Morgan Ecology Doc SW

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School

Illinois State University *

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Course

201

Subject

Electrical Engineering

Date

Apr 3, 2024

Type

docx

Pages

Uploaded by DeaconLightningHare23

Last name, First Name: ______________________________ Lab Section (circle one): Mon Tues Weds Thurs Directions: This completed assignment is due Friday March 8 th at the start of lecture, and you are free to turn it in early . You should complete this on a computer, print, and turn in a hard copy. If you follow directions, you should have one page printed. If you end up using two pages, make sure you have stapled this! Your answers must be your own and in your own words. (20 pts total) 1) What observed phenomenon does the Feeding Constraint Hypothesis explain? (3pts) - The observed phenomenon that the Feeding Constraint Hypothesis explains is that time is minimized in behavior of certain species. 2) What is the Feeding Constraint Hypothesis, in your own words, and phrased as a hypothesis. (3pts) - According to the Feeding Constraint Hypothesis, a parent's ability to feed their offspring is affected by outside variables including the availability of food and their physical ability to carry food to the nest. An organism's physical and behavioral characteristics mostly change in response to its food requirements and the difficulties involved in eating. - Hypothesis: Parental birds increase their foraging effort as the nutritional needs of their brood increases. 3) Given the Feeding Constraint Hypothesis, how would you expect mortality to differ between synchronous and asynchronous broods i) when nestlings are young, and ii) when nestlings are old? (4pts) i) When nestlings are young: mortality may be higher in synchronous broods due to the high demand for food, while mortality in asynchronous broods lead to higher mortality, due to competition. ii) When nestlings are old: mortality may be higher in synchronous broods due to the increase in food demand, while mortality in asynchronous broods may be lower due to the older nestlings becoming more independent. 4) How would you describe the relationship between load size (how much food parents bring) and the age of the oldest nestling in a pied flycatcher nest? (3 pts) - As the oldest nestling gets older, the load size will likely continue to get larger. This is because older offspring have higher demands, so their parents must gather more food to meet their needs. However, if the parents' physical limits or decreasing food supply offsets the older nestling's increased nutritional needs, this association may plateau or even decline. 5) Why are large prey less profitable than small prey for small nestlings? (3pts) - Large prey are less profitable than small prey for small nestlings due to the prey being harder to handle and consume, risks of consuming, such as choking, and requires more energy. 6) If you sampled insect abundance around a flycatcher nest when nestlings were old (after parents had foraged for a number of days), where would you expect small insect density to be the highest and lowest? (2pts)

Last name, First Name: ______________________________ Lab Section (circle one): Mon Tues Weds Thurs - I would expect the small insect density to be the highest in further away areas from the flycatcher and lowest in the area of the flycatcher nest. 7) How would you expect patterns to be different if parent birds were not central place foragers? For example if they carried nestlings with them? (2pts) - If parent birds were not central place foragers and carried their nestling with them, I would expect the patterns of energy to increase, foraging to decrease, and more feeding time for their nestlings. But, I also would expect more risks for their nestlings due to changes in physical and behavioral traits of the species.

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