Module 8 & 9-Assignment Packet

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CSCO 120 Assignment Packet 8 & 9 Network Layer and Address Resolution for IPv4 and IPv6 Packet Tracer Lab 9.1.3-Identify MAC and IP Addresses Go to Netacad and open this PT activity. Complete the activity and post your answers directly below each question-post your answers in red Answer the following questions regarding the captured data: 1. Were there different types of cables/media used to connect devices? • Post your answer here (and in the same place directly under each question): • Cobber and fiber 2. Did the cables change the handling of the PDU in any way? No 3. Did the Hub lose any of the information that it received? no 4. What does the Hub do with MAC addresses and IP addresses? none 5. Did the wireless Access Point do anything with the information given to it? yes 6. Was any MAC or IP address lost during the wireless transfer? no 7. What was the highest OSI layer that the Hub and Access Point used? layer 1 8. Did the Hub or Access Point ever replicate a PDU that was rejected with a red “X”? yes 9. When examining the PDU Details tab, which MAC address appeared first, the source or the destination? destination 10. Why would the MAC addresses appear in this order ? the switch forwards the frame quicker

11. Was there a pattern to the MAC addressing in the simulation? no 12. Did the switches ever replicate a PDU that was rejected with a red “X”? no 13. Every time that the PDU was sent between the 10 network and the 172 network, there was a point where the MAC addresses suddenly changed. Where did that occur? router 14. Which device uses MAC addresses that start with 00D0:BA? router 15. What devices did the other MAC addresses belong to? reicver and sender 16. Did the sending and receiving IPv4 addresses change fields in any of the PDUs? no 17. When you follow the reply to a ping, sometimes called a pong , do you see the sending and receiving IPv4 addresses switch? yes 18. What is the pattern to the IPv4 addressing used in this simulation? because router ports are different 19. Why do different IP networks need to be assigned to different ports of a router? routers connect different ips together 20. If this simulation was configured with IPv6 instead of IPv4, what would be different? ipv4s turn into ipv6 Packet Tracer Lab 9.2.9-Identify MAC and IP Addresses Go to Netacad and open this PT activity. Post your answers directly below each question as you go-post your answers in red Your device names may be different. Step 1: Generate ARP requests by pinging 172.16.31.3 from 172.16.31.2. Open a command prompt a. Click 172.16.31.2 and open the Command Prompt .

b. Enter the arp -d command to clear the ARP table. Close a command prompt c. Enter Simulation mode and enter the command ping 172.16.31.3 . Two PDUs will be generated. The ping command cannot complete the ICMP packet without knowing the MAC address of the destination. So the computer sends an ARP broadcast frame to find the MAC address of the destination. d. Click Capture/Forward once. The ARP PDU moves Switch1 (or whatever the switch under the router is named) while the ICMP PDU disappears, waiting for the ARP reply. Open the PDU and record the destination MAC address. Question: Is this address listed in the table above? no Question: How many copies of the PDU did Switch1 make? 3 What is the IP address of the device that accepted the PDU? 172.16.31.3 e. Open the PDU and examine Layer 2. Question: What happened to the source and destination MAC addresses? turned into 172.16.31.3 f. Click Capture/Forward until the PDU returns to 172.16.31.2 . Question: How many copies of the PDU did the switch make during the ARP reply? 1 Step 2: Examine the ARP table. a. Note that the ICMP packet reappears. Open the PDU and examine the MAC addresses. Question: Do the MAC addresses of the source and destination align with their IP addresses? yes b. Switch back to Realtime and the ping completes. c. Click 172.16.31.2 and enter the arp –a command. Question: To what IP address does the MAC address entry correspond? 172.16.31.3 In general, when does an end device issue an ARP request? when the mac address isnt knwon from the reciever Part 2: Examine a Switch MAC Address Table Step 1: Generate additional traffic to populate the switch MAC address table. Open a command prompt a. From 172.16.31.2 , enter the ping 172.16.31.4 command. b. Click 10.10.10. 2 and open the Command Prompt .

