Lab 5_ Melting Point

pdf

School

Temple University *

*We aren’t endorsed by this school

Course

2201

Subject

Chemistry

Date

Jan 9, 2024

Type

pdf

Pages

4

Uploaded by kamilailhomova24

Report
Lab 5: Melting Point Goal: To understand the melting point lab skill while using melting point techniques to identify the given unknown compound. Background: The physical properties of a compound are not simply numbers that are associated with it, but rather, very important attributes that can identify what an unknown substance may be. The melting point is important in identifying a compound as well as determining its purity. A compound's melting point is usually determined by heating a small amount of compound in a special melting point apparatus. We have learned that when identifying purity it is helpful to note that the higher the melting point of the tested compound the purer it is. This was proven to us in the aspirin lab when the last step was to test the melting point of aspirin which is about 135C, so the closer we were to that number the purer the aspirin came out to be. Structures and their melting point: L-tartaric acid
Chemicals and Equipment Used: Melting point apparatus Aspirin sample Unknown sample Standard sample Procedure: 1. 3 samples of the recrystallized aspirin and the unknown sample were run separately to determine their melting point. 2. In the 2nd run, the unknown was mixed with the standard, and the melting point was determined 3. In the 3rd run, a sample of the unknown which has already been identified as urea was mixed with another standard which has a close melting point, and inserted into the melting point apparatus. Results: Unknown # 19 mp Aspirin melting point 112C M.p of unknown sample 134C M.p of mix (unknown + standard) 132C
M.p of the mix ( unknown + D-ribose (another STD)) 121C Conclusion: Based on the results above as well as the given table of melting points, I was able to come to the conclusion that the melting point of 134C closely resembles that of Urea. Then, once the unknown was identified as urea, a mix of the unknown was placed with the standard urea compound to test the resemebelance in melting point. It came out to be 132C which is very close to the first melting point. A sample of urea was mixed with the standard that I chose to be D-ribose since its melting point is pretty close to urea ranging between 88-92. A mix of three compounds was put in the apparatus which was set at 120C and almost immediately the compounds melted at 121C. Changes: No significant changes were noted in this lab Discussion: As previously discussed, the melting point of a compound is far more than just a number. This lab demonstrated that by identifying the melting point of a substance that was given to us, we were pretty accurately able to identify an unknown compound. Some errors that may have occurred in the process of this lab which could have led to false interpretations is that too much of one compound could have been added to the the tube when doing the last few steps. For example, since D-ribose has a much lower melting point than urea, in the last mixture, too much of D-ribose could have gone into the tube with the unknown and standard causing the mixture to melt almost immediately. Although this might be a minor error, it is something to be cautious about the next time this lab is performed. Questions: 1. Two substances, A and B, have the same melting point. How can you determine if they are the same without using any form of spectroscopy? Explain in detail.
Your preview ends here
Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version
  • Access to all documents
  • Unlimited textbook solutions
  • 24/7 expert homework help
- To determine if substances A and B are the same, we could mix them and identify the melting point of the mixture. If the melting point comes back identical to the one of A and B then it would determine that the mixtures are the same. 2. Using Figure 9.5, determine which heating curve would be most appropriate for a substance with a melting point of about 150°C. - Based on the given figure, I believe curve number 2 would be most appropriate for a substance with m.p of 150C 3. What steps can you take to determine the melting point of a substance that sublimes before it melts? - In order to prevent a substance from sublimation ( turning into gas), the tube in which the substance is could be sealed so the gaseous phase does not have a way of escaping. This way it could be easier to note any physical changes. 4. A compound melting at 134°C was suspected to be either aspirin (mp 135°C) or urea (mp 133°C). Explain how you could determine whether one of these two suspected compounds was identical to the unknown compound without using any form of spectroscopy - In order to determine this, the mixed melting point technique from question 1 could be completed. Meaning that the two mixtures should be combined with the standard to determine if the melting point changes or not. 5. An unknown compound gave a melting point of 230°C. When the molten liquid solidified, the melting point was redetermined and found to be 131°C. Give a possible explanation for this discrepancy. - During the heating process, the physical property of the compound completely shifts thus changing its structure and altering the melting point. Once a compound is resolidified after melting once, it changes.