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Mt San Antonio College *
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KIN 3
Subject
English
Date
Feb 20, 2024
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docx
Pages
18
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Chapters 1: 1.
In each of the following three scenarios, circle the indicators of a potential emergency. a.
I was fixing sandwiches and talking with my next-door neighbor, Mrs. Roberts, who had come by to borrow a book. My 3-year-old, Jenny, was in her room playing with some puzzles. As Mrs. Roberts got up to leave, I heard a loud thump and a shriek from upstairs.
b.
I was on the bus headed for work. A man from the back of the bus came down the
aisle, and I noticed that he was moving unsteadily. It was cold on the bus, but I noticed he was sweating and looked very pale. “I don’t know where I am,” I heard him mumble to himself.
c.
On my way into the grocery store from the parking lot,
I heard the loud screech of tires and the crash of metal. I saw that a car had struck a telephone pole, causing the telephone pole to lean at an odd angle. Wires were hanging down from the pole onto the street. It was very frightening.
2.
List the six common fears or concerns that prevent people from taking action at the scene of an emergency.
a.
Being unsure if there is an actual emergency
b.
Being scared to cause more harm than good c.
Assuming that the situation is already under control
d.
Fear of catching a disease e.
Fear of being sued f.
Having ick with unpleasant sights such as sounds or smells 3.
How can a trained lay responder overcome any one of these fears or concerns listed in question 2?
-
A trained lay responder can overcome any of those fears or concerns by mentally
preparing themselves to accomplish those challenges ahead of time. 4.
Match each item with the correct phrase.
a. First aid b. Lay responder c. Emergency
d. Sudden illness e. EMS system f. Common fears and concerns
_
C
_ A situation requiring immediate action _
E
_ A network of community resources and medical personnel that gives emergency care to a person with an injury or sudden illness _
A
_ Immediate care given to a person with an injury or sudden illness until more advanced care can be obtained _
D
_ A physical condition, such as a heart attack, requiring immediate medical attention _
B
_ A layperson (someone who does not have special or advanced medical training or skill) who
recognizes an emergency and is willing to act
_
F
_ Reasons for not acting or for hesitating to act in an emergency situation
5.
Identify five ways bystanders can help at the scene of an emergency.
a.
Calling 911
b.
Directing/meeting with emergency personnel
c.
Keeping the surrounding area safe and clear d.
Can go out and find supplies if needed or comfort those around e.
Can give information about the person or what happened Chapter 2: 1.
List the emergency action steps. -
Check-Call-Care Answer questions 2–5 based on the scenario below. You are driving along the interstate. It is getting dark. Rain has been falling steadily and is now beginning to freeze. Suddenly a tractor-trailer that you can see in the distance ahead of you begins to sway and slide, then jackknifes and crashes onto its left side. Drivers put on their brakes and swerve, and by some miracle, everyone close by manages to avoid crashing into the fallen truck or each other. You pull onto the median and stop a safe distance behind the truck. 2.
List the possible dangers to be aware of at the scene of this emergency.
-
Traffic, freezing rain, dangerous fumes, broken glass, spilled fuel, metal shards 3.
Describe the actions you should take if you determine that the scene is unsafe. -
Do not approach the person or scene, make sure you are a safe distance away and call 9-1-1 4.
You check the driver and discover that the driver is unresponsive. You tell a bystander to call 9-1-1. List the information that the bystander should have when calling 9-1-1. -
The location in which the incident happened, what happened, how many people are around or involved, the condition in which the person is in, the care being provided, have the bystander tell you what the EMS has said 5.
Describe the actions you would take if no one else was available to help.
-
Call first before giving care since the driver is unresponsive (9-1-1 or designated emergency number) Chapter 3: 1.
Disease transmission from a person to a responder requires four conditions to be present. Which of the following is NOT one of these four?
-
a): The person may or may not be infected with a disease
2.
You are giving first aid to a child who has fallen off a bike. An untrained bystander who is not wearing gloves picks up the gauze with blood on it. The bystander’s action is an example of exposure through—
-
d): Indirect contact
3.
Safety measures you can use to prevent disease transmission include—
-
b): Using PPE such as disposable latex free gloves
4.
To obtain a person’s consent to give care, you must tell the person—
-
a): Your level of training
5.
Which would you use to move a person with a suspected head, neck or spinal injury?
-
c): Clothes drag
6.
