ARE 115A Problem Set 4 SQ24
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115
Subject
Economics
Date
Jun 14, 2024
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5
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Name 1: Student ID 1: Name 2: Student ID 2: Name 3: Student ID 3: ARE/ECN 115A Spring
202
4
Problem Set 4. RISK, RISK TAKING AND INSURANCE Due: Thursday
, June
6
th
at 11:59 PM
Instructions
During this problem set, you will apply concepts of risk and risk preferences to explore how risk affects peoples’ choice of economic activities and their income. You will also explore how the presence of insurance – both formal insurance and informal risk sharing arrangements – can change peoples’ choice of activities and welfare. Finally, you will explore how asymmetric information can adversely affect the performance of insurance markets.
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Question 1: Risk Preferences A
lvaro
and Estela
live in the village of Los Reyes in the state of Michoacan, Mexico
1
. They
each
have zero wealth, so their consumption is equal to the income they earn from their economic activity. Each of them must choose one (and only one) of the following three activities: •
Activity 1: Full time farming. Strawberry farming is risky because of a combination of weather
and pests. Under full time farming, the farmer works 7 days per week on their farm. There is
a 67
% probability of having a GOOD harvest and a 33
% chan
c
e of having a BAD harvest. If
the harvest is GOOD, the farmer earns an income of $200. If the harvest is BAD, the farmer
earns an income of only $50.
•
Activity 2: Full time construction work. This activity has no risk. An individual who decides
to work full time in construction earns $1
44
with certainty.
•
Activity 3: Part-time farming. In this third activity, the farmer works during the week as a
strawberry farmer and works in construction during the weekend. Since he is not able to work
full time on the farm, the probability of having a GOOD harvest and earning $200 drops to
45
%, and the probability of having a BAD harvest and earning only $50 increases to 55
%. The
individual also earns $
25
with certainty as a construction worker (the person earns this $
25
from construction in addition to
his farm income under both a GOOD and BAD harvest).
(a)
What is the expected value of consumption for each activity? Report your answers in Table
1 below.
Table 1 Activity Expected Value of Consumption: E(C) 1: Full time farming 2: Full time construction work 3: Part time farming 1
Mexico has become one of the leading exporters of strawberries in the past 15 years. Michoacan is the most important strawberry producing region in Mexico.
We also know that A
lavaro
and Estela
view risk differently, and that is why they have different
utility functions (listed below). A
lvaro
:
Estela
:
?(𝐶)
=
2
𝐶
?(𝐶)
=
√𝐶 (b)
Using those utility function
s
, compute the certainty equivalent (CE), the risk premium (RP)
and expected utility (EU) associated with each of the three activities for each individual.
Report your answers in Table 2 below. Report precise final results, which means that you
should use all decimals of your intermediate results to get your final answer. Round your
final answers to TWO decimal places.
Table 2 Individual Activity EU CE RP A
lvaro
1: Full time farming A
lvaro
2: Full time construction work A
lvaro
3: Part time farming Estela
1: Full time farming Estela
2: Full time construction work Estela
3: Part time farming
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Related Questions
NOTE: Please explain what’s in the photo attached.
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7. Individual Problems 19-6
You need to hire some new employees to staff your startup venture. You know that potential employees are distributed throughout the population as
follows, but you can't distinguish among them:
Employee Value
Probability
$30,000
0.1
$49,000
0.1
$68,000
0.1
$87,000
0.1
$106,000
0.1
$125,000
0.1
$144,000
0.1
$163,000
0.1
$182,000
0.1
$201,000
0.1
The expected value of hiring one employee is $
$68,000
Suppose you set the salary of the position equal to the expected value of an employee. Assume that em
employee value.
not work for a salary below their
$49,000
$30,000
The expected value of an employee who would apply for the position, at this salary, is $
Given this adverse selection, your most reasonable salary offer (that ensures you do not lose money) is
$87,000
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(80) purchases a whole life insurance policy of 100,000 payable at the end of the year of death. You are given:
I. The policy is priced with a select period of one year.
II The select mortality rate equals 80% of the mortality rate from the Standard Ultimate Life Table.
