ECON 104 W24 - Midterm Review
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University of California, Los Angeles *
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Economics
Date
Jun 6, 2024
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Heteroskedasticity
Time Series
Endogeneity
Simultaneous Equations
ECON104 Midterm Review
February 19, 2024
Heteroskedasticity
Time Series
Endogeneity
Simultaneous Equations
Logistics
Exam is Thursday in class from 12:30 - 1:40PM.
Topics are heteroskedasticity, time series, and endogeneity.
Bring your student IDs and a calculator
Heteroskedasticity
Time Series
Endogeneity
Simultaneous Equations
What to study
The "style" of questions from the practice/previous midterm
on the website, however the way "coding" questions are
implemented will be different.
In particular, questions 5, 9, 12, and 13 in the practice midterm
There will still be problems that require you to interpret code,
and not just code output
Labs (including that Econ 103 lab PDF) are the best tools to
study the necessary code.
Reading/understanding code output is still required!
The discussion problems are also useful to study.
Heteroskedasticity
Time Series
Endogeneity
Simultaneous Equations
Other Code Tips
When studying the lab codes, think about the main
takeaways/lessons of the labs. There is more to keep in mind, but
think about the following questions:
Econ 103: How do the different selection methods compare, and
how do I choose the "best" subset according to each method.
Lab 1: How do I change standard errors from OLS to HC standard
errors? How do I implement WLS? How do I (manually) conduct a
GQ or BP type test?
Lab 2: What is the difference between setting up a time series
regression vs. a standard OLS model? How do I know when there is
autocorrelation, and when autocorrelation does not exist.
Lab 3: What is the difference between the lm and ivreg commands?
How do I know what the instruments, endogenous, and exogenous
variables are by reading a command? How do I interpret the
diagnostic tests in the ivreg output?
Heteroskedasticity
Time Series
Endogeneity
Simultaneous Equations
Heteroskedasticity Overview
Given data
(
x
i
,
y
i
)
, we may estimate a linear model:
y
i
=
β
1
+
β
2
x
i
+
e
i
(1)
Heteroskedasticity
Time Series
Endogeneity
Simultaneous Equations
Heteroskedasticity Overview
How do we test for it?
1
Breusch-Pagan (BP) Test
White Test
2
Goldfield-Quandt (GQ) Test
How do we fix it?
1
White Standard Errors (HC)
2
Weighted Least Squares
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Related Questions
Please answer the question at the bottom about the four hours of study time.
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type plz
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A Homework (Ch 08)
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CENGAGE MINDTAP
lomework (Ch 08)
5. Deriving the short-run supply curve
Consider the perfectly competitive market for halogen lamps. The following graph shows the marginal cost (MC), average total cost (ATC), and
average variable cost (AVC) curves for a typical firm in the industry.
80
72
64
56
48
ATCA
40
32
24
16
AVC
MCO
8 16
QUANTITY OF OUTPUT (Thousands of lamps)
24
32
40
48 56
64
72
80
14
5 go
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:=
1:36
MicrolnternationalProject
5G 49
Done
International Aspect of Project Homework
Below is an except pasted from a semester project for this course (broken into two pieces).
Your task is to respond to this prompt and to cite at least one source. For this assignment, the
source may be scholarly or from a periodical. Your source should be documented as a
reference using APA style. Be sure to respond to the prompt using concepts from our course.
You may use models to illustrate your points.
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2. What does this imply for U.S. food production independence? What could be done to
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Notice, having a positive effect, a negative effect or no net-effect is a possibility on Mexican
farmers. Whatever your answer,…
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MindTap-Cengage Learning X
/static/nb/ui/evo/index.html?deploymentld-58326557198082800211662038eISBN=9781337914413&nbld-3236996&snapshotld-3236996&id=16:
Courses
My Drive - Google...MyHarper | Students
CENGAGE MINDTAP
Aplia Homework: Demand, Supply, and Markets
WAGE (Dollars per hour)
20
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
X
0
•
I
Supply
I
I T Demand
I I
II I
|| 1
50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500
LABOR (Thousands of workers)
In this market, the equilibrium hourly wage is S
H
Graph Input Tool
Market for Labor in the Fast Food Industry
Chapter 4 HW Flashcards | Quizle X +
Wage
(Dollars per hour)
Labor Demanded
(Thousands of
workers)
and the equilibrium quantity of labor is
Search L pe
U
8
8
Suppose a senator introduces a bill to legislate a minimum hourly wage of $8. This type of price control is called a
300
Labor Supplied
(Thousands of
workers)
thousand workers.
