Lab4XanderH

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Electrical Engineering

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Feb 20, 2024

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PHY 112 L Lab 4: Capacitive Circuits Victor Garcia, Xander Hodge, Avery Yoshino, Vicente Pacheco 1. Testable Question: 1. How does changing the voltage affect the charge of the capacitors? 2. Hypothesis: 1. The voltage increasing will increase the charge because it will allow the capacitors to charge up with a stronger current. 3. Variables: Controls: Capacitance of each capacitor Independent: Voltage Dependent: Charge 3. Design Table: i Voltage Q( mC ∗ s ¿ 1 – 8 2. Materials:  5 capacitors (different capacitance)  PASCO software  PASCO 850 interface  Resistor  PASCO current sensor  Wires with alligator clips 3. Procedures: Xander Hodge

PHY 112 L Setup Schematic: Part A 1. First, create the circuit as seen in the diagrams above. While you can make your own, following the diagrams makes this lab easier and ensures a working circuit. 2. Set up the pasco system by getting the premade pasco data collection setup from the announcements in Halo. 3. Before starting to collect data, make sure to measure the capacitance of each capacitor by either measuring it using a multimeter, or by recording the rated capacitance that is printed on each capacitor. 4. Now, you can start running a voltage through the system by closing the switch. On the graph, there should be a spike, and then a gradual decreasing curve. Wait for the curve to flatten out on the graph that pasco gives you and then record the area under the curve. Repeat this at least eight times. Part B 5. For part B keep the same circuit layout as part A. 6. Pick a voltage and keep it consistent for all of part B. Capacitance has been measured/recorded. For voltage, you can take a multimeter and record the voltage across each capacitor. 7. For measuring the charge for each capacitor, take the pasco current sensor and place it behind each capacitor. You can then measure the charge using the same pasco software set up as in the previous part. 8. Using all the recorded data, fill out the table below.

PHY 112 L 4. Data Table: Victor Garcia Experiment Data: i Voltage Q(mC*s) 1 1 85.7923 2 2 165.65 3 3 265.95 4 4 372.36 5 5 468.27 6 6 578.59 7 7 692.1 8 8 742.25 Application Data: MC i MV i CV i V MQ i CQ i Q C i (μF) V i (V) V i (V) % error Q i (mC) Q i (mC) % error Total 83,333.33 4 207.25 215.32 3% 1 100,000 1.84 1.93 4% 233.19 297.02 21% 2 100,000 1.95 2.1 7% 372.36 384.51 3% 3 25,000 2.67 3.33 19% 146 209.41 30% 4 25,000 2.67 3.33 19% 372.36 384.51 3% 5 100,000 1.22 1.54 20% 372.36 384.51 3% 5. Analysis: Avery Yoshino Experiment Analysis:

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PHY 112 L 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 f(x) = 94.61 x R² = 1 Charge(Q) vs Voltage(V) Voltage(V) Charge(Q) We used DESMOS, an online calculator to get our theoretical voltage, charge, and the percentage error for the experiment. The percentage error of our experiment came out to 13.5%. The equation that we used is ( 83,333.33 ∗ 10 − 6 ) −( 94.608 ∗ 10 − 3 ) ( 83,333.33 ∗ 10 − 6 ) × 100 . 6. Conclusion: Avery Yoshino When graphing our data, it is proven there is a linear correlation between the Charge and voltage. Which means that as the voltage increases, the charge of the capacitors will also increase due to the increase in energy that is flowing through the circuit. 7. Evaluation: Vicente Pacheco Our hypothesis was supported, “the voltage increasing will increase the charge because it will allow the capacitors to charge up with a stronger current.” The charge is directly affected by the voltage. As the voltage was increased the charge also increased. When the voltage was increased by one the charge doubled in size. In the eaquation y = 94.608x, we see that as the x (voltage) increases the y (charge) in turn also increases. Our percent error turned out to 13.5%. This is a fair level of accuracy. The MS was greater. Some things that could have been systematic errors could have been the wires or just the voltage or how we were taking the readings and tools we were using. Since the MS was greater it shows we were off somewhere. The R 2 value 0.9988, shows that the experiment had an outstanding level of precision.