ChardonnaySchwartz_PHYS180_

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Assignment 2 - Outline 1 Assignment 2 - Outline Chardonnay Schwartz Solar Panels American Public University, Summer B001 Professor Marra 20230810

Assignment 2 - Outline 2 Assignment 2 - Outline I. The Introduction: A. A solar panel is identified to the scientific community by the name; Silicon (Britannica, T. Editors of Encyclopedia (2023, May 5). B. Silicon is commonly known as solar panels, solar batteries, photovoltaic cells, solar cells, and solar collectors. (Types of Solar Panels: What You Need to Know | EnergySage). C. I chose this technology because solar panels are changing the way people fuel their lives and the way people are building their houses. They are both portable and stationary resources to benefit the environment and economics. I have personally seen how a solar panel can provide energy at your fingertips whether you choose to fuel your house, car, or even technology. Solar panels are a renewable source of power and have an important role in reducing greenhouse gasses and fossil fuels as well as reducing climate change. II. The Body (Content Sections): A. Background: Solar Panels are photovoltaic cells that use the solar energy directly from the sun to generate electricity for our daily use. The panels collect the solar energy which is available in abundance and convert it using the advanced technology developed by human beings. This invention has led to the change in conserving non-renewable resources to save the planet’s natural resources from depletion. (Solar Panel - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics). Solar panels consist of an aluminum frame with solar glass to contain the transparent sheet and silicon panels; under the silicon panels are an additional layer of glass between the

Assignment 2 - Outline 3 silicon and the junction box. B. Solar Panels were discovered in 1839, during the Industrial Revolution when French physicist Alexandre Edmond Becquerellar demonstrated the ability of a solar cell to convert sunlight into electricity; known as the photovoltaic effect. About four decades later, American inventor Charles Fritts created the world’s first rooftop solar array in New York in 1883. Fritts coated the panels with selenium; used to produce a weak electric current for power. However, the process of how light produces electricity wasn’t understood until Albert Einstein wrote a paper explaining the photoelectric effect in 1905. Together Becquerellar and Einstein formed the basics of solar development for the future (History of Solar Power – IER (instituteforenergyresearch.org). After, the government’s oil price control in the 1970s, the Arab oil embargo of 1973, and the federal government’s Emergency Petroleum Act of 1973 pushed an energy crisis within the United States creating the first push for solar development. In 1974 congress passed five energy bills, two of which cited solar cells as the solution to the energy crisis. The collaborative effort between the federal government and The Energy Research and Development Administration (ERDA) was to make solar energy inexpensive and feasible to the public. Despite President Carter’s efforts the credit for solar power failed, but not all his work went unnoticed. The efforts during this difficult time led to the Energy Policy Act of 1992. The second push for solar was a product of declining oil production and rising oil inputs throughout the early 2000s. This second crisis helped the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (EPAct). This was created by President Bush to launch a new energy strategy focusing on

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Assignment 2 - Outline 4 the high gasoline costs and the dependency on foreign oil. From 2005 to 2009 the federal government created four Acts to combat the continued energy crisis within the United States, funneling money from the public into research and development in hopes for a better future. Nevertheless, this funding and research has progressed solar energy growth to a new level. C. Solar energy is environmentally friendly technology, a great energy supply and one of the most significant renewable and green energy sources. Fossil Fuels are the most widely used source of energy despite the dangers they present to the environment. Large industries consume massive amounts of electricity produced by these dangers, making up twenty-two percent of the Earth’s greenhouse gasses. Despite these dangers renewable energy has been making a large impact throughout businesses in the United States. From 2010 through 2020 the average cost of solar energy has dropped by eight two percent, allowing this resource to become feasible to the public. Among the top twenty corporations that use green energy, the first five are in the retail industry: Walmart, Costco, Wholesale, Kohl’s, IKEA, and Macy’s. Currently Walmart stores twenty- eight percent of renewable energy consumption and IKEA has released that it produces more than three times the energy it needs with renewable solar. Agricultural farms use solar energy to power fans to keep the animals comfortable throughout the year. Pharmaceutical labs such as Johnson & Johnson use solar energy to roll out vaccines in cold storage units to maintain their integrity until use. Technology companies such Tesla and Apple own factories that are completely ran on solar energy accounting for seventy percent of the corporation's power usage. Lastly,

Assignment 2 - Outline 5 car manufacturing plants have begun incorporating solar energy into the construct of the vehicle rather than relying on gasoline. Companies around the United States use solar energy to power their factories, plants, and even I-phones. This renewable energy source is shaping the future of technology and creating a better environment. Industries that Benefit from Solar Energy Systems | SolarNRG Solar energy technology and its roles in sustainable development | Clean Energy | Oxford Academic (oup.com) D. A detailed investigation into how the technology works at the most fundamental level. This should include: a. Solar panels at the fundamental level transform the light from the sun into electric currents to provide energy sources for the usage of items such as phones, cars, buildings, and more. b. The solar device can be constructed two different ways to produce the same result. First, the Solar PV-System consists of mono- crystalline panels, a DC-to-AC inverter, a DC-to-DC controller, power meter, breakers, and a battery. This panel generates DC electricity which is controlled through the controller to obtain the DC output. The controlled current is then stored into the battery and inverted into AC electricity for usage and regulated by the meter. Secondly, the Solar-Thermal System consists of a solar collector, flow meter, pump, heat fluid tank, ball and check valve, heat storage, temperature gauge, boiler, and reservoir. The PV collector harvests the light and converts it into heat, which is

