Week 2 Lab Document

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Chamberlain University College of Nursing *

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120

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Chemistry

Date

Feb 20, 2024

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docx

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CHEM120 OL, Week 2 Lab Name: OL Lab 2: Periodic Table/Ionic and Covalent Bonds Learning Objectives  Describe the structure and organization of the periodic table  Classify elements of a family based on their location in the periodic table  Distinguish metals from other element classes based on typical characteristics  Use the flame color test to identify metals based on their position in the periodic table  Explain valence electrons and oxidation state of a main group element to its position in the periodic table  Describe the main trends among groups and periods for atomic properties  Explain the causes on the atomic level for the main trends among groups and periods concerning atomic radii, ionization energy and electronegativity  Describe the formation of ionic and covalent bonds  Identify anions and cations  Apply the octet rule  Describe ionic lattice structure  Draw Lewis dot structures  Explain the formation of single, double, and triple bonds  Distinguish between ionic compounds and covalent compounds Introduction Have you ever wondered how atoms are held together? In this simulation, you will learn the basics about atomic bonding in ionic and covalent compounds, and how to distinguish those compounds experimentally. With all this knowledge, you will help your friend analyze two mysterious substances he received from an alchemist. By testing their specific physical properties, you’ll be able to identify the nature of the substances. Finally, you will learn how ions form lattice structures and how this influences the property of a compound. Test solubility and conductivity Atoms can interact in many different ways, creating new compounds with unique properties. In the first mission of the Ionic and Covalent Bonds simulation, your task is to choose appropriate laboratory equipment to test the solubility and conductivity of the two substances. You will explore how these properties differ in ionic and covalent compounds. Draw Lewis dot structures In the second part of the Ionic and Covalent Bonds simulation, you will learn about the octet rule and how to apply this to building Lewis dot structures in a virtual drawing activity. You will see that there are many ways that covalent bonds can be formed, depending on the compound and electron configuration. You will also learn how to identify lone pair electron in a covalent bond.

CHEM120 OL, Week 2 Lab Name: Determine melting points In the last mission, your task is to determine the melting point of the two substances by using a melting point apparatus. You will explore how your results are connected to the ability of ions to form a lattice structure. Part 1: Complete Labster lab Periodic Table of Elements: Get the table organized in time! (about 40 mins) Complete all activities and answer all questions within the lab and then complete the questions below: 1. For each of the following elements, give another element in the same family (2 points) a. F : Cl b. Mg : Cd c. C : Sn d. S: Se 2. In your own words, describe the term electronegativity Electronegativity is the ability of an atom to attract a shared pair of electrons to complete its valence. 3. In your own words, describe the term ionization energy Ionization energy is the least amout of energy required to remove a valence electron from an atom or molecule. Part 2: Complete Labster Lab Ionic and Covalent Bonds (about 40 mins) Complete all activities and answer all questions within the lab and then complete the questions below: 1. Purpose: Describe in complete sentences and in your own words, the purpose of this experiment.

CHEM120 OL, Week 2 Lab Name: The purpose of this experiment was to teach how atoms attrach each other and to be able to distinguish between ionic and covalent bonds. 2. Observations: Record three observations from the simulation. I. Increase in atomic radias in a period s due to the increase number of protons. II. Increase in the atomic radius in a group is due to the increase in electron shells III. Electronegativity increases across a period. 3. In your own words, explain the term Ionic bond Ionic bond is the transferring of electrons from a metal to a non-metal to obtain the octet state for both atoms. 4. In your own words, explain the term Covalent bond Covalent bond is the sharing of electrons between two atoms. 5. For each of the below, predict the expected ion each could become by giving the charges (2 points) a. O : O 2 - b. Li: Li + c. Mg : Mg 2 + d. N : N 3 6. For each of the molecules below, determine what molecular shape you would expect a. HCN: linear b. PCl 3 : trigonal pyramidal 7. Reflection: Consider what you learned from this simulation. Reflect on three to four key concepts that you learned in this lab exercise. How could the lessons learned in this virtual lab relate to a real world situation in the community/world or your future career? Be specific in your answer (this should require 5-10 sentences).

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CHEM120 OL, Week 2 Lab Name: In this simulation, I have learned about Ionic and Covalent bonds. How molecules are connected and what it takes to get to their ultimate state of 8. The octet rule is the stable state that elelments strive for. They either loose or gain electrons to get there. Noble gases have a complete octet state without losing or gaining electrons. Element in the same group are considered of the same family. They have the same number of valence electrons. Valence electrons are the electrons in the outermost shell. Grading Rubric: Activity Deliverable Points Part I Complete Periodic Table simulation 10 Part II Complete Ionic and Covalent Bonding simulation 10 Part III Complete lab report and answer questions  Purpose (1 point)  Observation (7 points)  Questions (5 points)  Reflection (2 points) 15 Total Complete all lab activities 35