lab 4 ee97

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Electrical Engineering

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Apr 3, 2024

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1 Lab 4 EE97 Spring 2024 Thursday 1.30 - 4.15 PM Lab 4: Function Generator and Oscilloscope Samal Maleesha Wijendra Partner: John Wu Submission Date:___________________ 03/02/2A

2 Lab 4 Learning objectives After completing this lab, students should be able to Be familiar with the usage of a function generator and oscilloscopes. For the function generator, students should know how to select a signal waveform, frequency, amplitude, and DC offset. For the oscilloscope, students should know how to configure the oscilloscope (vertical, horizontal, and trigger) for showing a stable waveform on the screen. Experiment 1: Displaying and Measuring a Waveform Part 1: Set the function generator to 1kHz frequency and it’s Vpp to 1V with 0 offset. Part 2: Turn on the oscilloscope. Part 3: Connect the function generator output probes with oscilloscope while remembering the ground wires to be connected respectively.

3 Lab 4 Part 4: There should be no proper wave in the display. Part 5: Set the following settings in the scope Coupling=DC, Impedance = 1MΩ, Invert=off, Bandwidth=full, … More=(…Offset=0V, Position=0div, Probe Setup=10X …). Make sure the probe that you are using is a 10× probe.

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4 Lab 4 Part 6: Turn the vertical group scale of probe 1 to set each vertical division to be 200mV. Part 7: Turn the horizontal group scale of probe 1 to set each horizontal division to be 200µs

5 Lab 4 Part 8: Open the trigger menu and make sure source 1 is selected. Part 9: Make sure mode button set to “Auto” mode.

6 Lab 4 Part 10: What is the Vpp and does it match the function generator? Yes Vpp from scope = 1.028V = Function generator = 1V Make sure to set the function generator to High z using utility

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7 Lab 4 Part 11: Observe the triangular and square wave forms by selecting the appropriate buttons in function generator.

8 Lab 4 Experiment 2: Experimenting with the Trigger Controls Understand the vertical controls of the scope. Part 1: Make sure that we have a proper sinusoidal wave. Part 2: Push the trigger-group Menu button and select any source other than 1 on the on-screen menus. Explain why the wave becomes unstable? When we select a different source for triggering, it does not trigger the initial wave so that it starts to update frequently. That’s why it becomes unstable. Part 3: Push the trigger-group Menu button and press the lower-bezel button for Slope. This should switch from positive slope to negative slope. Observe the waveform.

9 Lab 4 Part 4: Observe the trigger point (T) position with respect to the movement of horizontal group position knob. Part 5: Change the trigger level by turning the trigger-group level knob. Why the waveform becomes unstable ones the trigger level horizontal line goes above or below the wave? The function of the trigger is to capture the wave at a single given time respect to a selected voltage and the horizontal line is responsible for the voltage selection. Ones we go out of the wave, trigger doesn’t understand where to capture the wave. That’s why it becomes unstable.

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10 Lab 4 Part 6: Push the trigger-group Menu button and the lower-bezel Mode button. From the right-bezel menu select the Normal option. Repeat the above step. Under these settings, when the trigger button moves out of the wave, it doesn’t get unstable because it captures the last triggering point. Experiment 3: Experimenting with the Vertical Controls Understand the vertical controls of the scope. Part 1: Adjust Vpp to 10V. What Scale setting (in V/div) do you need here? Set it to 2V = so each section is 2V. We notice the wave covers 5 sections total (2.5 up and 2.5 down) What about when the Vpp set to 1V: Set it to 0.2V = so each section is 0.2V. Part 2: Observe the position of the zero-reference voltage level with indicator 1. Indicator 1 is in the middle by the 0 voltage level.

11 Lab 4 Part 3: Adjust the vertical Position knob and observe the up/down shifting of the waveform. Wave can be adjusted up or down and indicator 1 goes up and down with the wave. Part 4: Set function generators Voffset to 1V and observe the wave in scope. How do we measure and verify the value in this case in the scope? We can use the horizontal cursors and measure the initial position of the wave and the shifted position of the wave.

12 Lab 4 Part 5: Set the channel 1 coupling option to AC and observe the wave. Explain the change of the waveform when you select the AC option. Why doesn't the waveform shift up or down as before? Since we changed the coupling to AC, it blocks the dc part and start showing the AC part while centering it in the middle of the 0 reference point. Because of that wave will not shift up or down. Experiment 4: Experimenting with the Horizontal Controls Understand the horizontal controls of the scope. Part 1: Verify the frequency of the wave is 1kHz. Period of the wave is 1ms. (measured using the vertical cursors) f = 1/t = 1/1ms = 1kHz

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13 Lab 4 Part 2: Set the horizontal scale to 1µs/div (or 800ns/div) and 40ms/div. observe the wave Part 3: Set up the function generator Vpp to 5V and 37kHz. Period = 1/f = 1/37kHz = 27µs We have 10 sections so we need at least 6µs per each division (27•2 = 54µs/10)

14 Lab 4 Part4: From the waveform and the sweep rate, verify the frequency of the signal is 37kHz. From vertical cursors we get the period as 27µz which transforms to frequency as indeed 37kHz. Experiment 5: Create a random function in the function generator and set scope to form where it is harder to identify the wave. Let the lab partner figure a stable proper wave generated in the scope. • Change the trigger source to channel 1. • Move the vertical and horizontal scale knobs to get a proper picture of the wave. • Use the trigger position button to move the trigger and stabilize the wave. • Use the cursors (vertical and horizontal) to calculate Vpp and period. • Check if theres any offset from wave indicator on the left side of the screen. Wave was set to 500Hz and 20Vpp

15 Lab 4 Experiment 6: Experiment 2 waves in the scope at the same time. Part 1: Set up the function generator to Vpp to 1v and frequency to 1kHz. Part 2: Connect the SYNC output from the function generator to the channel 2 probe.

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16 Lab 4 Part 3: Set the trigger source to channel 1 and adjust the scope’s trigger control and see if you can stabilize both waveforms on the scope screen. Part 4: Repeat step 3 above except using channel 2 as the trigger source.

17 Lab 4 Part 5: Connect the channel 2 to calibration signal from the scope and set the trigger source to channel 2. Part 6: Measure the frequency of the calibration wave and set the function generator to the same frequency. Period of the calibration wave is 906µs. Frequency = 1/906µs = 1.1037527kHz = set the same value

18 Lab 4 Part 7: Use the trigger controls and try to stabilize both at the same time. Write the observation. It’s not possible to properly stabilize both at the same time. Reason should be because we are trying to capture a single given time of the wave, since both waves are not synchronized properly, it’s not possible to capture using the trigger. Part 8: Use the single button in triggering section. By single button stops everything and it helps to measure everything.

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