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Work Problem Assessment Tyler Harnick Arizona State University SPE 562 7/22/2023

Assessment P.1 Background Registered Behavioral Therapists in a clinical setting that work with children >6 on the spectrum of Autism. RBTs use negative language throughout sessions with children. When using negative language, it may be a deficit for the learner, rather than using positive language it is more likely to decrease functional communication. Positive language also sets fair and clear boundaries, concise instructions; giving children choices is also a great option because it makes children feel like they have control and focus on what they are doing right and not what they have done wrong. Negative Language Survey Negative language examples: No, Not, Never, Stop, Don’t, Can’t, Won’t, Wasn’t On a scale from 1 being rarely, 2 being moderately, 3 being consistently . 1. How often do you give negative directions throughout the day? (Example) Do not climb on that. 2. How often are you aware of yourself saying negative language after stating? (Example) thinking about what you just said immediately after saying negative statement. 3. How often do you restate what you said negatively using positive language? (Example) immediately after saying negative statements, you restate it positively- let’s keep feet on the floor. 4. Do you feel that the usage of negative language is mostly regarding safety concerns? (Example) a child is immediately exposed to a dangerous situation. Direct Responses 3,3,2,3

1,33,1For me it can be a possibility depending on the circumstances. Especially for a major safety concern. The one time I might say “No or Stop” to gain there attention faster since they don’t here me say it. I strive to use the opposite positive child guidance in my daily practice telling them what they can do as a alternative. 1,3,3,3 1,3,3,3 2,3,3,3 2,3,3,(yes)3 1,1,3,3 1. I can say when I started it was between 2 and 3. Now that I have so,e experience I’m at a 1. 2. If negative language is ever said, I’m aware immediately of if I said it. 3. If negative language is said, I immediately reword in a positive language. 4. I feel like about 99.9% of the time it’s definitely in regards to the safety of the kiddos. Not just me, but everyone else I’ve heard around me. 1,3,3,2 1,3,3,2 2,3,2,2 2,3,3,3 1,3,3,3 2,2,3,3 2,3,3,3

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1.) 2. Moderately 2.) very aware. After making a negative statement I am usually immediately trying think think of how I cold word it positively. 3.) after a negative statement I tend to use the positive wording as my reinforcing statement. I don’t tend to reinstate. 4.) the majority of my day my negatives are towards safety, in certain situations I may make a negative not related to safety. 2,3,3,3 121 total score / 51 responses = 2.37 average response / Regarding safety- 46 total score / 17 responses = average 2.71 Results Discussed It is apparent based on the average responses from RBTs, that most often the safety of the children is a concern when they are using negative language. It is also clear from the results that the clinic is cognizant of their usage when giving negative directions. This fact alone means this problem is “can do”. To fix this issue, help from the BCBAs on situational events and how to navigate them positively will be the biggest task. From there, it is based on the individual’s ability to continually be aware of their language and checking themselves.

Staff Performance Intervention P.2 Operationalized Behavior for Change: The RBT will take frequency data of negative language use and try to restate as well as decrease usage. After one-month RBTs will be able to use positive language 90% of the time, in the moment of problem behavior. Antecedent Strategy(ies): Setting clear expectations during staff training. Examples and scenarios will be provided as well as any questions answered. Staff Motivation System: Staff will play a game each week for one month. All staff will wear a pin and when caught using negative language, another staff member can take the pin. At the end of each week whoever has the most pins gets a choice of drink delivery from Doordash. Data Collection System: Check and balance system throughout the clinic will be yourself, team, and coworkers. Data will be collected through frequency when heard and counted when pins have moved from person-to-person. Staff and Client Outcomes : Staff will increase their use of positive language: increasing the ability to problem solve as they can think before speaking negatively; Functional Communication Skills by allowing patients to understand demands and consequences better; and decreased maladaptive behaviors as negative language will be decreased and positive language will pave way for greater skill usage amongst patients.

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