final assignment 2 code

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Conestoga College *

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8021

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Electrical Engineering

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Apr 3, 2024

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1 Assignment 2 Applied Electrical Motion and Control Management, Conestoga College ELEC8021 - Fall 2023 - Section 2: Electrical Code for Engineers Course Instructor – Krunal Patel Assignment Due Date – December 4 1. Define the following terms I. Difference between Isolating switch and circuit Breaker –

2 Electrical devices that regulate the flow of electricity in a circuit include circuit breakers and isolating switches. They are made to function differently and serve distinct functions, though. A circuit's portion can be isolated from the rest of the electrical system using insulating switches. They should only be used when the circuit is de-energized since they are not intended to stop current flow when under load. In high-voltage applications like distribution substations and power transmission lines, isolating switches are commonly employed. The purpose of circuit breakers is to safeguard a circuit from overcurrent situations. They can be used to guard against overload and short-circuit failures since they have the ability to stop current flow while under stress. Typically, circuit breakers are utilised in lower-voltage applications like those found in homes and businesses. Examples of isolating switches are - Disconnect switches, Knife switches and Gang- operated switches. Examples of circuit breakers are - Miniature circuit breakers (MCBs), Molded case circuit breakers (MCCBs), Air circuit breakers (ACBs), Vacuum circuit breakers (VCBs). II. Equipment Protection level – An equipment protection level (EPL) is a rating that defines the level of protection an electrical device needs to have to safely operate in a hazardous location. EPLs are mentioned with specifications in the Canadian Electrical Code, Part I (CEC) in Tables 18 and 18A.

3 The EPL of a device depends on the type of hazardous location it will be used in and also on the type of flammable material it is likely to be exposed to. There are six EPLs, ranging from EPL Ga to EPL Gb. EPL Ga is the lowest level of protection and is required for devices that are not likely to be exposed to flammable materials. EPL Gb is the highest level of protection and is required for devices that are likely to be exposed to flammable materials in high concentrations. Here are some examples of EPLs for specific types of electrical devices: A motor that is used to drive a pump in a gasoline storage tank would need to have an EPL of EPL Gb. A control panel that is located in a grain elevator would need to have an EPL of EPL Fb. A lighting fixture that is used in a paint booth would need to have an EPL of EPL Ga. III. Explosive Atmosphere – An explosive atmosphere is a combination of air and combustible materials concentrated enough to ignite quickly and violently. For instance: One place where an explosive environment may be present is a grain elevator. Grain dust is an easily ignited combustible substance. Grain dust has the potential to erupt in the air if it is present in high enough concentration. Reference: CSA C22.1:21 Canadian Electrical Code, Part I, Section 18.

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4 There are two types of possible explosive environments. One of them is a gas or vapour atmosphere which contains flammable gases or vapours which includes flammable gases and vapours which are methane, propane, and petrol. Another is Dusty atmospheres like environments where combustible dusts are present. Wood dust, sugar dust, and grain dust are a few types of combustible dusts. There are explosive environments in many different sectors, such as: Gas and oil: pipelines, gas plants and oil refineries. Chemicals: transportation, storage, and chemical plants. Food and beverage: Grain elevators, flour mills, and sugar refineries. Woodworking: Sawmills, woodworking shops, and furniture factories. Agriculture: Grain storage facilities, barns, and feed mills. IV. Flammable limits: Flammable limits, also known as explosive limits, are the concentration ranges of a flammable gas or vapor in air that will burn or explode when ignited. These limits are typically expressed as a percentage of the flammable gas or vapor in air by volume. For example: The lower flammable limit (LFL) is the minimum concentration of a flammable gas or vapor in air that will burn or explode when ignited. The upper flammable limit (UFL) is the maximum concentration of a flammable gas or vapor in air that will burn or explode when ignited. For example, the LFL of methane in air is 5.0% and the UFL is 15.0%. This means that a mixture of 5.0% to 15.0% methane in air will burn or explode when ignited. Reference’s C22.1:21 Canadian Electrical Code, Part I, Section 18, Subsection 18-2

