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18 • Acids-Base Reactions
BACKGROUND KNOWLEDGE
There are ideas from chapters 3, 5, 6, and 16 that we need for Ch 18.
1.
Write the products for the following reaction:
HCl(aq) + NaOH(aq)
2.
Write the net ionic equation for the above reaction.
____________________________________
3.
Write the products for the following reaction:
HF(aq) + NaOH(aq)
4.
Write the net ionic equation for the above reaction.
____________________________________
5.
Circle the pH choices for the following three acid-base reaction situations.
Acid
Base
pH at the Endpoint (circle choice)
strong
strong
less than 7
|
7
|
more than 7
strong
weak
less than 7
|
7
|
more than 7
weak
strong
less than 7
|
7
|
more than 7
6.
Consider the following equilibria:
HC2H3O2 + H2O H3O+ + C2H3O2
Ka = 1.8 x 10-5
NH3 + H2O NH4+ + OH
Kb = 1.8 x 10-5
H2O + H2O H3O+ + OH
Kw = 1.0 x 10-14
Re-write each of these equations below using large and small molecules to
communicate whether
each is reactant-favored or product-favored.
7.
These three equations can be combined to form one net equation.
Which
equation must be reversed?
What happens to its K value when it is reversed?
8.
Hopefully you said the THIRD equation must be reversed and the reciprocal of
Kw is the new K value.
HC2H3O2 + H2O H3O+ + C2H3O2
Ka = 1.8 x 10-5
NH3 + H2O NH4+ + OH
Kb = 1.8 x 10-5
H3O+ + OH H2O + H2O
K = 1/Kw = 1/1.0 x 10-14 =
___________
Show how these three equations combine.
How do we combine the K values?
Write the net equation and calculate the Knet for the reaction.
Is the net reaction reactant-favored or product-favored?
____________________
9.
Which of the three equations “drives” the net reaction, that is, which
equation makes the
net equation product-favored?
10.
If 20.0 mL of 0.100 M HCl is mixed with 10.0 mL of 0.200 M NaOH:
a)
How many moles of HCl and how many moles of NaOH are being mixed?
Show
work.
b)
How many moles of NaCl are formed? ________________
c)
When the two solutions are combined, what is the new volume?
____________
d)
Calculate the [NaCl] in the mixture.
Show work.
e)
[Na+] = ________ and [Cl] = _________
f)
What is the pH of the mixture?
______
Explain.
11.
If 20.0 mL of 0.100 M HF is mixed with 10.0 mL of 0.200 M NaOH, calculate the
[F] of the mixture.
12.
Calculate the pH of the resulting solution.
Show your ICE Box and all work.
Ka HF = 7.2 x 10-4
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CHM 1360
Lab 1 Buffers Worksheet
Type your answers to the following questions. Make sure to use complete sentences. For images that need to be hand drawn, take a digital picture of your image and insert it into your worksheet.
Insert your lab notebook image of the pH plot from your preparation of the acetate buffer.
Draw the Lewis structures for acetic acid (CH3COOH) and acetate (CH3COO-). On each structure, label the carboxylic acid or carboxylate functional group. Also, label the acidic hydrogen (if it has one).
In the first experiment you prepared a buffer by combining solutions of acetic acid and sodium acetate.
Write the chemical equation for the equilibrium of acetic acid and acetate in water. Include the states of the reactants.
Write a net ionic equation that shows how this buffer neutralizes added acid (HCl).
Write a net ionic equation that shows how this buffer neutralizes…
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An aqueous solution contains 0.417 M nitrous acid.
Calculate the pH of the solution after the addition of 5.38x10-2 moles of sodium hydroxide to 250 mL of this solution.
(Assume that the volume does not change upon adding sodium hydroxide).
pH =
*3
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Submit Answer
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1.0 X 10-14
8.69
2.01 X 10-5
7.34 X 10-8
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____________________
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