III Ultimate mortality follows the Standard Ultimate Life Table.
i=0.05
Calculate the actuarial present value of the death benefits for this insurance.
A.58,950
B.59,050
C.59,150
D.59,250
E.59,350
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Of the methods for covering risk, which is essentially a dollar for dollar shift of consumption between periods?
A. Savings
B. Private Market Insurance
C. Social Insurance
D. Charity
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A9
Describe an example of adverse selection that we may run into in the real world.
How does adverse selection impact the policy holders for this specific type of insurance for:
High risk participants?
Low risk participants?
What is one government regulation that has been enacted in the last 20 years that helps either high risk or low risk policy holders in the United States
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(1) How would a private insurance carrier respond to a client that always took extreme risks and frequently submitted large claims?
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Continue from Question 16: You make $20,000 per year, and there's a $100 insurance
expense to mitigate a 1% risk of a $10,000 accident.
Utility without insurance and no accident = 2000
Utility without insurance with accident = 1500
What is the expected utility "without" insurance?
Utility
"2000"
"1999"
"1500"
1999
2000
1995
1500
$10,000 $19,900 $20,000
arrow_forward
___ occurs when insurance companies structure plans that provide an incentive for healthier consumers to enroll while discouraging enrollment of higher-risk individuals a. Guaranteed renewability b. Cherry-picking c. Moral Hazard d. Asymmetric Information e. Adverse Selection
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10.1
explain for me. the question is just discuss
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Risk they say it’s in every decision we make as humans. Kindly discuss a positive or negative RISK you have taken before or seen happening and its impact on you or the people that took such Risks
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Question: What are the equations for measuring return and risk?
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3
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42
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9. Comparing policies
Shopping for Life Insurance
Suppose Kim has determined that a $100,000 universal life insurance policy would best suit her needs. Tina Trustworthy, a local life insurance agent,
quoted her a monthly rate of $300. She remembers learning from her personal finance course that premiums
for
similar policies, so she plans to
Before doing anything else, she decides to consult
her Uncle Jim, an attorney, about the features of his life insurance policy. He tells Kim that he has a 10-year $200,000 term life policy.
Tina Trustworthy is the second life insurance agent Kim consulted. The first agent she saw was David Dishonestman. Kim began to suspect that rather
than trying to serve her best interests, David Dishonestman was primarily interested in earning as high a commission as possible.
Which of the following behaviors would have raised Kim's suspicions? Check all that apply.
O David Dishonestman described a policy with a high rate of interest, but it had to be purchased…
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EXERCISE 3
Directions: Identify what type of hazard are the given examples below.
Heavy, frequent or awkward lifting
Slipping
Unguarded moving machines
Human or animal blood or body fluids
Pesticides and herbicides
Your answers here:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
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2 Scenario
Your client, InsureCorp, is an insurance company considering launching an 'income insur-
ance' product in the nation of Motherland. Income insurance is a product that fully insures
a household against changes in income caused by a major injury or illness.
At present, no businesses are selling income insurance products in Motherland. Initial
market research suggests that there are 15,000 households in Motherland interested in
purchasing income insurance.
Your client expects that the fixed cost of launching the income insurance product will
be $25,000,000 per year, and that each policy issued to a customer will cost the company
an additional $2,000 in sales commissions.
2.1 Your task
Your client wants you to analyse the potential market for income insurance and report on
the following:
What is the maximum price the company can charge a household for an income
insurance policy?
What is the expected profit (or loss) for the company if it becomes a monopoly
provider of income…
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Write note on the following to develop ERM for a company:
1. Risk identification
2. Risk Assessment
3. Risk Analysis
4. Implementation
5. Monitoring
6. Evaluation
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21
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