, the prescription, and law controversy. Treem also explains the differences between medical aid in dying and assisted suicide. This article is used to inform readers about medical aid in dying and the issues that go along with it. This article does not have any biases, nor does it have any fallacies. The author is a Doctor of Medicine (MD) and is a credible source. Johnathan Treem uses logos. One may use this article to explain the argument for the issues or problems that are currently associated with medical aid in dying.

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