O
3
D
200
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a. Draw a scatter diagram for these data.b. Does there appear to be a relationship between run sizeand percent failures? What implications does this datahave for Oregon Fiber Board’s business?
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please graph!
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System of Equations:
p=6−2q
p=2+q
Plot both equations on a graph.
The values of pp and qq that solve these two equations simultaneously can be seen on the graph as
A. the inverse of the slopes of the two lines
B. the slopes of the two lines
C. the coordinates at which the two lines intersect
D. the value of the intercepts of the two lines
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Your life cycle graph should clearly identify the introduction, growth, maturity and declining stages for the iPod. You should show the unit sales in the vertical axis and the calendar years (i.e., time) in the horizontal axis. Once you create the product life cycle graph, answer the following questions:
Finally, explain why the iPod declined. You can use online sources to answer this questions. Again your answer should not be more that one paragraph of three to five sentences.
arrow_forward
You are given the actual sales volume for iPod, what used to be one of Apple’s popular electronic products. The data covers 12 years of sales data, from 2002 until 2014. Your task is to create a product life cycle graph for the iPod as shown on page 295 of the textbook. The product lifecycle is also available in the lecture slides for Chapter 9.
Your life cycle graph should clearly identify the introduction, growth, maturity and declining stages for the iPod. You should show the unit sales in the vertical axis and the calendar years (i.e., time) in the horizontal axis. Once you create the product life cycle graph, answer the following questions:
In which years did the maturity stage occurred for the iPod? Explain your reasons in one paragraph of three to five sentences long.
In which years did the decline stage occurred for the iPod? Explain your reasons in one paragraph of three to five sentences long.
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Time Required
per Student
Step
Description
Unpack and place on belt
1.0 minute
Strip off bad habits
1.5 minutes
Scrub and clean mind
0.8 minute
4
Insert modern methods
1.0 minute
Polish and pack
1.2 minutes
One faculty member is assigned to each of these steps. Faculty members work a 40-hour
week and rotate jobs each week. Mr. Rockness has been working on a contract from Gen-
eral Eclectic, which requires delivery of 2,000 refurbished students per week. A represen-
tative of the human resources department has just called complaining that the company
hasn't been receiving the agreed-upon number of students. A check of finished goods
inventory by Mr. Rockness reveals that there is no stock left. What is going on?
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Use the information in the table to answer parts a and b below. Be sure to show all your steps for work you do by hand. If you use a
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Week #1
Week #2
Week #3
Pvr = $ 3.00
Pvr = $ 5.00
Pvr = $ 5.00
Pm = $6.00
Pm = $ 6.00
Pm = $ 6.00
Y = $100.00
Y = $100.00
Y = $ 80.00
Qvr =
Qvr =
1
Qvr =
Qm =
1
Qm =
Qm =
Key:
Pvr = price of a video rental
Y = Raul's weekly income
Pm = price of a movie ticket
Qvr = quantity of videos Raul demands in week
Qm = quantity of movie tickets Raul demands in week
What is Raul's price-elasticity of demand for video rentals? Is Raul's demand for video rentals relatively elastic, relatively
inelastic, or unitary elastic in the price range given? Draw a graph to illustrate Raul's price-elasticity of demand, using the numbers
above.
b
What is Raul's cross-price elasticity of demand between video rentals and movies? What does the number you get tell
you about the relationship between the two goods? Draw a…
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Homework (Ch 08)
* MindTap - Cengage Learning
x +
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* CENGAGE MINDTAP
Homework (Ch 08)
2. The demand curve facing a price-taking firm
Vesoro is one of more than a hundred competitive price-taking firms in San Francisco that produce extra-large cardboard boxes for moving. The
following graph shows the daily market demand and supply curves facing the extra-large cardboard box industry.
(?)
