Atomic structure - student copy

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YISHUN INNOVA JUNIOR COLLEGE 2021 JC2 H2 CHEMISTRY ATOMIC STRUCTURE (FOUNDATION) ACJC/2020/I/4 1 The successive ionisation energies (IE) of two elements, M and N , are given below. IE / kJ mol – 1 1 st 2 nd 3 rd 4 th 5 th 6 th 7 th 8 th M 550 1065 4138 5500 6910 8760 10230 11800 N 114 0 2103 3470 4560 5760 8550 9940 18600 What is the likely formula of the compound that is formed between M and N ? A MN B MN 2 C M 2 N D M 3 N 2 ASRJC/2020/I/1 2 Beams of charged particles are deflected by an electric field. In an experiment, protons are deflected by an angle of +15º. In another experiment, under identical conditions, particle A is deflected by an angle of – 5º. What could be the composition of particle A ? protons neutrons electrons A 1 2 2 B 3 3 2 C 3 3 4 D 4 5 1

ASRJC/2020/I/3 3 Which particle would, on losing two electrons, have a half – filled p subshell? A Ga  B Se  C Te + D As 2+ NJC/2020/I/6 4 Which particle has more neutrons than protons and more electrons than neutrons? A 13 CO 3 2 – B NO 2 + C 32 S 2 – D N 2 + ASRJC/2020/II/1a-b 5 One early nineteenth century Periodic Table had copper placed in the same group as potassium because they both formed +1 ions. (a) State the full electronic configurations of potassium and copper atoms. [1] (b) (i) The mass of an atom is the sum of the masses of all subatomic particles it contains. Calculate the mass, in kg, of one atom of 64 29 Cu . Quote relevant values from the Data Booklet and give your answer to three significant figures. [2] (ii) During the process of ionisation, a Cu atom loses an electron. Cu(g)  Cu + (g) + e − State the electronic configuration of Cu + . Explain your answer. [2] (iii) On the Cartesian axes given in Fig. 1.1, sketch the shape of the following three 3d orbitals found in copper atom.

Fig. 1.1 [2] EJC/2020/II/1d 6 (d) Table 1.2 shows the successive ionisation energies of an element A . Table 1.2 ionisation energies / kJ mol − 1 1 st 2 nd 3 rd 4 th 5 th 6 th 7 th 8 th 9 th 10 th element A 945 1794 2735 4839 6056 11690 14180 17370 20550 23830 (i) Explain why the successive ionisation energies of an element always increase. [1] (ii) Is element A likely to be from the same group as nitrogen? Explain your answer clearly. [2] (iii) State and explain how the first ionisation energy of element A will compare to that of the element to its right in the periodic table. [1] x y z x y z x y z 3d xz 3d z 2 3d x 2 – y 2

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NJC/2020/II/5d 7 (d) The basis of the technique of NMR is that any atomic nucleus, which has either an odd mass number or atomic number will be NMR active. Deuterium, 2 H (or D 1 2 ), is an isotope of 1 H and it is also NMR active. (i) On top of 1 H and 2 H nuclei, suggest another NMR active nuclei that could be used to deduce the structures of hydrocarbons . [1] (ii) Beams of charged particles are deflected by an electric field. If the particles are all travelling at the same speed, through an electric field of constant strength, the angle of deflection is proportional to their charge/mass ratio. In a particular experimental set- up, protons are deflected through an angle of −12  . Assuming identical set of experimental conditions, by what angles will the following particles be deflected?  D −  12 C + [2] SAJC/2020/II/1a-b 8 (a) (i) On the axis below, sketch a graph to show the eleven ionisation energies for sodium. Explain the following features shown in your graph  the general trend in ionisation energy  significant change in values between ionisation energies ionisation energy 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 number of electrons removed

[3] (ii) State one similarity and one difference (other than difference in energy) between the lowest and highest energy occupied orbital in sodium. Similarity Difference [1] (b) (i) State two factors that affect the behaviour of beams of positively charged particles in an electric field. [1] (ii) On the diagram below, show how a beam of particles containing sodium ions, copper atoms and electrons deflects as they pass through an electric field at the same speed. Label your answer clearly. [2] TJC/2020/II/1a-b 9 (a) Elements can be synthetically produced via nuclear reactions. During the process, protons or neutrons are injected ‘like bullets’ at the nucleus of an atom in producing the synthetic element. A scientist attempts to produce P 15 32 using a neutron and an isotope E of another element. one neutron + isotope E  P 15 32 + H 1 3 (i) Identify isotope E . [1] (ii) Draw the energy level diagram, showing the electronic configuration of P 15 32 in the ground state. [2] + - beam of particles

(iii) Draw a clearly-labelled diagram to show the shape of one of the singly-occupied orbitals in 32 P. [1] (iv) Describe one similarity and one difference between a 3s and a 3p orbital. 3s and 3p orbital Similarity Difference [1]

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(b) Elements with an unstable atomic nucleus undergo radioactive decay. Americium – 241 is commonly used in smoke detectors. It works by emitting a constant stream of  – particles, which are similar to the nucleus of Helium – 4. Strontium – 90 is another radioactive substance. On decaying, it emits  – particles, which can be considered as electrons. A small amount of Americium – 241 and Strontium – 90 are separately placed in an ionisation chamber to emit a constant stream of radiation and the emitted particles are passed through an electric field. (i) On the diagram below, sketch the deflection path for the emitted particles in an electric field. You may label the emitted particles from Americium – 241 and Strontium – 90 as  – particles and  – particles respectively. + [1] (ii) Explain qualitatively the difference in deflection path and angle respectively for the emitted particles in b(i) . [1] (iii) A deflection of _ 8° was observed when a beam of  – particles was passed through an electric field. In another experiment, a beam of doubly charged particles X was passed through the electric field under the same experimental conditions. The angle of deflection was found to be +2°. Identify the ion X . Show your working. [2] Ionisation Chamber Emitted particles from 241 Am and 90 Sr

VJC/2020/II/1a 10 (a) Complete the diagram to show the relative energies of all the electrons in an iron atom. (i) [1] (ii) Write an equation for the second ionisation energy of iron. [1] (iii) Explain why the second ionisation energy of iron is lower than that of chromium. [1] energy 1s 

YISHUN INNOVA JUNIOR COLLEGE 2021 JC2 H2 CHEMISTRY ATOMIC STRUCTURE (ADVANCED) TMJC/2020/I/9 1 Which option shows the correct number of protons, neutrons and electrons in the bicarbonate ion? protons neutrons electrons A 23 30 23 B 23 33 24 C 31 30 31 D 31 33 32 VJC/2020/I/1 2 Which particle contains the most number of unpaired electrons? A Cr B Cu 2+ C Mn 2+ D Te 2 –

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VJC/2020/I/8 3 The following graph shows the second ionisation energy of eight consecutive elements. Element P belongs to Period 3 of the Periodic Table. It has poor electrical conductivity and its chloride has a simple molecular structure. With reference to the graph above, which of the options A , B , C or D , corresponds to the second ionisation energy of element P? 2nd IE Atomic number A B C D

HCI/2020/II/2a 4 (a) The graph in Fig. 2.1 shows the successive ionisation energies for the removal of the first 15 electrons of Fe x + . Fig. 2.1 Deduce the value of x . [2] Energy/ kJ mol -1 Number of electrons removed