Reflection on the AAR paper

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1 Reflection on the AAR Dedric Johnson EMM-605-O500 Economics and Human Issues Professor Dr. Scott Downs September 6, 2023

Reflection on the AAR Introduction Reflection on Community Support from AAR The After-Action Report (AAR) is essential in improving emergency response performance (Savoia et al., 2022). First Responders can learn lessons from the way agencies tackle a disaster. Learning from experiences can help responders evade repeating errors. When a community utilizes AARs, it can gather and document the processes used during a response. AARs are needed for a community to fund, supervise, and regulate the resources it uses for emergency response (Savoia et al., 2022). Responders can determine if the way they approach an emergency is adequate. The AAR for Hurricane Katrina should address the system's communication deficits, time response, and resources. FEMA changed the way it answers and prepares for natural disasters. AARs can show the failures related to the challenges, solutions, and advances in emergency recovery. The AAR drives the change process. Then, AAR presents guidelines and recommendations to improve performance (Savoia et al., 2022). Reflection on the Value of AAR The AAR is a valuable performance review form for responders and the community. Every community needs to incorporate AARs to improve their emergency response. Without reviewing its response, a community might repeat the mists made during Katrina. AARs can show if the responders meet expectations or fall short. The community can also see what it does well (Fletcher et al., 2023). It is essential to understand what is done well and what needs improvement. An AAR can show responders lessons learned from the recovery. The goal of the AAR is to change behaviors. It shows the way the responders performed. 2

Reflection on the Practicality of AAR AARs are essential to provide valuable information to practitioners and stakeholders in the community. This information can be used to improve the performance of the responders. The evidence in the report shows that the AAR is a promising intervention for improvement (Stoto et al.,2019). As in Katrina, AARs can review incidents and use a systematic approach to find the cause of expected and unexpected events. It will show the effectiveness of the recovery action. No method is perfect, but responses have been lacking since Katrina, like in Louisianna. People speak much about New Orleans, but many other areas were affected by the same inadequate response. The AAR can be used as a review to approach the following events (Stoto et al. 2019). Reflection on Application of Lessons Learned The AAR is an effective way to review the efforts of practitioners and policymakers. The knowledge in the report can be used to learn and prepare for the subsequent responses. The information can suggest practices that will improve performance for the following tasks. AARs can be used for meaningful learning. The AAR brings focus to the event. The lessons learned are valuable to apply to a broad range of emergencies. This information is conducive to making appropriate responses in the future. It can be used to establish a framework that can facilitate change and improvements. The analysis balances the expectations and the realities of emergency response. It moved the lens to specifics and away from generalizations. Using the information in the report can help responders meet and fulfill their duties to the community. AARs help emergency responders anticipate additional needs and create processes to overcome them in the future. 3

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References Fletcher, A., Preston B., & Hoffman, M. (2023, January 12). A Better Approach to After-Action Reviews. https://hbr.org/2023/01/a-better-approach-to-after-action-reviews Savoia, E., Agboola, F., & Biddinger, P. D. (2022). Use of after-action reports (AARs) Journal of Public Health, 9(8), 2949–2963. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph9082949 Stoto, M.A., Nelson, C., Piltch-Loeb, R. (2019). Getting the most from after-action reviews to improve global health security. Global Health 15, 58 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12992-019- 0500-z World Health Organization (2019). Guidance for after-action review (AAR): World Health Organization https://globalizationandhealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12992- 019-0500-z#citeas 4

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