Lecture 5 Design of Wood-Frame Buildings (R)

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Concordia University *

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Oct 30, 2023

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BLDG / CIVI 390 Building / Civil Engineering Design Project Lecture 5 BLDG / CIVI 390 Building / Civil Engineering Design Project Lecture 5 – Design of Wood-Frame Buildings
BLDG / CIVI 390 Building / Civil Engineering Design Project Lecture 5 1 / 41 Wood-Frame Buildings 1. Wood-Frame house structure 2. WoodWorks Design Office software 3. Use of the span-tables from CMHC Handbook
BLDG / CIVI 390 Building / Civil Engineering Design Project Lecture 5 2 / 41 Wood-Frame House
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BLDG / CIVI 390 Building / Civil Engineering Design Project Lecture 5 3 / 41 Load — Observations
BLDG / CIVI 390 Building / Civil Engineering Design Project Lecture 5 4 / 41 Vertical Loading Resisting Systems Design principle: • The structural levels in closest proximity to the loads should be designed first
BLDG / CIVI 390 Building / Civil Engineering Design Project Lecture 5 5 / 41 Lateral Loading Resisting Systems
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BLDG / CIVI 390 Building / Civil Engineering Design Project Lecture 5 6 / 41 Platform frame construction (there is another method called Balloon frame construction)
BLDG / CIVI 390 Building / Civil Engineering Design Project Lecture 5 Floor Framing
BLDG / CIVI 390 Building / Civil Engineering Design Project Lecture 5 8 / 41 Deflection limits
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BLDG / CIVI 390 Building / Civil Engineering Design Project Lecture 5 9 / 41 Sizing built-up wood beams Select two built-up beam sections that can satisfy the following conditions: 1. One-storey brick veneer house 2. Beam supporting main floor only 3. Supported joist length is 12’ (3.6 m) 4. Beam span is 13’ (4 m) 5. Grade of wood: SPF No.2 Use Table 15 of CMHC Handbook, acceptable beams are: • 5-2”x10” (5-38x235 mm) or • 4-2”x12” (4-38x286 mm)
BLDG / CIVI 390 Building / Civil Engineering Design Project Lecture 5 10 / 41 Sizing built-up wood beams Select two built-up beam sections that can satisfy the following conditions: 1. One-storey brick veneer house 2. Beam supporting main floor only 3. Supported joist length is 12’ (3.6 m) 4. Beam span is 13’ (4 m) 5. Grade of wood: SPF No.2 Use Table 15 of CMHC Handbook, acceptable beams are: • 5-2”x10” (5-38x235 mm) or • 4-2”x12” (4-38x286 mm)
BLDG / CIVI 390 Building / Civil Engineering Design Project Lecture 5 11 / 41 Sizing Floor Joists Select a floor joist that is acceptable for the conditions as described below. 1. Joist supporting living room floor 2. Joist span 12’-3’’ (3.75 mm) 3. Bridging will be installed 4. Basement ceiling will be not finished 5. Grade of wood: SPF No.2 or better 6. Subfloor is 5/8’’ (15.9 mm) plywood nailed in place Also note that drywall or gypsum board ceiling finish can be considered a strapping. For this example floor joists can be considered braced with bridging and strapping • Use Table 20 of CMHC Handbook, acceptable beams are (do it yourself): • 2”x8” @ 12’’ o.c. (38x184 mm @ 300 mm o.c.) or • 2”x10” @ 24’’ o.c. (38x235 mm @ 600 mm o.c.)
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BLDG / CIVI 390 Building / Civil Engineering Design Project Lecture 5 12 / 41 Selection of wall studs Problem: Select the first-floor wall studs that are able to support the superimposed loads as described bellow: Conditions: 1. First-floor interior wall studs supporting a second storey 2. Attic is not served by a staircase (i.e., without storage) 3. All studs 7’-9’’ (2.36 m ) long Selection: Use Table 25 . Acceptable wall stud sizes for this application are: • 2’’x3’’ (38x64 mm) spaced at 16’’ (400 mm) o.c. • 2’’x4’’ (38x89 mm) spaced at 24’’ (600 mm) o.c.
BLDG / CIVI 390 Building / Civil Engineering Design Project Lecture 5 13 / 41 Ceiling Joist Problem: Select the minimum ceiling joist that is acceptable for the conditions described below: Conditions: 1. Attic is inaccessible, without storage 2. Ceiling supports insulation and drywall finish 3. Span is 14’2’’ (4.3 m) 4. SPF2 or better Selection: Use Table 33 . Acceptable ceiling joist for this application is: • 2’’x6’’ (38x140 mm), spaced at 16’’ (400 mm) o.c.
BLDG / CIVI 390 Building / Civil Engineering Design Project Lecture 5 14 / 41 Roof Joist Problem: Select the roof joist that are able to span the roof as described below:: Conditions: 1. Building location is Ottawa, Ontario 2. Specified roof snow load is 36 psf (1.72 kPa) 3. Shingle roofing to be used 4. Lower ends of the roof joists are restrained 5. SPF2 or better Selection: Use Table 31 . Acceptable roof joist for this application is: • 2’’x8’’ (38x184 mm) @ 16’’ (400 mm) o.c. • 2’’x10’’ (38x235mm) @ 24’’ (600 mm) o.c.
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BLDG / CIVI 390 Building / Civil Engineering Design Project Lecture 5 15 / 41 Roof Joist Problem: Select the roof joist that are able to span the roof as described below:: Conditions: 1. Building location is Ottawa, Ontario 2. Specified roof snow load is 36 psf ( 1.72 kPa ) 3. Shingle roofing to be used 4. Lower ends of the roof joists are restrained 5. . SPF2 or better Selection: Use Table 31 . Acceptable roof joist for this application is: • 2’’x8’’ (38x184 mm) @ 16’’ (400 mm) o.c. • 2’’x10’’ (38x235mm) @ 24’’ (600 mm) o.c.
BLDG / CIVI 390 Building / Civil Engineering Design Project Lecture 5 16 / 41 Design with WoodWorks 1. Concept mode design 2. Beam design 3. Column design
BLDG / CIVI 390 Building / Civil Engineering Design Project Lecture 5 17 / 41 3D View