List three situations in which it may be necessary to move a person.
-
To protect them from immediate danger, when you have to get to another person with a more serious problem/injury, and when it’s necessary to give proper care 7.
List four of the limitations you should consider before attempting to move a person in an emergency. -
The person's condition, the distance the person must be moved, if any bystanders can help you, any dangerous conditions or obstacles at the scene 8.
List at least five of the seven guidelines to follow when moving a person in an emergency.
-
Use your legs, not your back, when you bend and lift. Bend at the knees and hips, avoid any type of twisting with your body. Make sure to have a firm grip on the person. Walk forward when able, take small steps and watch where you’re going to maintain a firm and proper footing. Avoid any sort of twisting or bending of the person with a possible head, neck, or spinal injury. Do not move someone if they are
too large and you’re not able to move them comfortably. Always make sure to have good posture. 9.
Name five common types of emergency moves. a.
Clothes drag
b.
Ankle drag
c.
Blanket drag d.
Walking assist e.
Two-person seat carry Chapter 4: 1.
Complete the box with the correct system, structures or function(s).
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Systems
Structures Function Respiratory Airway, lungs Supplies the body with the oxygen it needs through breathing
Circulatory Heart, blood and blood vessels
Transports oxygen and other nutrients to cells and removes wastes Integumentary
Skin, hair, nails
Part of the body's communication network, helps prevent infection and dehydration,m assists with temperature regulation, aids in production of certain
vitamins Musculoskeletal
Bones, ligaments, muscles, tendons
Supports body, allows movement, protects internal
organs and structures, produces blood cells, stores minerals, produces heat Nervous Brain, spinal cord, nerves Regulates all body functions; a communication network
2.
Match each term with the correct definition. a. Anatomy b. Organ c. Cell d. Body system e. Tissue f. Physiology g. Vital organs _
G
_ Organs whose functions are essential to life, including the brain, heart and lungs
_
E
_ A collection of similar cells that perform a specific function _
F
_ How living organisms function _
C
_ The basic unit of living tissue _
D
_ A group of organs and other structures that works together to carry out specific functions
_
A
_ The study of body structures _
B
_ A collection of similar tissues acting together to perform a specific body function
3.
Which structure is not located in or part of the thoracic cavity?
-
a): The liver 4.
The two body systems that work together to provide oxygen to the body cells are
-
c): Respiratory and circulatory 5.
One of the main functions of the integumentary system is to
-
c): Prevent infection 6.
The function of the digestive system is to
-
c): Break down food into a form the body can use for energy
7.
Which structure in the airway prevents food and liquid from entering the lungs?
-
b): The epiglottis
8.
If a person’s use of language suddenly becomes impaired, which body system might be injured?
-
b): The nervous system
9.
Which two body systems will react initially to alert a person to a severe cut?
-
d): Circulatory, nervous
Chapter 5: 1.
List four life-threatening conditions.
-
Unresponsiveness; absence of breathing; severe, life-threatening bleeding; trouble breathing or breathing that is abnormal
Use the following scenario to answer questions 2 and 3. Several people are clustered in the middle of a street. A car is stopped in the right lane. As you approach the group, you can see a mangled bicycle lying on the pavement. You see your neighbor sitting next to it. No one seems to be doing anything. You approach your neighbor and kneel next to them.
2.
What type of dangers could be present at the scene? What could you do to make the scene safer?
-
There's a stopped car in the right lane and a mangled bicycle on the pavement that could cause another crash. There are also dangers from sitting or standing in the middle of the street. A way to make it safer is having pedestrians direct traffic. 3.
You determine that your neighbor has no life-threatening emergencies. What should you do next?
-
Once the person is awake or has woken up and has no life-threatening conditions, you may proceed in checking for other conditions that may need to be taken cared for, when checking a responsive person who is awake with no immediate life-
threatening conditions involves two steps: interview the person and bystanders using the SAMPLE questions and check the person from head to toe Use the following scenario to answer question 4. You walk into your boss’s office for a meeting. You see a cup of coffee spilled on the desk. Your boss is lying on the floor, motionless.
4.
Based on the scenario above, number the following actions in order: _
2
_ Control any severe, life-threatening bleeding. _
1
_ Check the scene by performing a scene size-up. _
3
_ Check for responsiveness and breathing. _
5
_ Perform a SAMPLE interview. _
4
_ Call 9-1-1 or the designated emergency number.
