Gas Laws

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McGill University *

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120

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Chemistry

Date

Feb 20, 2024

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5

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23/01/2024, 7 : 56 PM Gas Laws Page 1 of 5 https://mycourses2.mcgill.ca/content/enforced/700188-XLS1659.20…em_110/manuals/120_hybrid/gasses.html ? ou=700188&d2l_body_type=3 Procedure Preparation of the Apparatus Figure 1 - Vernier display The instrument should be ready to use, and the display should look like Figure 1. If it does not, please inform your TA and they will help you identify the problem. The instrument is used in monitor mode only, so you will not need to access the touch screen once it is set up. Verify that the pressure sensor is connected to Channel 1 and the temperature probe to Channel 2 as in Figure 1. Clearly label your 125 mL Erlenmeyer flask. Vernier ID Each Vernier interface is identified by a number in the top right corner. Make sure to mark this number on the data sheet so that we can identify any problems with the experimental setup. !
23/01/2024, 7 : 56 PM Gas Laws Page 2 of 5 https://mycourses2.mcgill.ca/content/enforced/700188-XLS1659.20…em_110/manuals/120_hybrid/gasses.html ? ou=700188&d2l_body_type=3 Volume determination with standard CaCO 3 Place your flask on the balance and press O/T to tare the flask. Use a dry spatula to transfer about 0.4 g of standard CaCO 3 into a weight boat. Record the precise weight in your datasheet. Transfer the powder to your flask. Tap the flask gently to move the sample to the side of the flask. If you use more than 0.5 g of CaCO 3 , too much CO 2 will be produced; the pressure will exceed the capacity of the setup and that run will be unusable. However, using too small of a sample will result in a small pressure change, which will decrease the precision of the run. Fill a clean vial 3/4 full (~6 mL) with 4.5 M HCl. Wipe any spilled acid from the outside of the vial with a paper towel. Grip the vial of acid with your tweezers at one edge of the vial near its top. Carefully lower the vial, setting it upright in the bottom of the flask without touching the sample of calcium carbonate. Carefully clamp the flask at the neck to the bench stand so that it will not fall over. Open the 2-way valve and firmly press the rubber stopper into the flask. Your setup should now look like that shown in Figure 2. Connect the vacuum tubing to the 2-way valve and ensure the valve is Wet Glassware It is not crucial for your glassware to be dry. Calcium carbonate does not dissolve appreciably in water, so some residual water should have no impact on your experiment. ! Practice It is highly recommended that you practice the following steps with an empty vial and your empty 125 mL Erlenmeyer flask before actually doing the steps in the experiment. !
23/01/2024, 7 : 56 PM Gas Laws Page 3 of 5 https://mycourses2.mcgill.ca/content/enforced/700188-XLS1659.20…em_110/manuals/120_hybrid/gasses.html ? ou=700188&d2l_body_type=3 closed. Open the vacuum tap (vacuum line in the center column of your bench), and then open the 2-way valve. Pressure in the flask will decrease as indicated by the Vernier interface. If the pressure does not decrease, check your vacuum valves. When the pressure gets between 15 - 30 kPa, close the 2-way valve. Disconnect the vacuum tubing, and then turn o ff the vacuum tap. Wait until the pressure is stable ( i.e. pressure does not change by more than 0.1 kPa for 5 seconds). If the system drifts by less than 0.1 kPa every five seconds, this should not have any significant impact on your final results. Figure 2 - Assembly before reaction Reaction Record the initial pressure and temperature in the datasheet. Leaks If the system is not tightly sealed, the pressure will not stabilize. You must find and seal any leaks before going further. Most of the time, the leak is found around the rubber stopper. Press the stopper down firmly to seal the gap between the flask and stopper. If you cannot find and seal your leak, consult your TA. "
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23/01/2024, 7 : 56 PM Gas Laws Page 4 of 5 https://mycourses2.mcgill.ca/content/enforced/700188-XLS1659.20…em_110/manuals/120_hybrid/gasses.html ? ou=700188&d2l_body_type=3 Remove the flask from the extension clamp. Hold the flask gently by the neck and agitate it until the vial falls over and the acid spills into the flask. Shake the flask continuously for about 2 minutes to ensure complete reaction of the CaCO 3 . As the acid reacts with the antacid, CO 2 is rapidly released and the pressure in the flask will increase. Stop shaking when the gas ceases to be produced (the pressure stops increasing and remains stable). The setup at this point should look like Figure 3. Figure 3 - Assembly after reaction Record the final temperature and pressure in your datasheet. Open the 2-way valve and remove the rubber stopper from the flask. Wash the flask for the next run. Repeat the procedure twice with similar amounts of CaCO 3 . Running the experiment with the antacid tablets Make sure your flask is clean and still clearly labeled before you start. Precisely weigh the antacid tablet (use a weighing boat); record the weight and code number on your datasheet. Cover the tablet with a piece of Kimwipe towel and crush it into small pieces. Use about one fifth (1/5) to one quarter (1/4) of a tablet for each run. You will do a total of 3 runs with the antacid. Make sure to weigh precisely the portion of a tablet that you use for each trial. Proceed exactly as for the standard CaCO 3 procedure. Record all measurements in your datasheet. Remember to record both the mass of the entire tablet and the mass of the portion of the tablet that you use for each trial.
23/01/2024, 7 : 56 PM Gas Laws Page 5 of 5 https://mycourses2.mcgill.ca/content/enforced/700188-XLS1659.20…em_110/manuals/120_hybrid/gasses.html ? ou=700188&d2l_body_type=3 Clean-up Wash your flask and vial thoroughly with tap water (use soap and brush if necessary). When they are clean, rinse thoroughly with tap water, then once with distilled water. Finally, pour about 25 mL of acetone in the Erlenmeyer and swirl. Transfer the acetone to the vial and then discard in the waste bin. Pre-Lab Write out the procedure in your own words in point form. You do not need to include procedural elements related to the use of the Vernier interface. You may write it out by hand or type it and print it. Bring it to the lab, you will be required to show it to your TA. ?

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