Final Test_ENSC 1000-1

ENSC 1000 Introduction to Sustainable Planet Fall 2023 Final Exam NAME: _________________________________ Total Points: 100 SCORE: _________________________________ I. TRUE or FALSE (2 points for each question) Subtotal 40 points 1. Major Greenhouse gases include water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxides among others. [ T or F ] 2. Our atmosphere's most recent carbon dioxide (CO2) level is above 420 ppm. That means carbon dioxide is the 4 th abundant gas in our planet after nitrogen gas, oxygen gas, and Argon gas. [ ] 3. Methane gas is released from periglacial environments during the thawing process of organic material. Another primary source of methane gas is animal farming. [ ] 4. According to the reports from the IPCC, the ocean is warming, especially the deeper portions of the oceans. [ ] 5. Global warming moves plant and insect phenology earlier. [ ] 6. Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs) help increase food/crop productivity. [ ] 7. The animal used most for human consumption worldwide is chicken. [ ] 8. An urban or rural community that lacks adequate access to fresh, healthy, and affordable food is called a “food desert”. [ ] 9. The house shown here is an example of ‘passive solar design’. [ ] 10. Decomposition (i.e. breakdown) of plastics can reach over 100 years. [ ] 11. Micro and nanoplastic materials have been found in human blood. [ ] 12. Warm air can hold less moisture (i.e. less water). [ ] 13. One of the unique strengths of LEED (i.e. a reason for the LEED program to be successful) was its ‘flexibility’ in building designs and different types of constructions. [ ]

14. ‘Brownfield’ development is a process of redeveloping complex sites to develop because previous owners or users may have contaminated them. [ ] 15. The Energy Star program was started by the U.S. EPA in 1992 in order to encourage consumers to use less energy. [ ] 16. ‘Sick Building Syndrome’ that can be caused by poor indoor settings (shown below) is strongly associated with air quality. [ ] 17. One of the reasons why the ‘fly ash’ pond spill becomes a concern is because it has high levels of heavy metals such as arsenic, lead, hexavalent chromium, and thallium. [ ] 18. Formaldehyde (shown below) is commonly found in mobile and conventional homes (pressed wood products) which can damage neurological systems. [ ] 19. London smog usually carries a gray color from burning coal. [ ] 20. The definition of ‘nanomaterial’ is a material with a size in any one dimension less than 100 nanometers. [ ] II. SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS (2 points for each question) Subtotal 20 points 1. Regarding ‘microplastics’, 1) Define the ‘microplastics’, 2) their sources, and 3) why we are concerned. 2. Phenology is the study of the ‘timing’ of the life cycle events in plants and animals. Explain what would or may happen to the ‘arrival time’ of migratory birds and its impact on laying egg timeline and egg hatching time. 3. In ‘conducting greenhouse gas inventories’, one of the steps proposed is ‘setting boundaries’. Explain what ‘setting boundaries’ means. 4. Define ‘GMOs’ that were covered in the class. Give also two main reasons why/how using GMOs has helped us.

10. Ozone (O3) is a harmful gas if inhaled. Using the figure below, explain how ozone is produced and in what sequence. You can use the names of other gases presented. III. MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS (2 points for each question)_Subtotal 40 points 1. Which of the following is NOT one of the 6 steps that was not recommended for conducting greenhouse gas inventories? [ ] a. Setting boundaries b. Choosing to define scope c. Engaging stakeholders d. Choosing a qualitative approach 2. Which of the following is NOT one of the GMOs that we commonly see in the markets? [ ] a. Tuna b. Wheat c. Rice d. Sweet corn 3. The type of meats consumed the least globally is [ ] a. Chickens b. Goats c. Pigs d. Cattles

4. Which of the following grains has the highest production level worldwide? [ ] a. Wheat b. Rice c. Corn d. Potato 5. Which of the following is NOT a correct statement about the Food Desert in the U.S.A.? [ ] a. 25-30 million living in the condition b. 2.1 million households do not own a vehicle for groceries c. 80% of the total US rural citizens live in the condition d. 35% of low-food accounts rural citizens are also low-income. 6. Sustainability can be described with three major components. Which of the following is not one of them? Answer________ a. Economics: the reality or livelihoods b. Equity: fairness in decision-making c. Equality: distribution as a final award d. Environment: target we are working on 7. Which of the following is not the consequence of the Industrial Revolution we had during the 19 th century? ____________ a. Migration to industrial centers b. Europe and North America as a starting point c. Urbanization d. Nuclear conflict 8. Which person on the list helped start the Sierra Club in 1892 and open the 1 st National Park (Yellowstone) in the U.S.? __________ a. Henry Thoreau b. John Muir c. Hudson River d. Rachel Carson 9. Which one introduced the concept of ‘Land Ethic: human society needs to understand the components of nature: things such as water, soil, air, and organisms in order to grasp how it works fully’? ___________ a. Muir b. Pinchot c. T. Roosevelt d. A. Leopold 10. What intrigued Rachel Carson and helped her write the book, ‘Silent Spring’? ________ a. Bad odor in a forest b. No bird songs heard c. No deer in a forest

17. In class, we learned about the danger of some indoor air pollutants. One group of chemicals generated during cooking process or cigarette smoking (shown below) was reviewed. What is the chemical’s name (group name)? a. PolyVinyl Chloride (PVC) b. Polyethylene c. Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) d. DDT 18. Which of the followings is NOT one of the five ‘Regulated Primary Pollutants’? a. Carbon monoxide b. PM10 c. NMHCs d. Lead 19. Which of the followings is NOT related to the effort of maintaining a sustainability? a. Water conservation b. Renewable energy c. Burning old trees for new ones to grow d. Drive less 20. Which route of exposure is the least likely the way how we are exposed to microplastics? a. Inhalation b. Ingestion c. Dermal contact d. Surgical intervention