5.
What is the purpose of your initial check of the person?
-
b): To determine whether any life-threatening conditions are present
6.
Once you determine the person has no life-threatening conditions, you should
-
c): Check for other injuries or conditions that could become life threatening if not cared for
7.
Before beginning a check for life-threatening conditions, you should first
-
b): Check the scene
8.
If the person you are checking is unresponsive but breathing normally, what should be your next action?
-
a): Have a bystander call 9-1-1 or the designated emergency number
9.
If the person you are checking is unresponsive and not breathing normally, what should be your next action?
-
b): Begin CPR Chapters 6: 1.
Match each term with the correct definition. a. Cardiac arrest b. CPR c. Cholesterol d. Coronary arteries e. Heart attack f. Angina pectoris
_
C
_ A fatty substance that contributes to the risk for heart disease _
F
_ Temporary chest pain caused by a lack of oxygen to the heart _
D
_ Blood vessels that supply the heart with oxygen-rich blood _
B
_ A combination of chest compressions and rescue breaths _
A
_ Condition that results when the heart stops beating or beats too irregularly or weakly to circulate blood _
E
_ A sudden illness involving the death of heart muscle tissue caused when it does not receive oxygen-rich blood
2.
Identify the signs and symptoms of cardiac arrest
-
Gasping for air, or the person may be unresponsive and not breathing 3.
List the situations in which a trained lay responder may stop CPR.
-
You notice a sign of life, such as normal breathing. An AED becomes available and is ready to be in use. Another trained responder or EMS personnel arrive and are able to take over. You get too exhausted and are unable to continue. The scene becomes too safe to continue. 4.
Describe the conditions that most often cause cardiac arrest in children and infants
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-
Breathing problems (such as asthma attack, smoke inhalation, airway obstruction or severe epiglottitis) and trauma (drowning, electrocution, poisoning, motor vehicle
crash, firearm injuries and falls) 5.
Which is the most common sign or symptom of a heart attack?
-
b.) Persistent chest pain, discomfort or pressure 6.
Which of the following best describes the chest pain associated with heart attack?
-
d.) a and b
7.
What may happen as a result of a heart attack? -
d.) All of the above
8.
Which should you do first to care effectively for a person having a heart attack? -
c.) Call 9-1-1 or the designated emergency number 9.
How can you know whether a person’s heart is beating?
-
d.) Any or all of the above
10. When is CPR needed for an adult? -
c.) When the person is unresponsive and not breathing normally 11. Which is the purpose of CPR? -
c.) To supply the vital organs with blood containing oxygen
12. CPR artificially takes over the functions of which two body systems? -
b.) Respiratory and circulatory systems Use the following scenario to answer questions 13 and 14. It is Saturday afternoon. You and your mother are at home watching a tennis match on television. At the commercial break, your mother mumbles something about indigestion and heads to the medicine cabinet to get an antacid. Twenty minutes later, you notice that your mom does not respond to a great play made by her favorite player. You ask what is wrong, and she complains that the antacid has not worked. She states that her chest and shoulder hurt. She is sweating heavily. You notice that she is breathing fast and she looks ill.
13. List the signs and symptoms of a heart attack that you find in this scenario.
-
Her chest and shoulder hurt, she is sweating heavily, she is breathing fast, she doesn't look well 14. Your mother suddenly becomes unresponsive. Number in order the following actions you
would now take. _
3
_ Ensure she is on a firm, flat surface. _
2
_ Call 9-1-1 or the designated emergency number. _
1
_ Check for responsiveness and breathing. (She does not respond and is not breathing normally.) _
4
_ Correctly position your hands. _
5
_ Give cycles of 30 compressions and 2 rescue breaths.
15. If during an analysis an AED prompts, “no shock advised,” you should
-
c.) Immediately resume CPR until the AED reanalyzes or you notice an obvious sign
of life 16. While the AED analyzes the heart rhythm, you should -
a.) Ensure that no one, including you, is touching the person
17. If the AED pads risk touching each other, such as with a small child or infant, you should
-
d.) Place one pad in the middle of the chest, and the other on the back between the shoulder blades.
Chapter 7:
1.
