HW 3

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Santa Ana College *

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MISC

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Chemistry

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Jan 9, 2024

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3.71 Classify each of the following as an element, a compound, or a mixture: (3.1) 1. carbon in pencils 2. carbon monoxide (CO) in automobile exhaust 3. orange juice 1. Carbon in pencils is a element 2. Carbon monoxide is a compound 3. Orange Juice is a mixture 3.72 Classify each of the following as an element, a compound, or a mixture: (3.1) 1. neon gas in lights 2. a salad dressing of oil and vinegar 3. sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) in bleach 1. A compound 2. A mixture 3. An element 3.73 Classify each of the following mixtures as homogeneous or heterogeneous: (3.1) 1. hot fudge sundae: heterogeneous 2. herbal tea: homogeneous 3. vegetable oil: heterogenous 3.74 Classify each of the following mixtures as homogeneous or heterogeneous: (3.1) 1. water and sand: heterogenous 2. mustard: homogeneous 3. blue ink: homogeneous
3.75 Identify each of the following as solid, liquid, or gas: (3.2) 1. vitamin tablets in a bottle: solid 2. helium in a balloon: gas 3. milk in a bottle: liquid 4. the air you breathe: gas 5. charcoal briquettes on a barbecue: solid 3.76 Identify each of the following as solid, liquid, or gas: (3.2) 1. popcorn in a bag: solid 2. water in a garden hose: liquid 3. a computer mouse: solid 4. air in a tire: gas 5. hot tea in a teacup: liquid 3.77 Identify each of the following as a physical or chemical property: (3.2) 1. Gold is shiny: chemical 2. Gold melts at 1064 °C: physical 3. Gold is a good conductor of electricity: physical 4. When gold reacts with sulfur, a black sulfide compound forms: chemical 3.78 Identify each of the following as a physical or chemical property: (3.2) 1. A candle is 10 in. high and 2 in. in diameter: physical 2. A candle burns: chemical 3. The wax of a candle softens on a hot day: chemical 4. A candle is blue: physical 3.79 Identify each of the following as a physical or chemical change: (3.2)
1. A plant grows a new leaf: physical 2. Chocolate: physical 3. Wood is chopped for the fireplace: physical change 4. Wood burns in a woodstove: physical change 3.80 Identify each of the following as a physical or chemical change: (3.2) 1. Aspirin tablets are broken in half: physical 2. Carrots are grated for use in a salad: physical 3. Malt undergoes fermentation to make beer: chemical change 4. A copper pipe reacts with air and turns green: chemical change 3.81 Calculate each of the following temperatures in degrees Celsius and kelvins: (3.3) 1. The highest recorded temperature in the continental United States was 134 °F in Death Valley, California, on July 10, 1913. Tk = T C + 273 = 134 +273 = 407 K ¿ F 321.8 T ¿ ¿ T C = ¿ = 57 C ¿ 2. The lowest recorded temperature in the continental United States was - 69.7 F in Rodgers Pass, Montana, on January 20, 1954. Tk = Tc + 273 = - 69.7 + 273 = 203.3 K Tc = (TF – 32)/1.8
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= -56.5 3.82 Calculate each of the following temperatures in kelvins and degrees Fahrenheit: (3.3) 1. The highest recorded temperature in the world was 58.0 °C in El Azizia, Libya, on September 13, 1922. TF = 1.8(58) + 32 = 136.4 F T K = Tc + 273 = 331 K 2. The lowest recorded temperature in the world was - 89.2 C in Vostok, Antarctica, on July 21, 1983. T K = Tc + 273 = 183.8 K TF = 1.8(-89.2) +32 = -128.56 F 3.83 What is -15 F in degrees Celsius and in kelvins? (3.3) TC = (TF – 3.2)/1.8 = -26.1 TF= 3.84 What is 56 °F in degrees Celsius and in kelvins? (3.3) Tc = (TF – 3.2)/1.8 = 29.3 F
3.85 A 0.50-g sample of vegetable oil is placed in a calorimeter. When the sample is burned, 18.9 kJ is given off. What is the energy value (kcal/g) for the oil? (3.5) The energy value in kJ = 18.9/ 0.50 = 37.8 kJ/g 37.8 kJ g × 1000 J 1 kJ × 1 kcal 1000 cal × 1 cal 4.184 J = 9.0344 kcal/g 3.86 A 1.3-g sample of rice is placed in a calorimeter. When the sample is burned, 22 kJ is given off. What is the energy value (kcal/g) for the rice? The energy value in kJ: 22/1.3 = 16.9 kJ/g 16.9 × kJ g × 1000 J 1 kJ × 1 kcal 1000 cal × 1 cal 4.184 = 4.0391 kcal/g 3.87. On a hot day, the beach sand gets hot but the water stays cool. Would you predict that the specific heat of sand is higher or lower than that of water? Explain. (3.6) The specific heat of sand is lower because sand has a larger temperature change in response to the same amount of heat. 3.88 On a hot sunny day, you get out of the swimming pool and sit in a metal chair, which is very hot. Would you predict that the specific heat of the metal is higher or lower than that of water? Explain. The metal has a lower heat than water. Same the amount of heat causes a greater temp to the metal 3.89 a. What is the approximate melting point of chloroform? -60 C b. What is the approximate boiling point of chloroform? 