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Economics 101: Winter 2017
UC Davis
Sketch Solutions
February 28, 2017
PART A: Multiple Choice Questions
Each question is worth 3 marks (30 marks in total).
MARK YOUR ANSWERS ON YOUR SCANTRON FORM
1. For the years 1948–1973, output per person in the private sector grew 3.3 percent. The growth contribution
from labor composition was 0.2 percent, and total factor productivity grew by 2.2 percent. What was the
growth contribution from capital per person?
(a) 1.5 percent
(b) 1.3 percent
(c) 3.2 percent
(d) 5.3 percent
(e) 0.9 percent
Answer:
(e). The growth accounting decomposition is: growth in output per person = the contribution
from capital per person + contribution of labor composition + TFP growth.
The answer is therefore:
3
.
3
-
2
.
2
-
0
.
2 = 0
.
9
2. In the Romer model, if an economy’s research share decreases, there will be:
(a) an immediate decrease in output and output growth slows
(b) an immediate increase in output but output growth slows
(c) an immediate increase in output and output growth accelerates
(d) an immediate decrease in output but output growth accelerates
(e) no change in output but output growth slows.
Answer:
(b).
The fall in the research share means more people to work in final output production.
Initially output goes up, but fewer researchers eventually means less innovation and lower growth.
3. Consider the following table and answer this question using the bathtub model of unemployment. Recall
that in the bathtub model,
U
⇤
=
¯
s
¯
L
¯
s
+
¯
f
.
Separation rate
Finding rate
Labor force
2015
2%
20%
130
2016
2.5%
15%
100
In 2015 the natural rate of unemployment is:
1
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(a) 11.8
(b) 0.2 percent
(c) 10.0 percent
(d) 90.9 percent
(e) 9.1 percent
Answer:
(e).
u
⇤
=
U
⇤
/
¯
L
= (2
/
(2 + 20)) = 0
.
091
4. Suppose a college student earns $70,000 per year after graduating and works for 45 years. The interest rate
is 2%. What is the present discounted value of their life-time earnings (assuming no growth in wages)?
(a) $0.1 million
(b) $0.4 million
(c) $2.1 million
(d) $1.8 million
(e) $23 million
Answer:
(c).
PDV
=
w
⇥
(1
-
(
1
1+
R
)
T
)
(1
-
(
1
1+
R
))
= 70000
⇥
(1
-
(
1
1
.
02
)
45
)
(1
-
(
1
1
.
02
))
= $2
.
1
million
5. In 2007, the movie Transformers generated about $27.8 million on its opening day.
In 1995, Batman
Forever generated $20 million on its opening day. The CPI in 2005 was 100, the CPI in 1995 was 78.0,
and the CPI in 2007 was 106.2. Which is the larger single-day grossing movie in 2005 dollars? And what
was the revenue of this movie in 2005 dollars.
(a) Transformers; $27.8 million
(b) Transformers; $35.6 million
(c) Batman Forever; $35.6 million
(d) Batman Forever; $27.8 million
(e) Transformers; $26.2 million
Answer:
(e). Transformers: 27
.
8
/
106
.
2
⇥
100 = 26
.
18. Batman: 20
/
78
.
0
⇥
100 = 25
.
64.
6. You are the head of the central bank and you want to maintain 2 percent long-run inflation. You use the
quantity theory of money. If the real GDP growth is 4 percent and velocity is constant, you suggest a:
(a) 6 percent interest rate
(b) 6 percent money supply growth
(c) 2 percent money supply growth
(d) 0 percent money supply growth
(e) 2 percent interest rate
Answer:
(b). From the quantity theory in growth rates:
⇡
=
g
m
-
g
y
(with constant velocity). 2 =
g
m
-
4
implies
g
m
= 6.
7. During the Great Recession, the US unemployment rate peaked at around:
(a) 12.1 percent
(b) 25.8 percent
(c) 9.5 percent
(d) 6.7 percent
(e) 10 percent
2
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Answer:
(e) - see Chapter 10 in the textbook for a discussion of the Great Recession.
8. Consider the balance sheet of the following bank:
Assets
Liabilities
Loans
5000
Deposits
6000
Investments
2000
Short Term Debt
500
Reserves and cash
200
What is the leverage ratio? And what the capital ratio?
(a) 9.3; 9.7%
(b) 10.8; 10.3%
(c) 0.1; 10.3%
(d) 9.3; 3.3%
(e) 14.1; 5.6%
Answer:
(a). Assets: 7200, Liabilities: 6500, Equity: 700. Leverage ratio: 6500
/
700 = 9
.
3. Capital ratio:
700
/
7200 = 9
.
7
9. If the economy’s natural rate of unemployment is 5 percent and the unemployment rate is 7 percent,
according to Okun’s Law what is short-run output? Assume the parameter in this relationship is
-
1
/
2,
as we studied in class.
(a) zero
(b) -4 %
(c) 4 %
(d) -1 %
(e) None of the above
Answer:
(b). Okun’s Law states:
u
t
-
¯
u
=
-
(1
/
2)
˜
Y
t
, which means (7
-
5)
⇥
(
-
2) =
˜
Y
t
=
-
4%.
10. At the end of 2009, in the midst of the Great Recession, short run output was -7%. If potential output
was approximately $16 trillion, what was actual output at the end of 2009?
(a) $17.1 trillion
(b) $16.0 trillion
(c) $14.9 trillion
(d) $15.9 trillion
(e) $4.8 trillion
Answer:
(c).
˜
Y
t
=
Y
t
-
¯
Y
t
¯
Y
t
=
Y
t
-
16
16
=
-
0
.
07.
Y
t
= 14
.
9.
3
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