Module 6 Homework Assignment
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Apr 3, 2024
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Module 6
Hannah Mathewson
Artificial Intelligence
COM-465-OL01
Professor Lambros Tzerefos
February 25, 2024
1.) Assume that you are a designer of a robotic gripper that is tasked to grasp spherical objects such as a baseball. What types of hardware sensors and actuators would you need to design the robotic gripper? How would your choice of sensors and actuators change if the object to be grasped was fragile (such as an egg)?
Answer:
Sensors and actuators required for robotic gripper are:
Proximity sensor system: a sensor that detects the presence of a “target” when it enters the sensor's field. counting on the kind of proximity sensor, sound, light, infrared emission (IR), or electromagnetic fields could also be utilized by the sensor to detect a target.
Optical navigation sensor system: This with the assistance of a breakout board. This uses SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface) to speak with the microcontroller.
Actuator system: Actuators are used as finger sections which have a half-duplex Asynchronous Serial Communication (USART) protocol type; thus buffers/line drivers are wont to toggle RX and TX. If the thing to be grasped is fragile then breakout board must be redesigned and placed on the fingernail PCB which allows for a far slimmer fingertip design.
2.) Chapter 26 describes several types of software architectures that are currently used to control robotic hardware. Research one of these software architectures and provide a description of the different sub-systems of the architecture.
Answer:
Software architecture is a methodology for structuring algorithms. Software architectures for robotics must decide how to combine reactive control and model-based deliberative planning. Most robot architectures use reactive techniques at the lower levels of control and deliberative techniques at the higher levels. There are several sub-systems of architecture such as, the Subsumption architecture (Brooks, 1986), Three-layer architecture, and Pipeline architecture.
-Subsumption architecture was introduced by Brooks along with the robotic community in 1986. In this sub-system architecture, the goal of behaviors is ordered in parallel or single behavior is subsumed by another behavior.
-Three-layer architecture layers an application into presentation layers and business logic layer. The data layer manages the stored data in the database, the business logic layer manages the rule and regulations of business processing, and presentation layer accepts the user input and displays
the desired output to the user.
-Pipeline architecture is an implementation technique where multiple instructions are overlapped in execution. The stages are connected to each other in a form of pipe instructions into one end, adding progress through the stages, and exit at the other end. Each instruction can be executed in a single clock cycle when its full. It completes one instruction per cycle.
3.) Discuss the social implications of the increased adoption of robots in the workplace. What effect will they have on nature of labor in areas such as manufacturing and agriculture?
Answer:
The increased adoption of robots has the following issues:
-There will be an increased proportion of unemployment among skilled and unskilled workforce.
-The manufacturing field will increase production, error free, on time resulting in an increase in unemployment. The only ones benefiting from the labor will be the organization.
-The employees will be forced to interact with machines and instead of humans.
-Employees will work with robots who never tire, do not go on leave, do not go on strike, do not argue or debate. The environment in the workplace will be non-enthusiastic.
-In the field of agriculture, the production of agricultural products will be rapid, but requirement of manpower will decline.
References
Russell, S., & Norvig, P. (2020). Artificial Intelligence: A modern approach
. Pearson. R. Brooks, "A robust layered control system for a mobile robot," in
IEEE Journal on Robotics and Automation
, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 14-23, March 1986, doi: 10.1109/JRA.1986.1087032.
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