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577A
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Electrical Engineering
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Apr 3, 2024
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1) (12 Points) Short answer questions. a) (2 Points) William Shockley called it “A Magnificent Christmas Gift”? What event was he referring to and in which year was this? It was the first point-contact transistor and was shown to the directors at Bell Labs on 23rd December1947. b) (2 Points) It was an empirical prediction, yet the industry now calls it Moore’s Law. What is the key observation in this law? The number of transistors in a semiconductor chip will approximately double every 24 months. c) (2 Points) What is Dennard Scaling? Dennard scaling is a scaling law that states that as transistors get smaller in successive process nodes the power density stays constant. Based on a 1974 paper co-authored by Robert H. Dennard. d) (2 Points) As we move down in process geometries, there have been a number of ways companies have tried to quantify the process node geometry. Provide two examples of metrics used to quantify the process geometry. The length of the gate and the pitch (or half-pitch) of the metal one layer. e) (2 Points) What do FF, SS, SF,FS, TT process corners represent? Explain. FF: Fast-Fast, SS: Slow-Slow, SF: Slow-Fast, FS: Fast-Slow, TT: Typical. The first letter refers to NMOS and the second letter refers to PMOS. For example, ‘FS’ implies there are global process variations that have resulted in all NMOSs being Faster and all PMOSs being Slower that the nominal (typical) case. Note that process corners induce global variations whereas factors like random dopant fluctuation create local variations. It is more difficult to mitigate local variations as opposed to global variations. f) (2 Points) The EDA (electronic design automation) industry greatly benefited as we followed the path of Moore’s Law with shrinking process nodes. Provide two examples of tools that automated tasks previously done manually/semi-manually. Synthesis tools (from RTL -> gate), Place-and-Route tools, circuit extraction, design-rule-checkers (DRC tools), layout-vs-schematic (LVS) tools.
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Related Questions
6-If the collector resistance is shorted,the ac output voltage will
a-Decrease.
b-Increase.
c-Remain the same.
9 d-Equal zero.
7-If input impedance of the second stage decreases, the voltage gain of the first stage will
a-Decrease.
b-Increase.
c-Remain the same.
d-Equal zero.
8-If the load resistance of second stage opens, the voltage gain of the first stage will
a-Decrease.
b-Increase.
c-Remain the same.
d-Equal zero.
9-The feedback resistor
a-Increases voltage gain.
b-Reduces distortion.
c-Increases collector resistance.
d-Decreases input impedance.
10-when the emitter resistance Rp doubles the ac emitter resistance
a-Increases.
b-decreases.
c-Remains the same.
d-Cannot be determined.
11-To reduce the distortion in a CE amplifier, reduce the
a-DC emitter current.
b-Base-emitter voltage.
c-Collector current.
d-AC base voltage.
12-The output voltage of a CE amplifier is
a-Amplified.
b-Inverted.
c-180° out of phase with the input.
d-All of the above.
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1.
The following questions refer to the circuit shown below.
a) What do the areas of the circuit labeled "., ", and" do?
b) Explain the operation of the circuit, beginning on the left (please be specific, do
not include the motor or the AC source)
c) How would you wire this circuit to a load and a 120VRMS source (note: "N" is Neutral or GND)
To
Load
IL
"A"
56R
240R
33RI
V1
5v
立三立
120Vrms
160HZ
0°
33nFi
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a. OV
b.
Once the TRIAC is turned on, it can only be turned off by.
a. Removing gate voltage.
b.
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a.
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b.
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c.
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d.
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e.
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b. can be used in ac circuits
c. are bidirectional
d. all of the above
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a. Diodes
b. Transistors
c. Vacuum Tubes
d. Thyristors
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a. with power off
b. with multimeter set to the diode or high resistance function
c. With the SCR leads isolated
d. All of the above
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a. SCR
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c. SCS
d. DIAC
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b. SCS
c. TRIAC
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d. power supply voltage
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a. DIAC
b. TRIAC
c. UJT
d. SCR
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a. To be more negative than the anode
b. To be more positive than the cathode
c. To be more positive than the anode
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For proper operation of the transistor,
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a. Very small size
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d. Proper reverse bias
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of any Field Effect Transistor?
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drive.
b) MOSFET switches are suitable for high power application.
c) In alternative current circuits, SCR turns off as the current tends to change its polarity (natural
commutation).
F
=
d
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