CHEM1151 Lab Report- Pradhita Voore-2

B01496092 CHEM 1151 Section 015/016 September 20 th , 2023 (due date) Are These Objects Made of the Same Object? Section 1 When exploring the physical and chemical properties of the materials used, it is possible to observe the physical properties more than the chemical. This is due to chemical properties being able to change the identity of the material. There are two categories within the physical properties: extensive and intensive. Some examples of intensive are density, boiling, and melting point. A few extensive examples are mass, length, and volume, which are necessary to calculate based on the material. The key scientific concept occuring throughout the experiment is density. The connection between mass and volume, the factors necessary to describe density, is vital in figuring out the density of an object. Density is the amount of mass per unit of volume. The specific equation is: density = mass/volume. The objects may be different shapes and colors, as will be shown in this experiment. However, to determine if the materials used in this experiment are made of the same materials, as stated in the guiding question, it is necessary to use the densities and compare them against each other. If these densities are the same, they are made of the same material. The goal of this experiment is to collect and/or calculate the mass and volume to compare the materials. Ensuring that the significant figures are close enough for accuracy is very important as it can affect the values of the densities. The more precision there is, the more trustworthy the experiment will be.

B01496092 CHEM 1151 Section 015/016 September 20 th , 2023 (due date) Section 2 Volume is the amount of space an object occupies. The group determined the object's displacement in water to find volume or measure the dimensions (length, width, and diameter). The three objects used in this experiment are a yellow cylinder, a gold cylinder, and a white cube. Before measuring or finding out the displacement, the three objects were placed on an electronic balance, and their masses were recorded. Once this was done, the volume was calculated using the ruler. This meant measuring the length, width, and diameter of each object. A conversion method vital to this process was: 1 cm 3 = 1 mL. A sample calculation for the spill can method is provided here: Yellow Cylinder Volume: 14 mL Mass: 15.854 g The density equation mentioned in Section 1 of this lab report is used in this calculation. Density= mass divided by volume = 15.854 g / 14 mL = 1.132 g/mL This meant that the measurement the group got for each object in cm 3 was the same as the volume of each object in mL. The second method used was displacement in water. The materials

B01496092 CHEM 1151 Section 015/016 September 20 th , 2023 (due date) The objects used in the experiment are not made of the same materials based on the data collected, which showed a difference in the density of the objects. However, the two densities are very similar, which could prove a similarity between the yellow cylinder and the white cube. Ultimately, they are not the same, and the group still concluded that the three densities were different. The group found that with the Spill can method, the gold cylinder was the most dense object, and the gold cylinder was the densest with the ruler method. The density values between the two methods were close together. The density value for the yellow cylinder, for example, was 1.132 g/mL when using the Spill can, and it was 1.329 g/mL for the same object when using the measurement method. Measuring the other objects, it was noticed that there was a slight difference in density calculated between the two methods. If the objects were dropped from different heights, there could have been an error in the calculations. The measurements (volume) estimation could also have been wrong. This could be through doing the calculations incorrectly or missing a number when recording the information. The average densities (Table 2) using Spill Can #5 are as follows: gold cylinder- 7.914 g/mL, yellow cylinder- 1.132 g/mL, and white cube- 0.8963 g/mL. The average densities using the measurement method are gold cylinder- 9.754 g/cm 3 , yellow cylinder-1.329 g/cm 3 , and white cube- 1.147 g/cm 3 . All three objects had different densities, which is proven by the calculations. Although two of the densities are similar, they all have different densities compared to each other. Compared with the other groups, one group (Table 1) had two short cylinders and one long cylinder, and there were huge differences between the densities of the different groups. For example, their short copper cylinder's density was 7.1 g/mL after using the Spill can. For the same object, their density was 10.08 g/cm 3 after

B01496092 CHEM 1151 Section 015/016 September 20 th , 2023 (due date) measuring the dimensions or using the equations. The masses significantly differed between Table 2 and the other groups (Table 1), resulting in different densities. However, both groups can concur that the objects used were not made of the same materials. This is justified by all the measurements and comparing the densities of the three objects and the densities between the groups. Table 1 Values (Another group) Mass Volume Spill Can Other Method Short Copper Cylinder 71.223 g 14.000 mL 7.1000 g/mL 10.080 g/cm 3 Short Silver Cylinder 27.028 g 9.800 mL 2.5000 g/mL 3.0590 g/cm 3 Long Silver Cylinder 59.138 g 20.000 mL 1.8000 g/mL 3.0420 g/cm 3 Table 2 (Group 9) Mass Volume Spill Can Other Method Yellow Cylinder 15.854 g 11.928 cm 3 1.1320 g/mL 1.3290 g/cm 3 Gold Cylinder 77.560 g 7.9520 cm 3 7.9140 g/mL 9.7540 g/cm 3 White Cube 17.927 g 15.625 cm 3 0.89630 g/mL 1.1470 g/cm 3