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BLDG / CIVI 390 Building / Civil Engineering Design Project Lecture 5 18 / 41 WoodWorks Model – Floor Plan
BLDG / CIVI 390 Building / Civil Engineering Design Project Lecture 5 19 / 41 WoodWorks Model – Roof Plan
BLDG / CIVI 390 Building / Civil Engineering Design Project Lecture 5 20 / 41 WW Model – Front Elevation
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BLDG / CIVI 390 Building / Civil Engineering Design Project Lecture 5 21 / 41 WW Model – Front Elevation Is there something we missed in between this Front Elevation and previous Plans (or simply in previous Plans)? In terms of annotation, is this drawing illustrative?
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BLDG / CIVI 390 Building / Civil Engineering Design Project Lecture 5 22 / 41 WW Model – Side View
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BLDG / CIVI 390 Building / Civil Engineering Design Project Lecture 5 23 / 41 List of diagrams Foundation Level: • Foundation Plan showing footing and columns G/F ... : • Plan — Joists / Beams with cross section of studs / columns • Typical Details Attic: • Plan — Joists / Beams Roof (looking down): • Plan — Rafters / Bracing Elevation: • show openings / framing details (E,S,W,N) Section: • show floor heights / element depth ...
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BLDG / CIVI 390 Building / Civil Engineering Design Project Lecture 5 24 / 41 WW Output
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BLDG / CIVI 390 Building / Civil Engineering Design Project Lecture 5 25 / 41 Design Checks Using CMHC Handbook Can you find this Glulam beam?
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BLDG / CIVI 390 Building / Civil Engineering Design Project Lecture 5 26 / 41 Design Checks Using CMHC Handbook Can you actually find Beam 1 and 3 in Table 15 (CMHC 2013)?
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BLDG / CIVI 390 Building / Civil Engineering Design Project Lecture 5 27 / 41 WW Beam Mode Which one(s) for Ultimate Limit State, which one(s) for Serviceability Limit State
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BLDG / CIVI 390 Building / Civil Engineering Design Project Lecture 5 28 / 41 WW Design check for a beam
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BLDG / CIVI 390 Building / Civil Engineering Design Project Lecture 5 29 / 41 WW Column Mode
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BLDG / CIVI 390 Building / Civil Engineering Design Project Lecture 5 30 / 41 WW Design check for a column
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BLDG / CIVI 390 Building / Civil Engineering Design Project Lecture 5 31 / 41 Revision of Dead Loads - Example First Floor Live load: 2.0 kPa for residential living areas (common area) Live load: 1.8 kPa for residential living areas (private area) Dead load: Floor covering 0.2 kPa Plywood 0.2 kPa Framing 0.15 kPa Ceiling (drywall) 0.15 kPa Partition load 1.5 kPa TOTAL: 2.2 kPa
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BLDG / CIVI 390 Building / Civil Engineering Design Project Lecture 5 32 / 41 Revision of Dead Loads - Example First Floor Live load: 2.0 kPa for residential living areas (common area) Live load: 1.8 kPa for residential living areas (private area) Dead load: Floor covering 0.2 kPa Plywood 0.2 kPa Framing 0.15 kPa Ceiling (drywall) 0.15 kPa Partition load 1.5 kPa TOTAL: 2.2 kPa Where to find these values: e.g. Residential Structural Design Guide
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BLDG / CIVI 390 Building / Civil Engineering Design Project Lecture 5 33 / 41 Wind Load The effect of high winds acting over the large areas of buildings can result in substantial horizontal loads. q is the wind pressure, on the velocity of wind (with 0.1, 0.033, 0.01 probabilities of exceedance).
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BLDG / CIVI 390 Building / Civil Engineering Design Project Lecture 5 34 / 41 Earthquake Load Table C-3
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BLDG / CIVI 390 Building / Civil Engineering Design Project Lecture 5 35 / 41 Earthquake (Distribution of lateral load)
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BLDG / CIVI 390 Building / Civil Engineering Design Project Lecture 5 36 / 41 Lateral load resisting system
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BLDG / CIVI 390 Building / Civil Engineering Design Project Lecture 5 37 / 41 Lateral load resisting system
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BLDG / CIVI 390 Building / Civil Engineering Design Project Lecture 5 38 / 41 WW Shear wall model
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BLDG / CIVI 390 Building / Civil Engineering Design Project Lecture 5 39 / 41 Defining lateral loads Shear wall design is required for CIVI groups, but optional for BLDG groups
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BLDG / CIVI 390 Building / Civil Engineering Design Project Lecture 5 40 / 41 Reliability of a Structure Considerations: • External influences such as loads and temperature change. • Quality of material test data and its interpretation in design codes • Modeling and analysis of the structure, code interpretations, design assumptions and other judgments which are parts of the design process • Strength and consistency of materials used in construction • Quality of the construction process
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BLDG / CIVI 390 Building / Civil Engineering Design Project Lecture 5 41 / 41 Reliability of Structural Design Process • Errors and omissions (these can be minimized by checking procedures and computer-aided design software systems) • Systematic and coincidental errors (these are accounted for on a statistical basis)
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