50
45
Supply
40
Demand
35
30
25
20
15
10
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 89
QUANTITY OF OUTPUT (Millions of extra-large boxes)
10
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PRICE (Dollars per extra-large box)
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Eileen is a hard-working college sophomore. One Sunday, she decides to work nonstop until she has answered 250 practice problems for her math course. She starts work at 8:00 AM and uses a table to keep track of her progress throughout the day. She notices that as she gets tired, it takes her longer to solve each problem.
Time
Total Problems Answered
8:00 AM
0
9:00 AM
100
10:00 AM
175
11:00 AM
225
Noon
250
Use the table to answer the following questions.
The marginal, or additional, gain from Eileen’s second hour of work, from 9:00 AM to 10:00 AM, is
problems.
The marginal gain from Eileen’s fourth hour of work, from 11:00 AM to noon, is
problems.
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NOTE: Type only your answers. Please do not handwritten your answers. Make sure your formulas, solutions and answers' format are all correct.
Answer no 3&4 only!
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Question 19
Lot's say you run a simulation and figure out that your sample bs one of the likely sampies that could have come from a DGP of 0. What would that mean?
• A That is a good sign. Our model is good and probably explains a lot of variation.
• B This is a bad sign for our model because a DGP of 0 means there is no relationship between the explanatory and outcome variable.
• C This does not mean anything for our model. We have to run supernova to find out about how good our model is.
• Dit depends on what our b
Type Markdown and LaTeX: a
Question 20
14
MacBook Pro
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Only typed explanation of all four subparts otherwise leave it
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b.A clothing manufacturer makes trousers, skirts and blouses. Each trouser requires 20 minutes of cutting time, 60 minutes of sewing time and 5 minutes of packaging time. Each skirt requires 15 minutes of cutting time, 30 minutes of sewing time and 12 minutes of packaging time. Each blouse requires 10 minutes of cutting time, 24 minutes of sewing time and 6 minutes of packaging time.
The amount of time available for cutting, sewing and packaging is 115 hours, 280 hours and 65 hours respectively. Using either the Inverse Method or the Cramer’s Rule, determine how many of each type of clothing should be made to use all available labor hours?
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On a tour guide map of Madagascar, the scale states that 3 inches represents 125 miles. Two
beaches are 5.3 inches apart on the map. What is the approximate distance in miles between
the two beaches? Round your answer to the nearest mile.
Click here to enter text.
A 12 row combine can harvest 10 acres of corn in 1 hour. How many hours does it take to
harvest 255 acres of corn?
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Please see attached.
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At the ABC factory, the standard time of the work was determined by conducting a time study. Can these standard durations be used in the simulation model of the production system? Explain in detail how to use it if it can be used.
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(E6) Hello! Please help me answer this one. Please refer to the given picture/s below for the questions. Please read the instructions and directions very carefully. Double and triple check your answers, previous tutors got it wrong.
NOTE: Type only your answers. Please do not handwritten your answers. Make sure your formulas, solutions and answers' format are all correct.
Answer no 1 only!
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- Please answer the question at the bottom about the four hours of study time.arrow_forwardtype plzarrow_forwardA Homework (Ch 08) * Mind Tap - Cengage Learning catic/nb/ui/evo/index.html?deploymentld=58830023220612202193347127562&elSBN=97813376223498&id=9084911198&snapshotld=1937530& Q Search CENGAGE MINDTAP lomework (Ch 08) 5. Deriving the short-run supply curve Consider the perfectly competitive market for halogen lamps. The following graph shows the marginal cost (MC), average total cost (ATC), and average variable cost (AVC) curves for a typical firm in the industry. 80 72 64 56 48 ATCA 40 32 24 16 AVC MCO 8 16 QUANTITY OF OUTPUT (Thousands of lamps) 24 32 40 48 56 64 72 80 14 5 go 19 194 ho. pll fg DII DDI delete home enc $. & * 5 7. 8. 9. num %3D backspace lock { R. V D. PER UNT (Dollars)arrow_forward