Match each term with the correct definition. a. Airway obstruction b. Respiratory arrest c. Anatomical airway obstruction d. Respiratory distress e. Cyanotic _
A
_ Blockage of the airway that prevents air from reaching a person’s lungs _
B
_ Condition in which breathing stops _
D
_ Condition in which breathing becomes difficult _
E
_ Bluish discoloration of the skin around the mouth or the fingertips _
C
_ Occurs when the airway is blocked by the tongue or swollen tissues of the mouth and throat
2.
Circle four signs and symptoms associated with respiratory distress that you find in the following scenario. When Rita walked into Mr. Boyd’s office, she found him collapsed
across his desk. His eyes were closed but she could hear him breathing, making a high whistling noise
. He was flushed, sweating
and seemed to be trembling uncontrollably
. When he heard Rita, he raised his head a little. “My chest hurts,” he gasped, “and I feel dizzy and can’t seem to catch my breath.”
He looked frightened.
3.
List three causes of choking in adults.
-
Laughing or talking with their mouth full or eating way too fast. Medical Conditions. Dental problems or poorly fitting dentures that take away the ability of someone to chew food properly. 4.
Match each type of care with its purpose. a. Give back blows and abdominal thrusts b. Recognize and care for respiratory distress c. Start with chest compressions, then do foreign object check/ removal and rescue breaths _
C
_ CPR technique for a choking person who becomes unresponsive _
A
_ Force a foreign object out of the airway _
B
_ May prevent respiratory arrest from occurring
5.
Which of the following is a sign of respiratory distress? -
d.) All of the above
6.
How are asthma, hyperventilation and anaphylactic shock alike? -
b.) They are forms of respiratory distress
7.
Care for people in respiratory distress always includes which of the following?
-
a.) Encouraging the person to sit down and lean forward
8.
While eating dinner, a friend suddenly grabs their throat and appears to be trying to cough without success. What should you do after getting consent? -
b.) Give back blows and abdominal thrusts until the object is dislodged or the person becomes unresponsive 9.
A woman is choking on a piece of candy but is awake and coughing forcefully. What should you do? -
c.) Encourage the woman to continue coughing
10. What should you do for an infant who is awake and choking but who cannot cry, cough or breathe? -
a.) Give back blows and chest thrusts
11. Number in order the following actions for giving care to a choking infant who suddenly becomes unresponsive. _
1
_ Give 30 chest compressions. _
3
_ Check for an object. _
2
_ Open the airway using the head-tilt/chin-lift maneuver. _
5
_ Give 2 rescue breaths. _
5
_ Remove an object if you see one.
Chapter 8:
1.
Match each term with the correct definition. a. External bleeding b. Direct pressure c. Pressure bandage d. Internal bleeding e. Arteries f. Veins g. Tourniquet _
B
_ Using your gloved hand to apply pressure on the wound to control bleeding _
A
_ Bleeding that can be seen coming from a wound _
D
_ The escape of blood from an artery, vein or capillary inside the body _
G
_ A tight band placed around an arm or leg to constrict blood vessels in order to stop blood flow to a wound _
F
_ Blood vessels that carry blood from all parts of the body to the heart _
E
_ Vessels that transport blood to the capillaries for distribution to the cells _
C
_ A bandage applied snugly to maintain pressure on the wound to control bleeding
2.
List two signs and symptoms of severe, life-threatening external bleeding
-
Blood spurting or pouring from the wound, bleeding that continues even after direct
pressure was applied 3.
Describe how to control severe, life-threatening external bleeding
-
Put on disposable latex-free gloves. If blood has the potential to splatter, you may need to wear eye and face protection. Cover the wound with a dressing and press firmly against the wound with a gloved hand. Apply a pressure bandage over the dressing to maintain pressure on the wound and to hold the dressing in place. If blood soaks through the dressing or bandage, reapply or redirect pressure to the
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wound. Consider alternative techniques to control bleeding, such as applying a tourniquet or a hemostatic dressing. Continue to monitor the person’s condition. Observe the person closely for signs that may indicate that the person is developing shock. Take steps to minimize shock, such as helping the person to lie down and preventing them from getting chilled or overheated. Have the person rest comfortably and reassure them while waiting for EMS personnel to arrive. Wash your hands with soap and water immediately after giving care, even if you wore gloves.
4.
List five signs and symptoms of severe internal bleeding.
