Lab 1 - Taxonomy

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University of Nairobi *

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Computer Science

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Nov 24, 2024

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1 Emily Mariscal Polk State College 15/10/2023

2 Activity 2 My mystery tree which I choose to identify using dichotomous key is the California- laurel (Umbellularia): 1. Leaves are evergreen, simple, alternate, and elliptical in shape, with a pungent odor when crushed - Go to 2. 2. Leaves do not match the above description - Not California-laurel. 3. The olive-like fruit is often purple when mature - California-laurel (Umbellularia). Therefore on this dichotomous key, if the tree I identify has evergreen, simple, alternate, elliptical leaves with a pungent odor when crushed and produces purple, olive-like fruits, it is most likely the California-laurel, also known as Umbellularia. Activity 3 As you worked down the dichotomous classification key to identify sharks, did you go from general to specific characteristics or from specific to general characteristics? Explain your answer using four characteristics that were used in the shark key. When it came to sharks identification, I mostly went from general to more specific characteristics. The first step which I took was to start looking at all the kite-shaped rays and then determining whether they hadless obvious characteristics. These characteristics includes the presence or absence of dorsal and/or pelvic fins. The second step is that I looked at specific characteristics, such as in the case of Hexanchidae this is the only shark which has six gills. This

3 is a trait that is more obvious and not common amongst most of the listed sharks. Next, for the sword and needle-bearing-snout-nosed species I did the same. Lastly, for Mobulidae, one thing which was very common is the fact that it is a specie which has "horn-like appendages", so it was easily identifiable. Which main characteristics could be used to distinguish shark 4 from shark 8? Carcharhinidae is the family for shark 4, this is because it has an anal fin, and this is not the case with shark 8. Squalidae family possesses a flatter first dorsal fin compared to Carcharhinidae. This is also something which was helpful in distinguishing these two sharks. The top portion of the caudal fin of Squalidae is more squared off at the tipthan that of Carcharhinidae. Which main characteristic could be used to distinguish shark 4 from shark 7? The shark 4 family; Carcharhinidae has got different shape and size of the top portion of caudal fin from the bottom half. On the other hand, the hark 7 whom its family is the Isuridae family, has got the same bottom and top portion structure for the caudal fin. What taxon (classification levels) are represented by the scientific name of an organism? What are the rules for writing the scientific name? The scientific name is always denoted by the genus followed by the species name. The genus is capitalized, but the species is not. Scientific names are denoted in italics. Why do biological classification keys always present only two choices at each step? This is because it is helpful in preventing confusion when classifying organisms; it is also the most effective method.

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