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What s a key difference between biological neural networks and artificial neural networks? Biological neurons receive signals from many other neurons. Biological neural networks are composed of many neurons. Biological neurons have many connections to other neurons. Biological neurons only fire i a threshold is surpassed. @ comect & Correct! Artifcial neural networks use an activation function to determine how they fire. These activation functions will be addressed in a future lecture. What does the XOR (short for “exclusive or”) operator from Boolean logic do? XOR outputs true when neither inputs are true XOR outputs true when only one input is true XOR outputs true only when both inputs are true XOR outputs true when either inputs are true o) © correct Correct! Later, you will be asked postulate why this seemingly simple task cannot be completed by a single-layer neural network.
1. When were artificial neural networks first theorized? @ At neurst networks were firt theorzed i the 15405, O il neurst networks were firt theorzed i the 15705, O i neurst etworks were frt theorzed i the 19505, O el neursl nebworks were firstthearized in the early 20005, © comect Correct! McCulloch and Pitts created a mathematical model of neurons able to calculate nearly any logical or arithmetic function. 2. Approvimately how many neurons are there in the human brain? O -ssthousand O -ssmilion @ -ssbilion O -sstilion @ comeat Correct! Each neuron may be connected to up to 10,000 other neurons. Ifthis were an artifcial neural network, we would need to optimize over hundreds of trillions of parameters. 3. Which algorithm renewed popular interest in artficial neural network research in 19867 O Hillcimbing @ Eschpropsgstion O Gradient descent O Djestr’ssigorthm © comect Correct! This algorithm was created, thanks to David Rumelhart, Geoffrey Hinton, and Ronald Williams, to calculate gradients for gradient descent. 1/1point 1/1point 1/1point
4. What is a major challenge for artificial neural networks? 1/1 point O Artificial neural networks cannot handle inputs of a different scale. O Artificial neural networks only work on specific types of output data. O Artificial neural networks can only make discrete classifications. @ Artificial neural networks are difficult to analyze and debug. ( ) Correct Correct! Because of the vast number of parameters and connections in a neural network, determining howone has modeled a given dataset, or why something may not be working as expected, isnot a straightforward task. The output of the perceptron is a linear combination of what? The sigma vector The input vector The output vector The weight vector (J) Correct Correct! We take the dot product of the transposed weight vector with the input vector to get our perceptron’s output.
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PART D and E only PLEASE!
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Question 2: Answer the following questions. Show all the steps used to get
to the final answer when applicable: C
=
Part A: What is C-¹?
Part B: What is C × C-¹?
5 6
7 8
Part C: In 2-5 sentences explain the following: For neural networks why do we often
build them with more than 1 neuron?
Part D: In 2-5 sentences explain the following: In machine learning, why do we use two
separate datasets for testing and training?
Part E: In 2-5 sentences explain the following: Discuss one concept you found interesting
or difficult to understand during our series of lectures on machine learning?
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55
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Please help with my artificial intelligence question below:
Forward chaining and Backward chaining
Suppose that the coding resulting from the acceptance of knowledge is as follows:
A1 = body temperature >= 38°C
A2 = cough
A3 = cold
A4 = persistent cough especially at night
A5 = breath sounds
P1 = common fever
P2 = normal cough
P3 = influenza / viral infection
P4 = whooping cough
P5 = respiratory tract infection
The rules on the knowledge base include:
R1 : IF A1 THEN P1
R2 : IF A2 THEN P2
R3 : IF P1 and (P2 or A3) THEN P3
R4 : IF P3 and A4 THEN P4
R5 : IF P3 and A5 THEN P5
The facts obtained from the user are that the fever, cough, and cough are more frequent at night (A1, A2, A4 → true). Explain the steps to get a conclusion if the inference technique used is:
a. Forward chaining
b. Backward chaining
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Consider the (directed) network in the attached document We
could represent this network with the following Prolog statements:
link(a,b).
link(a,c).
link(b,c).
link(b,d).
link(c,d).
link(d,e).
link(d,f).
link(e,f).
link(f,g).
Now, given this network, we say that there is a "connection" from a
node "X" to a node "y" if we can get from "X" to "Y" via a series of
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move east from cell (i,j) to (i+1,j);
move south from cell (i,j) to (i,j−1);
move west from cell (i,j) to (i−1,j);
stay in cell (i,j).
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Input
The main line contains a solitary integer t (1≤t≤100) — the number of testcases.
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Output
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What is Reentrancy?
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Input
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End Sub
What is the result of below MatLab code. Provide the simulation steps in details.
>>X-1:2:15
>> Y-7;
>>For a-1 to Size (X)
If X(a) > Y
Y-X(a);
End
>> End
>>Y
I need a clear answer by hand, not
by keyboard and fast answer within
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It is likely that you will need to use programming (Python) or a matrix calculator to solve most of the
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conclusions.
1. Suppose a robot mouse is placed in a grid. Each room in the grid has doors that open to all other rooms.
One room contains a trap so if the robot mouse enters that room, then the robot loses and the game ends.
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1 Question 1
A Deep Neural Network is shown in Figure 1. The aim of this network is to classify human and dog.
1. Calculate the initial error of the Deep Neural Network by feeding the following input: X₁ = 5, X₂ = 2.
The X₁ indicates the length of the tail and X₂ indicates the number of eyes.
2. Update the layer 2 weights (ws,we,w7,ws) of the Deep Neural Network shown in Figure 1 for a single
iteration. The learning rate is set to a = 1 and there are no biases in the neurons.
3. Recalculate the error with the updated weights of layer 2 and report its improvement with respect to
the initial error (percentage wise).
4. (Bonus Question) Update and report the layer 1 weights (w₁,₂,3,w₁) of the network and estimate
the improvement to the error..
Input
X₁-5
X₂-2
W₂-0
W₂=0
w₂ = 0
W₁=0
Layer 1
3₁
W₁=0
₂0
w₂0
Layer 2
Predicted
Output
Real
Output
1
0
Figure 1: A Deep Neural Network designed for dog or human detection
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Source (Where you found it)
In what ways are they mistakenly claiming that the evolutionary process is an example of Darwinian evolution?
How do you know that they are really describing evolution through a Lamarckian process, not a Darwinian process?
Case 1:
Case 2:
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Try to do asap if possible
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1. Pick a random number r
r = rand(1,1) * (2 + INIT_EPSILON ) – INIT_EPSILON
2. Set e =r for all i, j,l
Does this work?
No, because the procedure fails to break symmetry.
O b. Yes, unless we are unlucky and get r = 0 (up to numerical precision).
O. Yes or no, depending on the training set inputs x(i).
d.
Yes, because the parameters are chosen randomly.
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