-
Tender, swollen, bruised, or rigid areas of the body such as the abdomen. Skin that feels cool or moist or looks pale or bluish. Vomiting or coughing up blood. An altered level of consciousness, such as the person becoming confused, faint, drowsy or unresponsive. Rapid breathing Use the following scenario to answer question 5. The usual Saturday morning baseball game is in progress. A few spectators are standing around on the sidelines. As Milo takes a swing at a curveball, he loses his grip on the bat, which flies several feet, hitting Chris hard on the thigh. Chris drops to the ground, clutching his leg. The skin where the leg was struck immediately becomes red and begins to swell.
5.
What type of bleeding do you suspect Chris has?
-
Internal bleeding 6.
A child has a deep cut on their arm. The child’s face is moist and very pale. What would you do first? -
a.) Have someone call 9-1-1 or the designated emergency number.
Chapter 9:
1.
Shock is a condition resulting only from severe blood loss. -
False 2.
List the signs and symptoms of shock.
-
apprehension , anxiety, restlessness or irritability; altered level of consciousness; nausea or vomiting; pale, ashen, or grayish, cool, moist skin; rapid breathing; rapid,
weak heartbeat; excessive thirst 3.
List two of the conditions that frequently result in shock in children.
-
Server vomiting or diarrhea Use the following scenario to answer question 4. Tara saw her nephew Daren fall out of the tree he was climbing. When she reached him, he was lying on his back on the ground, awake, but in pain. One leg was strangely twisted. Tara ran into the house, called 9-1-1 and told the emergency medical dispatcher what had happened. Then she ran back to Daren, who was pale and appeared restless.
4.
What can Tara do to care for Daren until EMS personnel arrive?
-
Take steps to control any external bleeding and prevent further blood loss. Immobilized his leg to prevent movement that could cause more bleeding and damage. Have him lie flat and on his back. Make sure to keep his normal temperature using a blanket. Do not give him anything to eat or drink even if he asks for something. Talk to him in a calm and caring manner to reduce his emotional stress and help him rest comfortably. Continue to monitor his breathing for any changes in his condition. 5.
Which of the following can cause shock? -
d.) All of the above
6.
When shock occurs, the body prioritizes its need for blood. Where does it send blood first? -
b.) The brain, heart and lungs 7.
Which of the following are included in the care for shock? -
d.) All of the above
8.
Which body systems are affected by shock?
-
b.) All body systems
Chapter 10: 1.
Match each term with the correct definition. a. Soft tissue b. Open wound c. Critical burn d. Bandages e. Closed wound f. Full-thickness burn _
C
_ Any burn that is potentially life threatening, disabling or disfiguring _
F
_ A burn that destroys skin and underlying tissues _
A
_ The layers of the skin, adipose and muscles _
D
_ Wrappings that hold dressings in place _
E
_ Injury resulting in tissue damage beneath the skin’s surface, while the skin remains intact _
B
_ Injury resulting in a break in the skin’s surface
2.
Match each type of injury to its example. a. Abrasion b. Puncture c. Avulsion d. Contusion _
C
_ Torn earlobe _
D
_ Black eye _
A
_ Scraped knee _
B
_ Gunshot wound
3.
Match each type of wound with the appropriate care. a. A major open wound b. A minor open wound c. A major open wound with an impaled object d. A severed body part _
A
_ Cover with dressing and pressure bandage. _
B
_ Wash the wound thoroughly with soap and water. _
D
_ Wrap the part and place it in a plastic bag, and then in an ice and water slurry. _
C
_ Use bulky dressings to stabilize.
4.
List five signs and symptoms of infection.
-
The area around the wound becomes swollen and red; there might be a some sort of pus coming out; the area may feel war or throb with pain; more serious infections may cause a person to develop a fever and feel severely ill; red streaks may develop that progress from the wound
5.
List two of the purposes of bandaging.
-
To apply pressure and or control bleeding, to protect a wound from infection and dirt from coming in contact 6.
List and briefly describe six types of open wounds.
-
Abrasion (skin that is rubbed or scraped away), laceration (cut with jagged or smooth edges), avulsion (portion of skin and sometimes other soft tissue is partially or completely torn away), amputation (a body part is severed), puncture/penetration
(skin is pierced with a pointed object, sometimes results in an embedded object), crush injury (a body part is subjected to a high degree of pressure) 7.
List four sources of burns.
-
Heat, electricity, chemicals, radiation 8.
Describe the following types of burns: a. Superficial burn - involves only the top layer of the skin (superficial)
b. Partial-thickness burn - involves the top layers of the skin (partial thickness) c. Full-thickness burn - May destroy all layers of skin and some or all of underlying structures (full thickness) 9.
