w09eng150_document_summaryANDcomprehensionWorksheet
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Dec 6, 2023
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ENG 150
Summary Writing Worksheet
PART 1:
IMRAD Structure
Complete the following tasks for the Rational Snacking article.
Introduction
“The study demonstrates children also use their rational decision-
making abilities in a domain of behavioral inhibition: a sustained
delay-of-gratification task.”
“When asked to resist the temptation of an immediately available
low-value reward to obtain one of high-value after a temporal
delay, 75% of children failed to do so, succumbing to their desire
after an average of 5.72 min. The cause of these apparent
failures of rationality, however, is not fully understood. While
children’s failures to wait are likely the result of a combination of
many genetic and environmental variables, two potentially
important factors are self-control capacity and established
beliefs.”
Methods
Participant: Twenty-eight caretakers volunteered their children
(ages 3;6 – 5;10) for the study.
Art project task: For choice 1 the child could either use worn-out
crayons or hold off until fresh art supplies arrive. Choice 2 offered
the youngster the option of using one modest sticker or delaying
the usage of a new set of superior stickers.
Marshmallow task: You can eat this one marshmallow right now.
Or—if you can wait for me to go get more marshmallows from the
other room—you can have two marshmallows to eat instead.
Results
•
Children in the unreliable condition waited without eating
for a mean duration of 3 min and 2 s (M=181.57s).
•
Children in the reliable condition waited 12 min and 2 s
(M=722.43s)
•
Thus, children in the unreliable condition waited
significantly less than those in the reliable condition.
ENG 150
Summary Writing Worksheet
Analysis
“The study indicates that young children’s performance on
sustained delay-of gratification tasks can be strongly influenced
by rational decision-making processes.”
Discussion
“If self-control capacity differences were the primary causal
mechanism implicated in children’s wait-times, then information
about the reliability of the environment should not have affected
them. If deficiencies in self-control caused children to eat treats
early, then one would expect such deficiencies to be present in
the reliable condition as well as in the unreliable condition. The
effect we observed is consistent with converging evidence that
young children are sensitive to uncertainty about future rewards
(Fawcett et al., 2012; Mahrer, 1956; McGuire & Kable, 2012).”
“The data indicates that it is premature to conclude that most of
the observed variance—and the longitudinal correlation between
wait-times and later life outcomes—is due to differences in
individuals’ self-control capacities. Rather, an unreliable
worldview, in addition to self-control, may be causally related to
later life outcomes, as already suggested by an existing body of
evidence (e.g.,Barnes & Farrell, 1992; Smyke, Dumitrescu, &
Zeanah, 2002)”
Summary
Compose a 200 - 300 word summary of the article.
Be sure to introduce the
authors, date, and title
of the study within your
summary. This will help you avoid plagiarism.
Be sure to
accurately
summarize. You may also paraphrase and quote, but be
sure to add page numbers after the words or phrases you take from the article if
you paraphrase or quote.
Consider this an opportunity to practice writing good summaries of scientific
studies, which you will be
required to do in your Annotated Bibliography
submission.
In January of 2013, Celeste Kidda, Holly Palmeri, and Richard N. Aslin, from the
University of Rochester (Brain & Cognitive Sciences and Center for Visual
Science), published their study on how young children apply their decision-making
abilities in a delay of gratification task.
ENG 150
Summary Writing Worksheet
Twenty-eight children (ages 3;6 – 5;10) participated in this study, that was divided
in two tasks they had to perform.
Art project task:
The first option gives the kid the option of using old crayons or
waiting for new art supplies to come. Option 2 gave the youngster the choice to
hold out on utilizing a new set of superior stickers or to use one modest sticker.
Marshmallow task:
Right now, the toddler could consume the single marshmallow.
Alternatively, they may have two marshmallows in place of one if they could wait for
more to be brought in from the other room.
According to the results, 75% of kids gave in to their desire after an average of 5.72
minutes, failing to resist the temptation of an instantaneous, low-value reward in
favor of a high-value reward after a temporal delay (Celeste et al., 2014).
Out of
the 14 children, only one in the unreliable condition waited the entire fifteen
minutes, whereas nine (or 64.3%) in the dependable condition did so. (2014)
Celeste et al. This indicates that kids in the unreliable condition had to wait a lot
shorter than kids in the dependable condition.
According to the study, children's environments and their capacity for self-control
influence how they make decisions.
PART 2:
Comprehension Check
After initially reading and summarizing a source it is important to check your
understanding. One good way to do this is to find good sources that have summarized
the research already.
Read/Reflect
Read/watch the following sources (linked in the assignment page) and notice how they
increase your understanding of the scholarly research article called “Rational Snacking.”
Marshmallow Test: Delayed Gratification isn't Just a Matter of Willpower (see
https://parentingscience.com/delayed-gratification-and-the-marshmallow-test/
)
The Marshmallow Study Revisited (see
https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=JsQMdECFnUQ
)
Respond
Compose
responses to the following questions.
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ENG 150
Summary Writing Worksheet
A.
What did you learn from these sources? How have they helped you understand
the original article better?
Reading more from other sources gave me a different perspective and improved
my understanding of it. Moreover, a study can be interpreted in a variety of ways
and lead to a variety of results.
B.
How might looking at a blend of both scholarly and popular sources help you with
your own research?
There isn't a single source that can cover all aspects of the topic, therefore it's
helpful to consult both academic and popular sources to gain a broader
understanding of the issue. Additionally, the article's trustworthiness is increased
by using a variety of sources.