Chem 107 Chapter 5 homework_Darlington-Anyanwu

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Feb 20, 2024

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Chapter 5 Homework The Nuclear Atom 1. How can we account for the fact that most of the alpha particles in the Rutherford scattering experiment passed directly through a solid sheet of gold? The atom contains a very small dense nucleus where the mass of the atom is concentrated while the rest of the atom is an empty space. The alpha particles pass through this empty space easily because the size of the nucleus is very small compared to the size of the atom. Thus, we can conclude that the α particles passes directly through the gold sheet 2. Describe the activity of electrons according to the planetary model of the atom that appeared after the Rutherford scattering experiment. The atom contains a very small nucleus in which protons and neutrons reside. Electrons being a negatively charged particle revolves around the nucleus as planets revolves around the sun. Electrons were thought to travel in circular orbits around the nucleus 5.4 Isotopes 3. Fill in the blanks in the following chart Element Element Symbol Atomic # # Protons # Neutrons Mass # Nuclear symbol Isotope name Potassiu m K 19 19 20 39 39 19 K Potassium-39 Aluminu m AL 13 13 14 27 27 13 Al Aluminum-27 polonium Po 84 84 125 209 209 84 Po Polonium-209 Iron Fe 26 26 30 56 56 26 Fe Iron-56 5.5 Atomic Mass 4. The mass of 60.4% of the atoms of an element is 68.9257u. The mass of the remaining 39.6% of the atoms of the element is 70.9249 u. Calculate the average atomic mass of the element. Using the periodic table, write the symbol and name of the element. 1

Chapter 5 Homework 60.4% percent abundance with mass = 68.9257u 39.6% percent abundance with mass= 70. 9249 Average atomic mass =percent abundance X atom masses =0.604 X 68.9257 + 0.396 X 70.9249 =69.717, gallium, Ga Name of element ==Gallium Symbol = Ga 5. The mass of 57.25% of the atoms of an element is 120.9038 u. The mass of the remaining 42.75% of the atoms of the element is 122.9041 u. Calculate the average atomic mass of the element. Using the periodic table, write the symbol and name of the element. Atomic mass=0.5725 x 120.9038u + 0.4275 x 122.9041 = 121.7590, antimony, Sb Name of element: Antimony Symbol ==== Sb 5.6 The Periodic Table 6. Locate in the periodic table each element whose atomic number is given, and identify first the number of the period it is in and then the number of the group a. 20 --- Ca, 4, 2A/2 b. 14----- Si, 3, 4A/14 c. 43---- Tc, 5, 7B/7 7. List the atomic masses of the elements whose atomic numbers are a. 30---- Element –ZN Atomic mass----65.39 b. 56-----Element is Barium Atomic mass--- 137.327 c. 98------ Element is Californium and Atomic mass is 251 2

Chapter 5 Homework 8. Fill in the blanks Name of Element Atomic Number Symbol of Element Calcium 20 Ca Neon 10 Ne Sulfur 16 S Sodium 11 Na Zinc 30 Zn Aluminum 13 Al Potassium 19 K - 3

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