To prevent infection of a minor open wound, you should -
a.) Wash the area with soap and water
10. A sign of an infected open wound is -
d.) a and b
11. Which should you do to care for an infected wound? -
d.) All of the above
12. Which statement applies to all open wounds? -
b.) They are at risk for infection
13. Which should you do in caring for a major open wound? -
a.) Apply direct pressure with a dressing to control bleeding
14. Which should you do when caring for an injury in which the body part has been completely severed? -
b.) Seek medical assistance and make sure the part is transported with the person
15. A 6-year-old girl falls on a sharp object. The object is sticking out of her leg. What should you do? -
d.) Control bleeding and stabilize the object in the position in which you find it.
16. Which is the step you should take to control external bleeding (minor)? -
b.) Apply direct pressure
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17. Which could swelling and discoloration indicate? -
d.) All of the above
18. Which action would you take when caring for a minor closed wound? -
b.) Apply cold for 20 minutes using a barrier between the skin and cold pack
19. What is the first step you should take when caring for an electrical burn? -
b.) Make sure the scene is safe (the power source is turned off)
20. Which burns require professional medical attention? -
d.) All of the above
21. The student at the lab table near you spills a liquid corrosive chemical on his arm. Which would you do first? -
d.) Have the person immediately remove contaminated clothes.
22. Luke’s grandmother was burned on one leg and foot when a pan of boiling water tipped off the stove. Which should Luke have done first to care for her? -
c.) Help her put her foot and leg in the bathtub and flood it with cold water
Chapter 11: 1.
Match each item with the correct definition. a. Bone b. Dislocation c. Fracture d. Joint e. Ligaments f. Muscle g. Skeletal muscles h. Splint i. Sprain j. Strain k. Tendon _
H
_ Device used to keep body parts from moving _
B
_ Displacement of a bone from its normal position at a joint _
F
_ Tissue that contracts and relaxes to create movement _
C
_ Broken bone _
A
_ Dense, hard tissue that forms the skeleton _
I
_ Injury that stretches and tears ligaments and other soft tissues at joints _
K
_ Fibrous band attaching muscle to bone _
D
_ Structure formed where two or more bones meet _
J
_ Injury that stretches and tears muscles and tendons _
G
_ Muscles that attach to bones _
E
_ Fibrous bands holding bones together at joints
2.
List the reasons to call 9-1-1 or the designated emergency number for a musculoskeletal injury.
-
There are deformity, there is severe swelling and discoloration, bones sound or feel like they are rubbing together, a snap or pop was heard or felt at the time of the injury, there is a fracture and an open wound at, or bone piercing through, the injury involves the head, neck or spine, the cause of injury suggests that it may be severe 3.
List four principles of splinting.
-
Splint the injury in the position in which you find it, splint the injured area and the joints or bones above and below the injury site, splint only if you have to move the
injured person and you can do so without causing more pain and discomfort to the person, if circulation has changed with splinting, loosen the splint slightly and reassess circulation 4.
Which should you do when caring for an injured joint? -
c.) Apply cold to the injured area
5.
Signs of a serious musculoskeletal injury include -
b.) Deformity or bone fragments protruding from a wound
6.
You find a person lying quietly on the ground. Their right leg is twisted at an unusual angle and you can see protruding bones and blood. The scene is safe and there is no severe, life threatening bleeding. Which do you do first? -
b.) Check for life threatening conditions
7.
Why should you immobilize a musculoskeletal injury? -
a.) To prevent further injury to soft tissues 8.
Which step would you take before and after splinting an injury? -
b.) Check for feeling, warmth and color
Chapter 12: 1.
Match each term with the correct definition. a. Upper arm b. Forearm c. Femur d. Lower leg _
C
_ The part of the lower extremity from the pelvis to the knee
_
B
_ The part of the upper extremity from the elbow to the wrist _
D
_ The part of the lower extremity from the knee to the ankle _
A
_ The part of the upper extremity from the shoulder to the elbow
2.
Identify the most frequent cause of upper extremity injuries.