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c. Enter the ping 10.10.10.3 command. Question: How many replies were sent and received? 4 and 4 Close a command prompt Step 2: Examine the MAC address table on the switches. a. Click Switch1 and then the CLI tab. Enter the show mac-address-table command. Question: Do the entries correspond to those in the table above? yes b. Click Switch0 (or whatever the left switch is called) , then the CLI tab. Enter the show mac- address-table command. Questions: Do the entries correspond to those in the table above? yes Why are two MAC addresses associated with one port? they connect through 1 access point Part 3: Examine the ARP Process in Remote Communications Step 1: Generate traffic to produce ARP traffic. Open a command prompt a. Click 172.16.31.2 and open the Command Prompt . b. Enter the ping 10.10.10.1 command. c. Type arp –a . Question: What is the IP address of the new ARP table entry? 172.16.31.1 d. Enter arp -d to clear the ARP table and switch to Simulation mode. e. Repeat the ping to 10.10.10.1. Question: How many PDUs appear? 2 Close a command prompt f. Click Capture/Forward . Click the PDU that is now at Switch1 . Question: What is the target destination IP destination address of the ARP request? 172.16.31.1 g. The destination IP address is not 10.10.10.1. Question: Why? arp is used to find the mac address for the router

Step 2: Examine the ARP table on Router1. a. Switch to Realtime mode. Click Router1 (or whatever the router over the right switch is called) and then the CLI tab. b. Enter privileged EXEC mode and then the show mac-address-table command. Question: How many MAC addresses are in the table? Why? none because the command doesnt show the mac table on the router c. Enter the show arp command. Questions: Is there an entry for 172.16.31.2 ? yes What happens to the first ping in a situation where the router responds to the ARP request? timed out Packet Tracer Lab 9.3.4-IPv6 Neighbor Discovery Go to Netacad and open this PT activity. Post your answers directly below each question as you go-post your answers in red Your device names may be different (switch A is the left switch, RTA is the only router) • Objectives Part 1: IPv6 Neighbor Discovery Local Network Part 2: IPv6 Neighbor Discovery Remote Network • Background In order for a device to communicate with another device, the MAC address of the destination must be known. With IPv6, a process called Neighbor Discovery using NDP or ND protocol is responsible for determining the destination MAC address. You will gather PDU information in simulation mode to better understand the process. There is no Packet Tracer scoring for this activity. • Instructions • IPv6 Neighbor Discovery Local Network In Part 1 of this activity, you will obtain the MAC address of a destination device on the same network. • Check the router for any neighbors that it discovered. • Click the RTA Router. Select the CLI tab and issue the command show ipv6 neighbors from the

privileged exec mode. If there are any entries displayed, remove them using the command clear ipv6 neighbors . • Click PCA1 , select the Desktop tab and click the Command Prompt icon. • Switch to Simulation Mode to capture events. • Click the Simulation button in the lower right corner of the Packet Tracer Topology window. • Click the Show All/None button in the lower left part of the Simulation Panel. Make certain Event List Filters – Visible Events displays None . • From the command prompt on PCA1 , issue the command ping –n 1 2001:db8:acad:1::b . This will start the process of pinging PCA2 . • Click the Play Capture Forward button, which is displayed as an arrow pointing to the right with a vertical bar within the Play Controls box. The status bar above the Play Controls should read Captured to 150. (The exact number may vary.) • Click the Edit Filters button. Select the IPv6 tab at the top and check the boxes for ICMPv6 and NDP . Click the red X in the upper right of the Edit ACL Filters window. The captured events should now be listed. You should have approximately 12 entries in the window. Question: Why are ND PDUs present? pca1 needs the mac address of the destination • Click the square in the Type column for the first event, which should be ICMPv6 . Question: Because the message starts with this event there is only an Outbound PDU. Under the OSI Model tab, what is the Message Type listed for ICMPv6? ICMPv6 Echo Message Type: 128 Notice there is no Layer 2 addressing. Click the Next Layer >> button to get an explanation about the ND (Neighbor Discovery) process. • Click the square next to the next event in the Simulation Panel. It should be at device PCA1 and the type should be NDP. Questions: What changed in the Layer 3 addressing? FF02::1:FF00:B What Layer 2 addresses are shown? 3333.FF00.000B

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When a host does not know the MAC address of the destination, a special multicast MAC address is used by IPv6 Neighbor Discovery as the Layer 2 destination address. • Select the first NDP event at SwitchA. Question: Is there any difference between the In Layers and Out Layers for Layer 2? No • Select the first NDP event at PCA2 . Click the Outbound PDU Details. Question: What addresses are displayed for the following? Note : The addresses in the fields may be wrapped, adjust the size of the PDU window to make address information easier to read. Ethernet II DEST ADDR: 0001.427E.E8ED Ethernet II SRC ADDR: 0040.0B02:.243E IPv6 SRC IP: 2001:db8:acad:1::b IPv6 DST IP: 2001:db8:acad:1::a Question: • Select the first NDP event at RTA . Why are there no Out Layers? • IPv6 address does not match the routers • Click through the Next Layer >> button until the end and read steps 4 through 7 for further explanation. • Click the next ICMPv6 event at PCA1 . Question: Does PCA1 now have all of the necessary information to communicate with PCA2? Yes • Click the last ICMPv6 event at PCA1 . Notice this is the last communication listed. Question: What is the ICMPv6 Echo Message Type? 129