60 C c. On the heating curve, identify the segments A , B , C , D , and E as solid, liquid, gas, melting, or boiling. A. The solid since the temperature starts to rise B. The change from solid to liquid C. The liquid
D. The liquid transform to gas. d. At the following temperatures, is chloroform a solid, liquid, or gas? 3.90 A. 3 ice B. 4 solid and water presents at the same time of beaker C. 2 D.1 E. 5 3.91 What is the state of dibromomethane at – 75 C - In the solid state What happens on the curve at – 53 In the melt state What is the state of dibromomethane at – 18 In the liquid What is the state of dibromomethane at 110 °C? In the gas At what temperature will both solid and liquid be present? -53 C 3.92 The melting point of benzene is 5.5 °C and its boiling point is 80.1 °C. Sketch a heating curve for benzene from 0 °C to 100 °C. (3.7) 1. What is the state of benzene at 15 °C? solid state 2. What happens on the curve at 5.5 °C? Melt state 3. What is the state of benzene at 63 °C? liquid state
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4. What is the state of benzene at 98 °C? gas state 5. At what temperature will both liquid and gas be present above 80.1 C 3.93. If you want to lose 1 lb of “body fat,” which is 15% water, how many kilocalories do you need to expend? (3.5) The body fat for 15% of water: 0.81lbs x 9.4 kcal/g x 454 = 3461 kcal 3.94. A young patient drinks whole milk as part of her diet. Calculate the total kilocalories if the glass of milk contains 12 g of carbohydrate, 9 g of fat, and 9 g of protein. (Round off answers for each food type to the tens place.) (3.5) Total kilocalories: (12x4)+(5x9)+(4x9)= 125 kCal = 1.25x 10^2 kCal 3.95 A hot-water bottle for a patient contains 725 g of water at 65 °C. If the water cools to body temperature (37 °C), how many kilojoules of heat could be transferred to sore muscles? (3.6) The amount of water: 725g The change in water at the temperature: 65-37 = 28C The specific heat of water: 4.184 j Release of the heat = mS t = 725x28x4.814 = 84.9352 KJ 3.98 A 45-g piece of ice at 0.0 °C is added to a sample of water at 8.0 °C. All of the ice melts and the temperature of the water decreases to 0.0 °C. How many grams of water were in the sample? (3.6, 3.7) q = mass x heat of fusion (the heat of fusion for water is 333 J/g) q = (45 g)x(333 J/g) q = 14985 J
Now that you have the heat released by the water, use q = mcΔT 14985 = m x(4.18)x(8 - 0) m = 448.12 g 3.99. 1. How many kilograms of oil are needed to heat 150 kg of water from 22 °C to 100 °C? 2. How many kilograms of oil are needed to change 150 kg of water to steam at 100 °C? Q=msΔT Where m = mass of the water = 150 kg = 150000 grams Q = Heat required to rise the temperature by ΔT s = specific heat capacity of water = 4.18Jg C ΔT = change in temperature = 73 C calculate heat required for 140 kg of water to raise the temperature by 73 C Q=150,000×4.18×73= 45,771,000=4.577100×10^7J Heat required = Q = 4.5771 x 10 7 J Amount of Oil required to provide heat required 4.5771 × 10 7 5.291052 × 10 7 Amount of oil required = 0.86 kg ( After rounding off to 2 significant figures ) Becky is going to take her dog for walk in the park, but beforeshe leaves, she watches the weather report. According to theweather report, it is 75.0 F outside. What is theoutside temperature in kelvins?
3.100 When 1.0 g of gasoline burns, it releases 11 kcal. The density of gasoline is 0.74 g/mL. (3.4, 3.6) 1. How many megajoules are released when 1.0 gal of gasoline burns? 2. If a television requires 150 kJ/h to run, how many hours can the television run on the energy provided by 1.0 gal of gasoline? 3.101 An ice bag containing 275 g of ice at 0.0 °C was used to treat sore muscles. When the bag was removed, the ice had melted and the liquid water had a temperature of 24.0 °C. How many kilojoules of heat were absorbed? (3.6, 3.7)
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