Week 1 Lab 2 Oscilloscope Lab OGAbzun

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ECPI University, Manassas *

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Electrical Engineering

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Feb 20, 2024

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Electric Circuits Lab Lab 2: Oscilloscope I. Objectives :  Familiarize with Oscilloscope functions for both Tektronix and native Multisim Oscilloscopes.  Familiarize with function generator.  Use the oscilloscope for DC & AC voltage measurements. II. Parts List :  DC Power Supply, Function generator, DMM, Oscilloscope.  Resistors (1) 1kΩ, (1) 2kΩ. III. Procedures : Part I: Oscilloscope operation: In this section, the instructor will present the theory of operation of the oscilloscope and its main functions in circuit measurements. You may want to refer the operating manual for detailed explanation of the oscilloscope functions. (Your oscilloscope model may be different than the one shown below) Figure 1. Tektronix Oscilloscope 1

Part II: DC Voltage measurement: 1. Connect the circuit shown in Figure 2. 2. Calculate the current flowing in the circuit, I = ____________. I=V/R= 12/1000= 0.012 A 3. Calculate the voltage across R 1 , V R1 = ___________. V=I*R= 0.012 x 1000= 12 V 4. Measure the voltage across R 1 using DMM, V R1 = 12 V. 5. Measure the current flowing in the circuit using DMM, I = 12 mA VS 12 V R1 1.0kΩ Figure 2. Circuit Diagram 2

6. Turn on your oscilloscope. 7. Set the coupling to ‘GND’, as shown in Figure 3. Figure 3. Oscilloscope screen with GND Coupling 8. Connect CH1 probe across the resistor. Make sure the ground lead is connected to the power supply ground. 9. Set CH1 VOLTS/DIV to 5 VOLTS/DIV. 10. Set CH1 coupling to ‘DC’. 11. The waveform observed should be similar to Figure 4. 3

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Figure 4. Oscilloscope screen with DC measurement 12. Measure the voltage across R 1 using oscilloscope, V R1 12V. 4

13. Modify the circuit by placing 2kΩ resistor in series with 1kΩ, as shown in figure 5 below. VS 12 V R1 1.0kΩ R2 2kΩ Figure 5. Series circuit 14. Measure the voltage across R 1 using oscilloscope, V R1 = 4V. 15. Measure the voltage across R 2 using oscilloscope, V R2 = 8V. 5

Part III: AC Voltage measurement: 1. Set your function generator to a 1 Vrms sinusoidal waveform with a frequency of 1 kHz. 2. Calculate the peak-to-peak voltage for this waveform. V pk-pk = 2.5 V 3. Measure the signal voltage using your DMM, V s (DMM) = 62.02 uV. 4. Connect your oscilloscope to the function generator. 5. Adjust the scope to display the waveform as shown in Figure 6 below. Figure 6. Oscilloscope screen with AC measurement 6

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Assignment:  Change the settings of your VOLTS/DIV for CH1 to 1 VOLT/DIV  Count the vertical divisions.  Calculate the peak-to-peak voltage:  V pk-pk = (Number of divisions) x (Volts/DIV)=2.5V  Change the settings of your VOLTS/DIV for CH1 to 2 VOLT/DIV  Count the vertical divisions  Calculate the peak-to-peak voltage:  V pk-pk = (Number of divisions) x (Volts/DIV)= 5 V  Change the settings of your SEC/DIV to 250µs/DIV  Count the horizontal divisions for one cycle  Calculate the time period:  T= (Number of divisions) x (SEC/DIV)= 2*0.000250= .0005 sec  Calculate the frequency F=1/t= 2000Hz  Change the settings of your SEC/DIV to 1ms/DIV  Count the horizontal divisions for one cycle  Calculate the time period:  T= (Number of divisions) x (SEC/DIV)= 10*.001= 0.01  Calculate the frequency F= 1/t= 100 hz.  Compare your results to the automatic ‘Measure’ function of the scope.  Use the cursor function on the scope to measure the peak-to-peak voltage and period. 7

Part IV: AC Voltage measurement: 1. Modify the circuit by replacing the DC source with the AC source as shown in figure 7 below. R1 1.0kΩ R2 2kΩ VS 1 Vrms 1kHz 0° Figure 7. Series circuit 2. Measure the voltage across R 1 using oscilloscope, V R1 = 405.758 mV. 3. Measure the voltage across R 2 using oscilloscope, V R2 = 811.515 mV. Part V: The Native Multisim Oscilloscope 1. Connect the circuit shown in Figure 8. Set the function generator to a sinusoidal waveform with a frequency of 100 Hz, a peak amplitude of 10 V P , and 0 V DC offset. Figure 8. Series Circuit 2. Place the oscilloscope and digital multimeter (DMM) as shown in Figure 9. The DMM should be set to read AC volts. The oscilloscope should be set to 5 ms/Div under time base and 2 V/Div for Channel A. It should also be set to AC mode. 8

Figure 9. Test equipment setup 3. Run the Multisim simulation and record the DMM reading. DMM Reading: 147.578 V 4. Measure the period (T), amplitude of peak voltage (V p ), amplitude of peak-to-peak voltage (V pp ). T= 2.5sec , VP= 4.976v Vpp= 9.947V 5. Set the function generator to each value listed in Table 1. You will have to change both the vertical and horizontal scales to make the measurements. Record the number of vertical oscilloscope peak to peak divisions the signal is deflected, the peak voltage (using the cursors), and the peak-to-peak voltage (using the cursors). Finally, record the DMM reading. 9

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Function Generator Settings Oscilloscope DMM Voltage Frequency Voltage, V p Volts/ Div Deflection V p V pp V RMS 100 Hz 10 V 2 5 Div. 4.992 V 9.985 V 3.535 V RMS 500 Hz 20 V 5 5 Div 9.939 V 19.916V 7.07 V RMS 1 kHz 30 V 10 10 Div 14.408V 29.821V 10.605 V RMS 2 kHz 50 V 10 10 Div 24.248 V 49.558 V 17.675 V RMS Table 1. AC Oscilloscope Measurements Part VI: Understanding DC Offset and AC and DC measurement modes. Figure 10. DC Offset Circuit 1. Connect the circuit in Figure 10. 2. Set one DMM to read AC volts and one DMM to read DC volts. 3. Set the Function Generator to 100 Hz, 10 V P , 10 V offset as shown. 4. Both channels A and B of the oscilloscope will be across R1. Set the oscilloscope time base to 5 ms/Div. Set Channel A settings to 10 V/Div and AC coupling. Set Channel B settings to 10 V/Div and DC coupling. 5. Run the simulation and place your screenshot below. 10

6. Explain what you observe and why for the following instrument displays: a. DMM AC mode: 7.071 Volts – AC voltage has a higher peak value but the same peak and it not going negative. The AC current frequency the AC voltage stays between 0 to 1 11

b. DMM DC mode: 10 Volts = DC power has a peak value positive and the same negative. DC voltage c. Oscilloscope AC mode: 9.686 Volts = AC voltage stays positive d. Oscilloscope DC mode: 19.686 Volts – DC volts goes positive and negative. 12

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