06 - Kalman Filters and LQR

EQUATION OF OUTPUT VOLTAGE( NEED ONLY HANDWRITTEN SOLUTION PLEASE OTHERWISE DOWNVOTE).

Question 666 electric  Full explain this question very fast

An op-amp comparator in a firing circuit can produce waveforms at the output of up to 28 V peak-to-peak without any distortion. An inverse cosine-based firing circuit with a voltage range from +14 to -14 (reference voltage) is used to produce a gating signal for the SCR at the desired delay angle. if the reference voltage is 5.92 volts, the delay angle (in degrees) would be: O A. -155 O B. None of the other choices are correct O C. 155 O D.-25 O E. 65

Which op-amp network is commonly used to reduce the effect of noise on comparator circuits (Schmitt trigger arrangement)?Using an output networkUsing a negative feedback networkUsing an input networkUsing a positive feedback network

Consider the op-amp circuit to the right. Write a general formula for Vout as a function of Vin and the parameters of the resistor and MOSFET. Make sure to pay attention to the orientation of the MOSFET, you may assume an ideal op-amp. Vin R1 om + Q1 Vout

A voltage follower is to be designed to provide a gain error of less than 0.005 percent. Develop a set of minimum required specifications on open-loop gain and CMRR.

Could you please go further into how to apply nodal analysis to an op-amp circuit? Thank you

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Q2. A simple comparator and a Schmitt trigger are shown in Figures 2(a) and 2(b). The maximum output voltage, Vmax, can switch between -10 V and +10 V for both circuits. The lower and upper trigger levels of the Schmitt trigger are -1 V and +2 V, respectively. a) Based on the information given above, sketch the transfer characteristics for both circuits. b) Show that the hysteresis of the Schmitt trigger of Figure 2(b) can be expressed as 2. R₁- Vmax Vnys R₁ + R₂ c) Using the parameters provided above, determine the ratio of R₂/R₁ for the circuit of Figure 2(b).

a) Negative feedback circuits such as the Schmitt trigger are used to solve noisy scenarios in comparator circuit applications. Using circuit diagrams and waveforms, explain clearly how this is achieved. b) An LM35 temperature sensor has the following transfer function: Vout 10mV °C x Temp (°C) Design an electronic circuit to turn on an LED rated at 5V whenever the temperature falls below 85°C. The circuit should use a comparator, a few resistors and the LM35 temperature sensor. You should demonstrate by calculation and by simulation in multisim or proteus that your circuit works correctly. Only screenshots are required for simulation no files needed.

Using any number of Op-Amps, design multistage amplifier to amplify input Ac signal with 0.01V amplitude, the expected output voltage would have 4V amplitude. The input signal frequency = 10 KHz. Assume gain bandwidth product of Op-Amp = 1 MHz

(a) Identify the correct answers 1. Virtual ground of an OP-AMP (a) Is formed only with negative feedback (b) Is always an AC ground, may occasionally be a DC ground (for PMOS) (c) Is coined as a terminology where the input signal splits equally between the terminals (d) Leads to the concept of almost zero difference between the two inputs (both DC and AC) using feedback 2. In an OP-AMP based circuit (a) Phase margin of the closed loop transfer function is a measure of stable operation (b) 45° is a desirable phase margin as it balances the frequency domain stability and the time domain settling optimally (c) Absolute open loop gain numbers are not that important, as long as they are large (d) 45° is only achieved when the RHP zero is placed on one of the poles 3. In a differential amplifier biased with a given tail current I, to increase the overdrive voltage by 2X without changing input capacitive loading, we should (a) Increase W by 2X and reduce L by 2X (b) Reduce W by 2X and…

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An uncompensated system shown in Figure 3(a) has forward transfer function G(s) with a unity feedback. a.  Design a phase lead compensator shown in Figure 3(b) cascaded with the uncompensated system shown in Figure 3(a) that will have a 40% or better improvement of the settling time, at least 3 times improvement in percent overshoot. Assume a compensator zero at (given value zc = -10).Show all the complete solution.