Unit 1 Lab Assignment

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Broward College *

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1000L

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Chemistry

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Feb 20, 2024

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Unit 1 Lab Assignment Name Date Course ID ESC1000L Activity 1.1: Mechanical Cohesion Properties of Minerals Question 1: Images (a) and (b) are two mineral samples, calcite and limonite respectively. Describe any cleavage or fracture exhibited in the samples and explain how you came to your conclusions regarding the samples. Image a: Image b: Photos by L. Curtis – (a) Calcite (b) Limonite A: calcite has three sets of cleavage and is smooth. We can see planes. B: Limonite shows fracture and is ruff. We can only see the fractures with no planar surface.

Question 2: Image (c) is a sample of dolomite. A student attempts to scratch the surface with his fingernail and is unable to do so. Then, he scratches the sample against a piece of glass, which remains unscratched. What assumptions can be made about the sample? Image c: Photo by L. Curtis – (c) Dolomite C: Glass hardness is 5.5. Dolomite’s hardness is 3.4 -5 Activity 1.2: Optical Properties of Minerals Question 3: Determine the streak of the samples below. Cinnabar: Reddish Brown

Pyrite: Green to black brownish Question 4: Calcite exhibits double refraction. Explain what that means. Response:when looking through calcite it will look as if its doubled. This is light entering the crystal and splits into two different rays. Activity 1.3: Special Properties of Minerals Question 5: Below you will see images of Sulfur, Magnetite and Calcite. Using internet research, write an explanation for each sample about the special properties that could help a student to identify these minerals. Sulfur: What can help a student identify sulfur is its yellow color and smell.

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Magnetite: Magnetite is magnetic and has a gray color and is not see through. Calcite: calcite is florescence, rhombic cleavage, and effervescence.

Activity 1.4: Identification of Minerals Question 6: Using the provided definitions and the identity tables below as a guide, identify the mineral samples given to you by your instructor in the Lab 1 Video. Sample Hardness Streak Color Cleavage/ Fracture Specific Gravity Diaphaneity luster Other Properties Name 1 3 white White clear cleavage 2.7 Vitreous Acid will change color Calcite 2 colorless Black brownish white fracture 4-4.5 dull Corundum 3 5.5-6.5 black Black brownish 5 dull magnetic Magnetite 4 2.5-3 white Black and white Cleavage 1 dir 3 vitreous or pearly Biotite Mica 5 7 colerless colorless 2.6-3.5 vitreous Quartz 6 White colorless tan Cleavage2 dir 3-3.5 vitreous Potassium Feldspar (Orthoclase, Microcline) 7 1 white Gray whitegreen Cleavage 1 dir 2.8 greasy Talc 8 <5.5 white Colorless green purple blue yellow Cleavage 4 dir 3.0 vitreous Fluorite 9 <2.5 white White clear Gray yellow fracture 2.1-2.4 vitreous Gypsum 10 1.5 black Gray black Cleavage 1 dir 2.2 greasy graphite

Mineral Identification Tables Metallic to Sub-Metallic Luster Minerals Hardness Streak Color Cleavage/ Fracture Specific Gravity Other Properties Name 1 green to blue/gray gray Cleavage - 1 dir. 4.7 greasy feel Molybdenite 1 - 1.5 gray to black gray to black Cleavage - 1 dir. 2.25 greasy feel Graphite 1.5 - 2 gray to black indigo blue Cleavage – 1 dir. 4.68 iridescent yellow and red Covellite 2.5 Gray gray Cleavage – 3- dir. 7.5 Galena 2.5 - 3 black to lead gray black to lead gray Fracture 6.46 brittle Chalcocite 3 gray- black bronze, iridescence that is red-purple Fracture 5.0 Bornite 3.5 – 4 green- black brassy yellow, often tarnished Fracture 4.2 most common copper mineral Chalcopyrite 4 – 5.5 yellow- brown to red yellow-brown, orange-brown, dark brown Fracture 2.7-4.3 Limonite (Goethite) 4.5 - 5 reddish- brown steel-gray to red-brown Fracture 4.5 most common iron mineral Hematite 5.5 – 6.5 Black black Fracture 5.0 strongly magnetic Magnetite 6 – 6.5 green to brownish black gold to pale brassy yellow Fracture 5.0 Pyrite Non-Metallic Luster Minerals Hardness Streak Color Cleavage/ Fracture Specific Gravity Luster Name 1 White white Cleavage – 1 dir. 2.8 pearly or greasy / dull Talc 1 – 2.5 Yellow yellow Fracture pearly Sulfur 2 White colorless, white, gray, yellow Fracture 2.1 – 2.4 vitreous Gypsum

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Hardness Streak Color Cleavage/ Fracture Specific Gravity Luster Name 2.5 White colorless, blue, yellow- blue Cleavage – 3 dir. 2.2 – 2.4 vitreous Halite 2.7 – 3.1 gray to white black, dark green or brown Cleavage – 1 dir. 2.8 vitreous or pearly Biotite Mica 2.7 - 3 White gray, green or colorless Cleavage – 1 dir. 3.0 vitreous Muscovite Mica 3 White colorless or white Cleavage – 3 dir. 2.7 vitreous Calcite 3 – 3.5 White colorless or white Cleavage – 2 dir. 4.5 vitreous Barite 3 – 3.5 White white, gray, brown, pink Cleavage – rhombic vitreous or pearly Dolomite 3.5 - 4 Green Green Fracture 4.0 silky to dull Malachite 3.5 – 4 light yellow to brown dark brown, black or yellow Cleavage – 6 dir. 4.0 resinous to sub-metallic adamantine Sphalerite 4 White colorless, white, yellow, purple, blue, green Cleavage – 4 dir. 3.0 vitreous Fluorite 5 White yellow, green, blue, brown Fracture vitreous Apatite 6 Gray dark green to black Cleavage – 2 dir. vitreous Augite (Pyroxene) 6 gray-white dark green, black, or brown Cleavage – 2 dir. 3.0 vitreous Hornblende (Amphibole) 6 white or gray olive green to brown Fracture vitreous to adamantine Olivine

Hardness Streak Color Cleavage/ Fracture Specific Gravity Luster Name 6 colorless to white white to dark gray Cleavage – 2 dir. 3.0 vitreous Plagioclase Feldspar (Albite, Labradorite, etc.) 6 colorless to white white, tan, red, orange, green, colorless Cleavage – 2 dir. 2.5 vitreous or pearly Potassium Feldspar (Orthoclase, Microcline) 7 colorless colorless, white, gray, purple, pink, black, yellow, green Fracture 2.6 – 3.5 vitreous Quartz 9 colorless gray, brown, blue, red, colorless Fracture 4.0 – 4.5 dull to vitreous, adamantine Corundum 8 colorless to white clear, brown, black, tan Cleavage - Orthorhombic 3.5 vitreous Topaz