Lab3 Report

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Georgia Institute Of Technology *

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1310

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Chemistry

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Oct 30, 2023

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3

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Application of the Beer-Lambert Law to Track the Concentration of Aqueous Copper(II) Ion in a Reduction Reaction 2 February 2023 CHEM 1310 Laboratory Data and Results Table 1. Dependence of maximum absorbance on molarity of aqueous copper(II) solutions. Figure 1. Beer-Lambert plot at 822.6 nm for aqueous copper(II) ion. y = 11.784x - 0.0864 R² = 0.9705 0.000 0.200 0.400 0.600 0.800 1.000 1.200 1.400 0.000 0.020 0.040 0.060 0.080 0.100 0.120 Absorbance at 822.6 nm Molarity (mol/L)
Table 2. Time evolution of copper(II) concentration in the reaction of copper metal with 3.0 M nitric acid. Figure 2. Time dependence of the reaction of copper metal with 6.0 M nitric acid 0.0000 0.0200 0.0400 0.0600 0.0800 0.1000 0.1200 0.1400 0.1600 0.1800 0.2000 0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 10.0 Concentration of Copper (mol/L) Time (min)
Discussion In part one of this experiment, it was necessary to measure out different concentrations of aqueous copper solution. One such concentration of this solution was solution number 2 (0.020 M Copper). To find the amount in mL of this solution necessary, I started with the equation 𝑀 1 𝑉 1 = 𝑀 2 𝑉 2 where M indicates molarity, and V indicates volume. Starting with the molarity of solution 6, 𝑀 1 = 0.10 mol/L, and the desired 𝑀 2 𝑉 2 , where 𝑀 2 = 0.020 mol/L and 𝑉 2 = 10 mL, we can then divide by 𝑀 1 on both sides of the equations to find 𝑉 1 = 2 mL of the stock solution. This process was repeated for each concentration of solutions 1 through 6. After this step, λ max was determined by analyzing the spectroscopy of the 0.10 mol/L solution. The maximum absorbance ( λ max ) was determined to be at a wavelength of 822.6 nm. After analyzing the absorbance at this λ max for each molarity, the data was plotted in the Beer-Lambert plot, and a line of best fit was extrapolated. The relationship between molarity and absorbance at 822.6 nm is represented by the equation: ? = 11.784? − 0.0864 where y = absorbance and x = molarity, with the echelon value ε = 11.784, and y-intercept of -0.0864. In part two of this experiment, copper was added to a 6.0 M nitric acid solution, and a chemical reaction takes place. It s evident that a reaction occurs because of 1.) the increasing amount of copper moles in the solution as indicated by the increasing absorbance of light 2.) a release of gas after the copper is added to solution, and 3.) a change in color of the solution. The increase in absorbance is indicative of an increase in the molarity of copper ions within the solution. This molarity can be determined numerically by taking the absorbance at a specific time interval and working backwards using the relationship between molarity and absorbance described in part one of the experiment. At 5.0 minutes, the absorbance of the solution is 0.671, plugging this value in as y in the equation ? = 11.784? − 0.0864 and isolating x (the molarity of copper ions in solution): (0.671+0.0864) 11.764 = ? , we can determine that at 5.0 minutes, the molarity of copper ions in solution is 0.0643 mol/L.
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