-
Falling on the hand of an outstretched arm Base your answers for questions 3 through 5 on the scenario below. A person attempting to leap a 4-foot gate catches one foot on the gate and falls hard on the other side. They appear to be unable to get up. The person says their left leg and arm both hurt. When you check, you find that they are unable to move their legs, which are beginning to swell. Their left arm looks deformed at the shoulder, and there is no sensation in the fingers of that arm. The arm is beginning to look bruised and is painful. The person says they feel a little nauseated and dizzy, and there is also a scrape on their hand.
3.
What type of injury does the person likely have?
-
A dislocation of fracture of the shoulder and a fractured leg 4.
Identify the signs and symptoms that support your answer.
-
Left arm looks deformed at the shoulder. No sensation in the fingers of that arm, the
arm is beginning to look bruised and is painful. Unable to move the leg, which beginning to swell 5.
Describe the steps you would take to help the person.
-
Call 9-1-1 or the designated emergency number; immobilize the injured parts in the position found; apply a cold pack, placing gauze or cloth between the cold pack and the skin; help the person rest in the most comfortable position; prevent them from becoming chilled or overheated; reassure the person. Continue to monitor the person’s level of consciousness, breathing, skin color and temperature. Be alert for any signs, such as changes in breathing rate, skin color or level of consciousness that
may indicate the person’s condition is worsening. If needed, take steps to minimize shock.
6.
List two specific signs and symptoms of a fractured femur.
-
Injured leg is noticeably shorter than the other leg; the injured leg may be turned outward. Additional signs and symptoms include severe pain and inability to move the lower extremity 7.
List three types of splints used to immobilize an extremity.
-
Soft, rigid, and anatomic 8.
A man who has fallen down a steep flight of stairs is clutching his right arm to his chest. He says his shoulder hurts, and he cannot move his arm. How should you care for him? -
b.) Immobilize the arm in the position you found it
9.
A child has fallen from a bicycle onto the pavement and landed on her elbow. The elbow is bent, and the girl says she cannot move it. What do you do after calling 9-1-1 or the designated emergency number? -
c.) Immobilize the elbow in the bent position
10. You just finished mountain biking on a little-used local nature path when your friend unexpectedly hits a loose patch of dirt and slams down hard on the ground. Your friend is
lying on the ground, awake and breathing. Their lower leg is bleeding profusely from a gash and seems to be bent at an odd angle. With no one around, and no mobile phone, you think you might need to transport your friend to the hospital yourself. List the guidelines you should follow in applying a splint to immobilize the injury. -
Do not move or straighten the injured area. Stabilize the injury in the position found. If the person’s lower extremity is supported by the ground, do not move it. Use rolled towels or blankets to support the leg in the position in which you found it.
Control any external bleeding with direct pressure, unless the bleeding is located directly over a suspected fracture. With a fracture, apply pressure around the area. If you must transport or move the person, and it does not cause more pain, create an
anatomic splint by securing the injured lower extremity to the uninjured lower extremity with several wide cravats placed above and below the site of the injury. Place a pillow or rolled blanket between the lower extremities, and bind them together above and below the site of the injury. Apply a cold pack. Take steps to minimize shock.
Chapter 13: 1.
Match each term with the correct definition.
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a. Concussion b. Traumatic brain injury c. Spine d. Vertebrae _
D
_ The 33 bones of the spine _
B
_ An injury associated with temporary and/or permanent impairment to brain function, including physical, emotional and cognitive functioning _
C
_ A temporary loss of brain function caused by a blow to the head _
A
_ Series of vertebrae extending from the base of the skull to the tip of the tailbone
2.
List five situations that might indicate the possibility of a serious head, neck or spinal injury
-
A person is unresponsive; was involved in a motor-vehicle crash or subjected to another significant force; was injured as a result of a fall from greater than the person’s standing height; is wearing a safety helmet that is broken; complains of neck or back pain; has tingling or weakness in the extremities; is not fully awake; appears to be intoxicated; appears to be frail or older than 65 years; is a child younger than 3 years with evidence of a head or neck injury.
3.
List six signs and symptoms of head, neck or spinal injuries.
-
Changes in the level of consciousness; severe pain or pressure in the head, neck or spine; tingling or loss of sensation in the extremities; partial or complete loss of movement of any body part; observable, unusual bumps or depressions on the head or neck; sudden loss of memory; blood or other fluids in the ears or nose; profuse external bleeding of the head, neck or back; seizures in a person who does not have a seizure disorder; impaired breathing or impaired vision as a result of injury; nausea or vomiting; persistent headache; loss of balance; bruising of the head, especially around the eyes or behind the ears.