5 V. Intrinsically safe circuit and electrical system – An intrinsically safe circuit is a circuit in which any spark or heat effect generated under specified conditions, including routine operation and specified fault situations, is incapable of igniting a given explosive environment. An intrinsically safe is an assemblage of linked electrical equipment detailed in a descriptive system document, in which the circuits or sections of circuits designed for operation in a hazardous site are inherently safe. 2. Find out the ampacity of a feeder circuit, contactor rating and maximum overcurrent device rating supplying 10 Amps capacitor. Cite a rule? Ans. For a Feeder Circuit - As per Rule 26-208, ampacity shall be not less than 135% of the rated current of capacitor. So, 10 x 1.35 = 13.5 A For a Contactor rating Open Type Contactor - As per Rule 26-216, ampacity shall be not less than 135% of the rated capacitor current So, 10 x 1.35 = 13.5 A Enclosed Type Contactor - As per Rule 26-216, ampacity shall be not less than 150% of the rated capacitor current. So, 10 x 1.5 = 15 A For Overcurrent Device - as per Rule 26-210, ampacity shall not exceed 250% of the rated current of the capacitor. So, 10 x 2.5 = 25 A

6 3. Describe requirements for transformer nameplates with examples. Ans . For any Electrical installations or electrical equipment, labelling, such as transformers and motors, is critical for safety, identification, and compliance with electrical rules and standards. The Canadian Electrical Code (CEC) Rule 2-100 specifies the criteria for nameplates on electrical equipment. As an example, the specifications for transformer nameplates are outlined below: Nameplate requirements (Rule 2-100) 1. Identification of Manufacturer: The nameplate has to contain the brand name, a trademark, or other means of identification of the electrical equipment's maker or supplier. 2. Electrical ratings: The electrical ratings of the equipment must be displayed on the nameplate. This normally comprises voltage rating, current rating (in amperes or kilovolt-amperes), and frequency (in hertz) for a transformer. 3. Model or Type designation: The nameplate should include the model or type identifier of the device. This helps determine the exact transformer or motor model or type. 4. Serial number: A unique serial number or identifier for the individual equipment may be required. This aids in tracking and traceability. 5. Rated load in kVA: The rated load in kilovolt-amperes (kVA) and the accompanying voltage and current should be demonstrated on the nameplate.

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7 6. Connection Diagram: A connection diagram or schematic may be published on the nameplate if applicable to aid in correctly installing and connecting the equipment. 7. Impedance or Efficiency: Information concerning impedance and efficiency may be displayed on the nameplate of a transformer, which is necessary for recognizing the transformer's performance characteristics. 8. Tap Changer: If the transformer has a tap changer, it will be stated on the nameplate. A tap changer allows modest modifications to the turn ratio to adapt to fluctuations in the input voltage. 9. Year of manufacturer: The year the transformer went into production is mentioned. Below is the example of a transformer nameplate.

8 Figure 1 Name Plate of Power Transformer (Image credit : DAEL IM Transformer) Brand DAEL IM Transformer Year of Manufacture 2021 Application Power Transformer Number of Phases 3-phase Rated Power 1500 kVA Method of Cooling ONAN Voltage Ratio 22 kV/ 0.43 kV Tapping Range +- 5% Impedance 5.38 % Frequency 50 Hz Total Weight 4200 kg

9 This transformer nameplate complies with Rule 2-100 as it provides the necessary details for identification, electrical ratings, and safety considerations. This information can be used by inspectors and electricians to verify that the transformer is installed and used in accordance with its specified parameters.

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10 References 1. Image Source of Transformer https://www.daelimtransformer.com/how-to-read- a-transformer-nameplate-daelim-belefic.html 2. CSA Group. (n.d.). Product - CSA Group. https://www.csagroup.org/store/product/CSA%20C22.1:21/