• Click the Reset Simulation button in the Simulation Panel. From the command prompt of PCA1 repeat the ping to PCA2. (Hint: you should be able to press the up arrow to bring the previous command back.) • Click the Capture Forward button 5 times to complete the ping process. Question: Why weren’t there any NDP events? PCA1 already knows the MAC address of PCA2 • IPv6 Neighbor Discovery Remote Network In Part 2 of this activity, you will perform steps that are similar to those in Part 1, except in this case, the destination host is on another LAN. Observe how the Neighbor Discovery process differs from the process you observed in Part 1. Pay close attention to some of the additional addressing steps that take place when a device communicates with a device that is on a different network. Make sure to click the Reset Simulation button to clear out the previous events. • Capture events for remote communication. • Display and clear any entries in the IPv6 neighbor device table as was done in Part I. • Switch to simulation mode. Click the Show All/None button in the lower left part of the Simulation Panel. Make certain the Event List Filters – Visible Events displays None. • From the command prompt on PCA1 issue the command ping –n 1 2001:db8:acad:2::a to ping host PCB1. • Click the Play Capture Forward button which is displayed as an arrow pointing to the right with a vertical bar within the Play Controls box. The status bar above the Play Controls should read Captured to 150. (The exact number may vary.) • Click the Edit Filters button. Select the IPv6 tab at the top and check the boxes for ICMPv6 and NDP . Click the red X in the upper right of the Edit ACL Filters window. All of the previous events should now be listed. You should notice there are considerably more entries listed this time. • Click the square in the Type Column for the first event, which should be ICMPv6 . Because the message starts with this event, there is only an Outbound PDU. Notice that it is missing the Layer 2 information as it did in the previous scenario. • Click the first NDP event At Device PCA1 . Question: What address is being used for the Src IP in the inbound PDU? fe80::201:42ff:fe7e:e8ed IPv6 Neighbor Discovery will determine the next destination to forward the ICMPv6 message. • Click the second ICMPv6 event for PCA1 . PCA1 now has enough information to create an ICMPv6 echo request.

Question: What MAC address is being used for the destination MAC? 0001.961d.6301 • Click the next ICMPv6 event at device RTA . Notice that the outbound PDU from RTA lacks the destination Layer 2 address, This means that RTA once again has to perform a Neighbor Discovery for the interface that has the 2001:db8:acad:2:: network because it doesn’t know the MAC addresses of the devices on the G0/0/1 LAN. • Skip down to the first ICMPv6 event for device PCB1 . Question: What is missing in the outbound Layer 2 information? the dest mac isnt determined • The next few NDP events are associating the remaining IPv6 addresses to MAC addresses. The previous NDP events associated MAC addresses with Link Local addresses. • Skip to the last set of ICMPv6 events and notice that all of the addresses have been learned. The required information is now known, so PCB1 can send echo reply messages to PCA1. • Click the Reset Simulation button in the Simulation Panel. From the command prompt of PCA1 repeat the command to ping PCB1. • Click the Capture Forward button nine times to complete the ping process. Question: Were there any NDP events? No • Click the only PCB1 event in the new list. Questions: What does the destination MAC address correspond to? pcb1 Why is PCB1 using the router interface MAC address to make its ICMP PDUs? because the destination device is on another network • Examine router outputs. • Return to Realtime mode. • Click RTA and select the CLI tab. At the router prompt enter the command show ipv6 neighbors .

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Questions: How many addresses are listed? 4 What devices are these addresses associated with? PCA1 and PCB1 Are there any entries for PCA2 listed (why or why not)? PCA2 has not communicated Ping PCA2 from the router. • Issue the show ipv6 neighbors command. Question: Are there entries for PCA2? Yes • Reflection Questions • When does a device require the IPv6 Neighbor Discovery process? the dest mac isnt known so it does its own arp process • How does a router help to minimize the amount of IPv6 Neighbor Discovery traffic on a network? the router knows tables from neighbors so it doesnt need to use network discovery How does IPv6 minimize the impact of the ND process on network hosts? ipv6 already have a multicast dest mac address that has the node address • How does the Neighbor Discovery process differ when a destination host is on the same LAN and when it is on a remote LAN? when the dest host is on lan, the only device that can respond is the one that matches the ipv6. when its remote the router provides the local mac address then searches for the remote mac address

Module 8 & 9-Assignment Packet

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