4.
List the steps of care for an eye injury in which the eyeball has been penetrated.
-
Place the person in a face-up position and enlist someone to help stabilize the person’s head. Do not attempt to remove any object embedded in the eye. Stabilize the object by encircling the eye with a gauze dressing or soft sterile cloth, being careful not to apply any pressure to the area. Position bulky dressings, such as roller
gauze, around the impaled object and then cover it with a shield such as a paper cup. Do not use Styrofoam-type materials, as small particles can break off and get into the eye. The shield should not touch the object. Bandage the shield and dressing
in place with a self-adhering bandage and roller bandage covering the person’s injured eye, as well as the uninjured eye, to keep the object stable and minimize movement. Comfort and reassure the person. Do not leave the person unattended.
5.
Which are among the most common causes of serious head, neck and spinal injury? -
d.) All of the above
6.
Serious injuries to the head, neck or spine can damage— -
d.) All of the above
7.
Which of the following situations would cause you to suspect a serious head, neck or spinal injury? -
c.) A high school football player is holding his neck after making a tackle headfirst
8.
Which should you do when caring for a person with a suspected head, neck or spinal injury?
-
c.) Remind the person to remain still while checking for life-threatening conditions
9.
At the scene of a car crash, a person has blood seeping from their ears. Which should you
do? -
a.) Loosely cover the ears with a sterile dressing
10. Which is your primary concern when caring for an injury to the mouth or neck? -
b.) Airway obstruction
11. Which is a sign or symptom of an injured ear? -
d.) All of the above
12. As you begin to apply direct pressure to control bleeding for a scalp injury, you notice a depression of the skull in the area of the bleeding. What should you do next?
-
Do not put direct pressure on the wound; attempt to control bleeding with pressure on the area around the wound; secure the dressings with a roller bandage or triangular bandage; call 9-1-1 or the designated emergency number Chapter 14: 1.
Match each term with the correct definition.
a. Abdomen b. Chest c. Genitals d. Pelvis e. Sternum _
C
_ External reproductive organs _
A
_ The middle part of the trunk, containing the stomach, liver and spleen _
B
_ The upper part of the trunk, containing the heart, major blood vessels and lungs _
E
_ Long, flat bone in the middle of the front of the rib cage, also called the breastbone _
D
_ The lower part of the trunk, containing the intestines, bladder and reproductive organs
2.
List five general guidelines for care for injuries to the chest, abdomen and pelvis.
-
Call 9-1-1 or the designated emergency number; limit movement; monitor breathing
and signs of life; control bleeding; tak steps to minimize shock 3.
List seven signs and symptoms of a chest injury
-
Trouble breathing or no breathing; severe pain at the site of the injury; flushed, pale, ashen or bluish skin; obvious deformity, such as that caused by a fracture; coughing up blood (may be bright red or dark like coffee grounds); bruising at the site of a blunt injury, such as that caused by a seat belt; a “sucking” noise or distinct
sound when the person breathes 4.
List six signs and symptoms of an abdominal or pelvic injury
-
Severe abdominal pain; bruising; external bleeding; nausea; vomiting (sometimes vomit containing blood); pale, or ashen, cool, moist skin; weakness; thirst; pain, tenderness or a tight feeling in the abdomen; organs protruding from the abdomen; rigid abdominal muscles; signs and symptoms of shock
5.
Care for injuries to the chest, abdomen and pelvis includes -
a.) Watching for changes in a person’s breathing
Base your answers for questions 6 through 8 on the scenario below. You arrive at the local convenience store late Saturday night to satisfy your frozen yogurt
craving. As you enter, you notice drops of blood on the floor. A robbery has just occurred—the store clerk appears to have been beaten and stabbed. The clerk is awake but in considerable pain and is having trouble breathing. You hear a sucking sound coming from the chest when the person breathes.
6.
What type of injury does the person have?
-
A sucking chest wound (an open chest wound) 7.
Identify the signs and symptoms that support your answer to question 6.
-
Trouble breathing; considerable pain at the site of the injury; a sucking sound from the chest when the person breathes 8.
Describe the steps you would take to help this person.
-
Call 9-1-1 or the designated emergency number; control any major bleeding, but do not allow the wound to become occluded by a dressing or bandage; do not cover or seal the wound; monitor the person’s breathing; take steps to minimize shock
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