LAB#4

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ET302

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Electrical Engineering

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Apr 3, 2024

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Uploaded by DoctorWolverine4178

Electric Circuit & System AMET-115 LAB #4

LAB#4 2 Student names and numbers: 1. 2. 3. Date: Section: Objectives: • examining basic series and parallel DC circuits with resistors. Key elements are Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law (that the sum of voltage rises around a loop must equal the sum of the voltage drops) and Kirchhoff’s Current Law (that the sum of currents entering a node must equal the sum of the currents exiting that node). The voltage divider rule will also be investigated. Required Components and Instruments • DC Power supply • Digital Multi-meter (DMM) • Resistor, 1 k Ω, 2 k Ω, 5.1 k Ω • Breadboard Complete all tables and results, and make the report based on the template format and upload your report on Assignment folder lab#4.

Procedure: Part 1- Series Circuits 1. Find three resistors 𝑅 1 = 1 K Ω , 𝑅 2 = 2.2 K Ω , 𝑅 3 = 3.3 K Ω 2. Set the DMM to measure the resistance. Measure R1 , R2 ,and R3 resistances and enter the values in Result Sheet (T4.1) 3. Place 𝑅 1 , 𝑅 2 , 𝑅 3 in SERIES on the breadboard. (See FIGURE 4.1 ) 4. Determine the theoretical total resistance ( 𝑅 𝑇 ) of the circuit and record it in T4.2, column 1 . Based on breadboard T4.1 Color code Measured value by DMM 𝑅 1 = 1 K Ω 𝑅 2 = 2.2 K Ω 𝑅 3 = 3.3 K Ω Figure 4.1 LAB#4 A B C D

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5. With a DMM still set to measure the resistance, connect the leads to points A and D (Figure 4.2) to measure, the resistance between A and D (Total Resistance, 𝑅 𝑇 ). Record it in T4.2, column 2 . Find the Error % of 𝑅 𝑇 and write it down in T4.2, column 3 . 6. Set the DMM to measure voltage. Turn on the power supply and connect the DMM to the power Supply (Figure 4.3). Make sure the CURRENT knob is fully clockwise. Slowly increase the voltage to 10V. ( Seen on the DMM). Switch off the supply. 4 2W Figure 4.2 10.0 v LAB#4 Figure 4.3

7. Construct the circuit shown in Figure 4.4. Ammeter must be connected in Series with all components in order to measure the current properly. 8. Calculate the theoretical value of the total current ( 𝐼 𝑇 ) and record it in T4.2, column 4 . 5 Figure 4.4 DC Ammeter LAB#4

6 LAB#4 Figure 4.5

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9. Turn on the power supply and read the measurement on the Ammeter. Record this measurement in T4.2, column 5 . Calculate the ERROR% of the current and write it down in T4.2, column 6 . 10. Disconnect the Ammeter from circuit. Now your circuit will be as figure 4.6 7 LAB#4 Total Resistance ( 𝑹 𝑻 ) Theoretical Total Resistance ( 𝑹 𝑻 ) Measured Error % ( 𝑹 𝑻 ) Total Current ( 𝑰 𝑻 ) Theoretical Total Current ( 𝑰 𝑻 ) Measured Error % ( 𝑰 𝑻 ) Column 1 Column 2 Column 3 Column 4 Column 5 Column 6 T4.2 Figure 4.6

11. Determine the theoretical value of voltage drops across each resistance and enter the values in T4.3, Column 1 . 12. Set the DMM to measure DC voltage. Remember, voltage is measured across components. Place the DMM probes across 𝑅 1 , and measure its voltage. Again, red lead should be placed closer to the positive source terminal. Record this value in T4.3, Column 2 . Repeat this process for the voltages across 𝑅 2 , and 𝑅 3 . Determine the ERROR % between theoretical value (True value) and measured value of each voltage drop and write them in T4.3, Column 3 . 13. Measure the voltage between point A and C ( 𝑉 ?? ) and record it on T4.3 column 2 . 14. Use the Voltage divider formula to find the theoretical voltage between A and C and write it down in T4.3 column 1 . Determine the ERROR% and write in T4.3 column 3 . 8 LAB#4

15. To find 𝑉 ?? , place the red probe on point B and the black probe on point D (Reference or GND). Record this value (T4.3, column 2 ) and its theoretical value ( T4.3, column 2 ) and ERROR% ( T4.3, column 3). 9 Voltage Drop (Theoretical) Voltage Drop (Measured) Error % Column 1 Column 2 Column 3 𝑉 𝑅 1 𝑉 𝑅 2 𝑉 𝑅 3 𝑉 ?? 𝑉 ?? T4.3 LAB#4

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Part 2- Parallel Circuits 16. Place 𝑅 1 = 1 K Ω , 𝑅 2 = 2.2 K Ω , 𝑅 3 = 3.3 K Ω in Parallel on the bread board (Figure 4.6 ) 17. Determine the theoretical total resistance ( 𝑅 𝑇 ) and record it in T4.4 column 1 . 18. Set the DMM to measure the resistance, connect the leads to point A and B to measure the total resistance ( 𝑅 𝑇 ) between points A and B. Record it in T4.4 column 2 . Find the Error % of RT and write it down in T4.4 column 3 . 10 LAB#4 Figure 4.6

19. Set the DMM to measure voltage. and make sure the voltage supply is still set to voltage of 10V. (Seen on the DMM). Switch off the supply. 20. Construct the circuit shown in FIGURE 4.7. ( Ammeter must be connected in Series with the power supply Vs in order to measure the current properly. ) 11 LAB#4 Figure 4.7 DC Ammeter

21. Calculate the theoretical value of the total current (IT) and record it in T4.4, column 4. 22. Turn on the power supply and read the measurement on the Ammeter. Record this measurement in T4.4, column 5 . Calculate the ERROR% of the current and write it down in T4.4, column 6 . 23. Determine the theoretical value of current of each resistance and enter the values in T4.5, Column 1 . 12 LAB#4 Total Resistance ( 𝑹 𝑻 ) Theoretical Total Resistance ( 𝑹 𝑻 ) Measured Error % ( 𝑹 𝑻 ) Total Current ( 𝑰 𝑻 ) Theoretical Total Current ( 𝑰 𝑻 ) Measured Error % ( 𝑰 𝑻 ) Column 1 Column 2 Column 3 Column 4 Column 5 Column 6 T4.4

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24. Turn off the power supply. Remove the Ammeter and connect the power supply directly to point A. Cut open the R1 branch and place the Ammeter in series with R1 as shown in FIGURE 4.8. Remember, current is measured in series with the component 25. Turn on the supply. Measure the current in R1 ( 𝐼 1 )and record it on T4.5 column 2 . Find the ERROR% in column 4 . 26. Repeat Step 24 and 25 for the second branch for 𝑅 2 (Figure 4.9) and third branch for 𝑅 3 (Figure 4.10). 13 Figure 4.8 LAB#4