M6SCI200FD

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School

Southern New Hampshire University *

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200

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Electrical Engineering

Date

Feb 20, 2024

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docx

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Uploaded by BarristerGuineaPigMaster1032

1 Planning Document Final Draft Kimberly Andersen Southern New Hampshire University SCI-200: Applied Natural Sciences Jessica Morgan February 15, 2024

2 Planning Document Final Draft My issue: The issue I have selected to investigate is ocean acidification. It's an important issue due to the copious levels of carbon dioxide that is being released and ending up into our oceans. The ocean acts as one of the world's main carbon dioxide sources. This increases a chemical reaction that makes ocean waters more and more acidic. My question: How can we lessen the amount of carbon dioxide from polluting our oceans? My science resources: 1. My first source title is: Global declines in oceanic nitrification rates as a consequence of ocean acidification I chose this source because it provides an overview of how a global decline in oceanic nitrification rates a consequence to ocean acidification, which is produced by the dissolution of carbon dioxide. It comes from an academic journal article from The National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. It is relevant to my topic and question as I plan to investigate the issue of copious amounts of carbon dioxide is affecting our oceans by making them more acidic. It also gives insight into how a dissolution of carbon dioxide can be processed. It compares to other sources as it has a broad range of information that is irrelevant to both my issue and question and gives more specifics to my studies. 2. My second source is titled: Learning to Play Well with Others: A Proposed International Solution to Mitigating Ocean Acidification I chose this source as a follow up to my question on how we can lessen or consider a solution to ocean acidification. I think it's appropriate and relevant to my issue as it gears to argue that an

3 international approach to ocean acidification is not only encouraged, but indeed necessary as this is becoming an environmental crisis. This article presents a proposal across five countries that potentially produce high rates of pollution, dependence on aquaculture, and environmentalist tendencies. It will further discuss a conclusion to a major environmental problem. This compares to my other sources as it focuses on my question and can benefit an explanation on how we can find a solution to ocean acidification that is polluting our oceans and causing harm to the wildlife that serve there. 3. My third source is titled: The Great Barrier Reef: Vulnerabilities and solutions in the face of ocean acidification. I chose this source because in my research of ocean acidification, I wanted to bring in an example of what acid in our oceans are doing, especially in an important coral reef system like the Great Barrier Reef. Coral reefs are highly vulnerable to ocean acidification and without any form of solution, we can lose the biodiversity and services related to commercial fisheries, shoreline protect, and reef-related tourism and recreation as the ocean will become inhabitable for both ocean life and humans due to the high volumes of acidity. My audience and message: I would like to present my research on ocean acidification to the audience at an open public meeting around the public, the government, and ocean experts and marine biologists who care about deeply about our oceans that would invest the time to share what the public and government aren't area about the dangers of ocean acidification. It would be important to not use extreme scientific terms that the public wouldn't understand, but it would be more effective for example to showcase how high levels of carbon dioxide is harming our oceans worldwide. Another example would be to present how decreases in carbonate ions can make building and

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4 maintaining shells and other calcium carbonate structures difficult for calcifying organisms such as oysters, clams, sea urchins, shallow water corals, deep sea corals, and calcareous plankton. Certain fish's ability to detect predators is decreased in more acidic waters. When these organisms are at risk, the entire food web may also be at risk. Ocean acidification is affecting the entire world’s oceans, including coastal estuaries and waterways. Many economies are dependent on fish and shellfish and people worldwide rely on food from the ocean as their primary source of protein. So with the understanding of the dangers of ocean acidification, using this information will help inform the audience in easier terms. Identify principles: In my research, I have identified several natural science principles related to the impacts of ocean acidification on marine wildlife and ocean-dependent human communities. One key principle is the role of carbon dioxide absorption from the atmosphere. When CO2 dissolves in seawater, it forms carbonic acid, which lowers the pH of the ocean and makes it more acidic. This process has significant implications for marine organisms, as many species rely on specific pH levels for their survival and growth. Another principle is the impact of ocean acidification on calcifying organisms, such as corals and shellfish. The increased acidity of the ocean makes it more difficult for these organisms to build and maintain their calcium carbonate structures, leading to reduced growth rates and weakened shells. This can have cascading effects on entire ecosystems, as these organisms provide essential habitats and food sources for other species. Additionally, ocean acidification can disrupt the balance of marine food webs, as some species may be more sensitive to acidification than others, leading to shifts in species composition and potential declines in biodiversity. These principles highlight the complex and interconnected nature of

5 ocean acidification and its potential impacts on both marine wildlife and ocean-dependent human communities. Explain principles: The combustion of fossil fuels leads to the release of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, which significantly contributes to damaging our oceans water. Access to clean ocean water is crucial for the well-being of marine life. The ocean plays a vital role in regulating the global climate by influencing temperature, rainfall patterns, and weather conditions. It's relevant to my question on how we can lessen the amount of carbon dioxide in our oceans waters so we can conserve sea life and human access to our oceans without harm. My experimental question and hypothesis: To know if drawing out carbon dioxide from polluting our oceans can be done in a environmentally way, a natural scientist might focus their research on a question like "How can we start to keep our oceans from being polluted by carbon dioxide?" Since our oceans are containing high amounts of CO2 and endangering marine ecosystems and human activity in the water, my hypothesis would be to reduce the amount of fossil fuel entering the waters by testing and keeping the waters clean of debris. Also to implement climate changes. My explanation: To determine how much carbon dioxide is in our waters, a natural scientist would test multiple waters from different areas/cities/states/countries to determine the levels of acid. Then by evaluating the amount of fossil fuel used in those specific areas, a natural scientist can arrange a chart to determine which areas need help in elimanting CO2 pollutions in order to keep our marine ecosystem safer and to prevent any harm to humans who partake in our ocean waters.

6 References Beman, J. M., Chow, C.-E., King, A. L., Feng, Y., Fuhrman, J. A., Andersson, A., Bates, N. R., Popp, B. N., Hutchins, D. A., & Karl, D. M. (2011). Global declines in oceanic nitrification rates as a consequence of ocean acidification. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America , 108 (1), 208–213. http://www.jstor.org/stable/25770752 Pettit, E. A. (2018). Learning to play well with others: proposed international solution to mitigating ocean acidification. Sea Grant Law & Policy Journal, 9(1), 69-[i]. Linwood Pendleton, Ove Hoegh-Guldberg, Rebecca Albright, Anne Kaup, Paul Marshall, Nadine Marshall, Steve Fletcher, Gunnar Haraldsson, Lina Hansson,The Great Barrier Reef: Vulnerabilities and solutions in the face of ocean acidification,Regional Studies in Marine Science, Volume 31, 2019, 100729https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rsma.2019.100729.

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