- := 1:36 MicrolnternationalProject 5G 49 Done International Aspect of Project Homework Below is an except pasted from a semester project for this course (broken into two pieces). Your task is to respond to this prompt and to cite at least one source. For this assignment, the source may be scholarly or from a periodical. Your source should be documented as a reference using APA style. Be sure to respond to the prompt using concepts from our course. You may use models to illustrate your points. 1. American solar farms receive billions of dollars in taxpayer subsidies each year. These subsidies allow them to substitute grain production for energy production. How do U.S. solar farm subsidies hurt or benefit Mexican farmers? 2. What does this imply for U.S. food production independence? What could be done to address this problem, and would the solution be effective? Notice, having a positive effect, a negative effect or no net-effect is a possibility on Mexican farmers. Whatever your answer,…arrow_forwardUse appropriate model(s) to analyze the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on a country's economy in the short-run and long-run. Graphical analyses is also requiredarrow_forwardNo chatgpt used i will give 5 upvotes typing pleasearrow_forward
- MindTap-Cengage Learning X /static/nb/ui/evo/index.html?deploymentld-58326557198082800211662038eISBN=9781337914413&nbld-3236996&snapshotld-3236996&id=16: Courses My Drive - Google...MyHarper | Students CENGAGE MINDTAP Aplia Homework: Demand, Supply, and Markets WAGE (Dollars per hour) 20 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 X 0 • I Supply I I T Demand I I II I || 1 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 LABOR (Thousands of workers) In this market, the equilibrium hourly wage is S H Graph Input Tool Market for Labor in the Fast Food Industry Chapter 4 HW Flashcards | Quizle X + Wage (Dollars per hour) Labor Demanded (Thousands of workers) and the equilibrium quantity of labor is Search L pe U 8 8 Suppose a senator introduces a bill to legislate a minimum hourly wage of $8. This type of price control is called a 300 Labor Supplied (Thousands of workers) thousand workers. O 3 D 200arrow_forwardOregon Fiber Board makes roof liners for the automotiveindustry. The manufacturing manager is concerned aboutproduct quality. She suspects that one particular failure, tears in the fabric, is related to production-run size. An assistantgathers the following data from production records: a. Draw a scatter diagram for these data.b. Does there appear to be a relationship between run sizeand percent failures? What implications does this datahave for Oregon Fiber Board’s business?arrow_forwardplease graph!arrow_forward
- System of Equations: p=6−2q p=2+q Plot both equations on a graph. The values of pp and qq that solve these two equations simultaneously can be seen on the graph as A. the inverse of the slopes of the two lines B. the slopes of the two lines C. the coordinates at which the two lines intersect D. the value of the intercepts of the two linesarrow_forwardYou are given the actual sales volume for iPod, what used to be one of Apple’s popular electronic products. The data covers 12 years of sales data, from 2002 until 2014. Your task is to create a product life cycle graph for the iPod as shown on page 295 of the textbook. The product lifecycle is also available in the lecture slides for Chapter 9. Your life cycle graph should clearly identify the introduction, growth, maturity and declining stages for the iPod. You should show the unit sales in the vertical axis and the calendar years (i.e., time) in the horizontal axis. Once you create the product life cycle graph, answer the following questions: Finally, explain why the iPod declined. You can use online sources to answer this questions. Again your answer should not be more that one paragraph of three to five sentences.arrow_forwardYou are given the actual sales volume for iPod, what used to be one of Apple’s popular electronic products. The data covers 12 years of sales data, from 2002 until 2014. Your task is to create a product life cycle graph for the iPod as shown on page 295 of the textbook. The product lifecycle is also available in the lecture slides for Chapter 9. Your life cycle graph should clearly identify the introduction, growth, maturity and declining stages for the iPod. You should show the unit sales in the vertical axis and the calendar years (i.e., time) in the horizontal axis. Once you create the product life cycle graph, answer the following questions: In which years did the maturity stage occurred for the iPod? Explain your reasons in one paragraph of three to five sentences long. In which years did the decline stage occurred for the iPod? Explain your reasons in one paragraph of three to five sentences long.arrow_forward
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Recommended textbooks for you
- Managerial Economics: Applications, Strategies an...EconomicsISBN:9781305506381Author:James R. McGuigan, R. Charles Moyer, Frederick H.deB. HarrisPublisher:Cengage Learning
Managerial Economics: Applications, Strategies an...
Economics
ISBN:9781305506381
Author:James R. McGuigan, R. Charles Moyer, Frederick H.deB. Harris
Publisher:Cengage Learning