Assignment 2 - Outline 6 utilized to warm the cold water. The temperature gauge and flow meter measure the water temperature and rate continuously. The pump then circulates the water throughout the system to create an electric current for usage. The solar panel life cycle will extract raw materials such as light energy and natural resources through the PV panel. After collection, the energy will transfer through the cable and valve system to the breaker pump where the energy will be recognized. Once the energy has been recognized, it then will be funneled into the pipe and tank to be inverted into electricity through the HTF tank or the battery system. From this point the controller will be used to determine the energy output for usage. Parvez Mahmud, Huda N., Farjana, S. H., & Lang, C. (2018). Environmental Impacts of Solar-Photovoltaic and Solar-Thermal Systems with Life-Cycle Assessment. Energies,11(9), 2346. https://doi.org/10.3390/en11092346 d. Perovskites are a leading candidate for eventually replacing silicon as the material of choice for solar panels. They offer the potential for low-cost, low-temperature manufacturing of ultrathin, lightweight flexible cells, but so far their efficiency at converting sunlight to electricity has lagged behind that of silicon and some other alternatives. In pursuing the research further, there are two important avenues, he says: to continue pushing the limits on better efficiency, and to focus on increasing the material’s long-term stability, which currently is

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Assignment 2 - Outline 7 measured in months, compared to decades for silicon cells.;Innovations: streetlights, refrigerators, ovens, chargers, Assignment 2 - Outline 9 paint, tents, bike locks, fabrics, backpacks Researchers improve efficiency of next-generation solar cell material | MIT News | Massachusetts Institute of Technology 9 Innovations in Solar PV Technology - ASME III. The Conclusion Section: this section should contain four to six points that sum up the main points from the body of the outline. 1. Start your conclusive section with one sentence summarizing some basic information about your chosen technology. 2. Summarize the way that it works, the history and future of it's development. 3. Wrap up the conclusive section with a closing note that provides brief information about a unique fact your chosen technology. Assignment 2 - Outline 10 References Britannica, T. Editors of Encyclopaedia (2023, May 5). solar panel. Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/technology/solar-panel.

Assignment 2 - Outline 8 Assignment 2 - Outline Chardonnay Schwartz Solar Panels American Public University, Summer B001 Professor Marra 20230810

Assignment 2 - Outline 9 Assignment 2 - Outline I. The Introduction: this section must contain A. A solar panel is identified to the scientific community by the name; Silicon (Britannica, T. Editors of Encyclopaedia (2023, May 5) B. Silicon is commonly known as solar panels, solar batteries, photovoltaic cells, solar cells, and solar collectors. ( Types of Solar Panels: What You Need to Know | EnergySage ) C. I chose this technology because solar panels are changing the way people fuel their lives and the way people are building their houses. They are both portable and stationary resources to benefit the environment and economics. I have personally seen how a solar panel can provide energy at your fingertips whether you choose to fuel your house, car, or even technology. Solar panels are a renewable source of power and have an important role in reducing greenhouse gasses and fossil fuels as well as reducing climate change. II. The Body (Content Sections): this section should contain A. Background: Solar Panels are generally photovoltaic cells that use the solar energy directly from the sun to generate electricity for our daily use. The panels collect the solar energy which is available in abundance and convert it using the advanced technology developed by human beings. This invention has led to the change in conserving non-renewable resources to save the planet’s natural resources from depletion. ( Solar

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Assignment 2 - Outline 10 Panel - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics ). Solar panels consist of an aluminum frame with solar glass to contain the transparent sheet and silicon panels; under the silicon panels is an additional layer of glass between the silicon and the junction box. B. A brief history of how the technology was developed (when/where was the research and development done, what was the need that drove people to develop it, timelines and significant people involved in its development) Solar Panels were discovered in 1839, during the Industrial Revolution when French physicist Alexandre Edmond Becquerellar demonstrated the ability of a solar cell to convert sunlight into electricity; known as the photovoltaic effect. About four decades later, American inventor Charles Fritts created the world’s first rooftop solar array in New York in 1883. However, the process of how light produces electricity wasn’t understood until Albert Einstein wrote a paper explaining the photoelectric effect in 1905. Together Becquerellar and Einstein formed the basis for the future in solar development. ( History of Solar Power - IER (instituteforenergyresearch.org) C. The application (commercial/military, what industry/industries use it? how is it used?, etc.) of your technology Solar energy is environmentally friendly technology, a great energy supply and one of the most significant renewable and green energy sources. Solar energy technology and its roles in sustainable development | Clean Energy | Oxford

Assignment 2 - Outline 11 Academic (oup.com) WHO uses it Industries that Benefit from Solar Energy Systems | SolarNRG D. III. The Conclusion Section: this section should contain four to six points that sum up the main points from the body of the outline. 1. Start your conclusive section with one sentence summarizing some basic information about your chosen technology. 2. Summarize the way that it works, the history and future of it's development. 3. Wrap up the conclusive section with a closing note that provides brief information about a unique fact your chosen technology. References

Assignment 2 - Outline 12 Britannica, T. Editors of Encyclopaedia (2023, May 5). solar panel. Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/technology/solar-panel.

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