Economics.edited (1).edited

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1 ECONOMICS Student’s Name Institutional Affiliation Course Instructor’s Name Date

2 Economics 1. What is the potential problem with simple OLS (ordinary least squares) regression of wages on education? How does Esther Duflo’s research in Indonesia avoid this problem? OLS is a statical method regression that significantly leads to error, minimized by offering a straight line. The main problem is that it provides predictions that are not right. For example, in the relationship between education and fertility, we don't expect a woman with more than 16 years to have only one child while those with four years in education have only eight children. A perfect prediction would be women with more education will have more minor children, and vice versa is true. To avoid this problem, Ester Duflo finds the R2 value and calculates the difference between the total sum of squares (TSS) and the Explained sum of squares (ESS). 2. Programs to reduce the costs of schooling lead to higher participation rates for girls than for boys. How do you explain this? How does it relate to the education gender gap? How does it relate to the gender preferences of parents discussed in chapter 3? The major problems which prevent a girl from schooling are poverty, violence, child marriages. Thus, when they get support, they take it as a way of running away from sexual violence, from getting married. The boys are not affected by most of the effects girls face, hence some while others don't. With the increased support and the girls' commitment to school, they perform excellently as they want to run away from poverty and violence forever. This agrees with the results in the education gender gap where girls excel more than boys. It is against the

3 gender preferences of parents who prefer to educate boys more than the girl. This support has led to girls receiving legal education than boys. 3. Private net returns to education could be negative. Use the data in the figure above on human capital investment discussed in this chapter to show how this can be the case. Why might this be the case? (you need to draw the diagram) Private returns to education refer to the benefits after an extra year in education, which is increased earnings. Sometimes it is harmful because some individuals with higher education are unable to convert schooling human capital. Also, further education reduces the rate as this capacity to earn with school progression is high.

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4 The diagram above shows that the private rate is negative or very small, indicated by the small portion of personal benefits. Health Chapter 1. Briefly describe A) research design and B) main conclusions/outcomes for two studies discussed in the Health chapter: Miguel and Kremer (section on worms) and Bleakley (section on malaria control program) Experimental design, major out indicate that roundworm moderate-heavy infections had a high prevalence compared to whipworm moderate-heavy disease, which had a low value. Height for age 1999 and weight for age 1999 was negative, indicating undernutrition, while the hemoglobin concentration was low, indicating less transportation of oxygen and carbon dioxide. On the malaria control program, it was noted that both women and men responded correctly with the high prevention of malaria in all the nations under study.

5 2. Go to http://www.who.int/healthinfo/global_burden_disease/estimates_country/en/ pick two countries (one developed and one developing). Find three leading causes of death in each country. Comment briefly on your findings. In Uganda, a less developed country, death's major cause is neonatal conditions, lower respiratory infections, and stroke. This is true since most developing nations cannot cater to their treatment due to their low incomes. While in a united state, a developed country, the primary cause of death is ischaemic heart disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and stroke. These are diseases associated with money, as they are from poor eating habits. 3. a) Calculate a BMI for Larry with a height of 5’2’’ and a weight of 100lb. 5’2” = 2.4649 m2 100 lb. = 45.36 kg Thus BMI = Weight/height = 45.36/2.4649 8.44kg/m2 b) What is a relationship between BMI and health? What can you say about Larry’s health status? The higher the BMI value, the higher the risk of contracting diseases such as diabetes, cancer, and many more. He is healthy, has a low BMI value, indicating that he has a low chance of getting the infection.

6 c) What is a relationship between BMI and income levels? What can you say about Larry’s income? High BMI is prevalent at the high-income level. Since Larry has a low BMI, it is evident that he has an average or low income. Furthermore, since he has a healthier BMI, he has a high chance of his income increasing.

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7 References https://www.who.int/data/gho/data/themes/mortality-and-global-health-estimates https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/the-top-10-causes-of-death

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