Individual Assignment #2

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Centennial College *

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Apr 3, 2024

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Title: Understanding the Russian Invasion of Ukraine: Economic, Geopolitical, and Humanitarian Implications Name - Manpreet Kaur (301303030) Course – International Marketing (MKTG732-001) Professor- Dr. Tulsi Dharel Date-18 TH March,2024 Introduction:

Vladimir Putin, the president of Russia, launched a massive, multi-pronged invasion of Ukraine on February 24, 2022, calling it a "special military operation." This marked the beginning of the most recent escalation in the conflict between Russia and Ukraine. The aim of this attack was to overthrow the government and quickly seize control of much of the eastern region, including Kyiv. Despite their victories in the south of Ukraine, Russian forces encountered resistance in Kyiv and suffered defeats in the north by the end of March. After that, Moscow turned its attention to capturing the whole Donbas area, including the oblasts of Luhansk and Donetsk, which had been under Russian and proxy control in 2014 and 2015 (Pifer, 2022). The battle lines stabilized in August following months of intense warfare, with Russian forces taking control of most of Luhansk but failing to make substantial progress in Donetsk. Two counteroffensives were undertaken by the Ukrainian military in September. A northeastern one forced Russian soldier out of Kharkiv oblast and attacked Luhansk oblast. Russian soldiers were solely occupying the territory east of the Dnipro River, splitting Ukraine, until a strong counteroffensive in November forced them out of Kherson city and its environs in the south. Therefore, one of the biggest geopolitical disputes of the twenty-first century is the Russian invasion of Ukraine, which has implications for international law, regional stability, and global security. The objective of this assignment is to present a thorough examination of the invasion's reasons, the effects it had on international relations and globalization, and how nationalism influenced the conflict. Factors Driving the Russian Invasion of Ukraine: Historical Background: The conflict's origins may be found in the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991 and the following rise of independent nations, such as Ukraine. Russia has always considered Ukraine to be under its sphere of influence, and Russian nationalists continue to be deeply hurt by the country's 1954 loss of Crimea. Perceived Threats to Russian Interests: Vladimir Putin, the president of Russia, believed that Russia's important national interests were in danger due to developments in Ukraine's internal politics and support for Western powers. Putin concluded that maintaining Russia's security depended on keeping Ukraine from "escaping" to a hostile camp. A factor in the decision to use

military force to intervene was the concern that one would lose power in a Neighbour (Spring,2023). Exhaustion of Non-Military alternatives: Putin could have thought that all non-military alternatives had been explored, despite trying to influence Ukraine's course through diplomacy and other non-military measures. Putin may have resorted to military action as a final option due to this feeling of diplomatic deadlock or incapacity. Geopolitical Strategic Interests: Moscow has a strong interest in Ukraine due to its strategic importance in the region, especially due to its proximity to Russia and its ability to reach the Black Sea. One way to see Russia's invasion is as an effort to impose its will on the area and keep Ukraine from siding with NATO and the European Union. Western Assistance to Ukraine: The fact that the West has continued to help Ukraine, especially militarily, may have encouraged Putin to prolong the war. Putin may have been more determined to expand Russian dominance in the area if he believed that Western assistance gave Ukraine more confidence. Consequences of the Russian Invasion of Ukraine: Impact on Humanitarians: The conflict has had serious negative effects on people's lives, including poverty, displacement, and civilian deaths. The Russia-Ukraine War Report Card consistently provides information on casualty numbers, civilian dislocation, and fatalities. Thousands of people were compelled to leave their homes because of the continued violence, both inside Ukraine and to neighboring countries. Economic Fallout: The conflict has impacted the world markets, as well as the economies of Russia and Ukraine. The war report explains the effects on infrastructure, the economy, and public support on both sides. The region's economic growth and stability have been impeded by various economic disturbances, including trade interruptions, infrastructure damage, and increased military spending. Domestic Political Dynamics: Russia, Ukraine, and the US have all seen changes in their domestic political systems because of the war. The war has been exploited in Russia to strengthen support for Putin's administration and nationalist feeling. Debates about security,

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sovereignty, and ties with Russia have been shaped by the war's impact on public opinion and political discourse in Ukraine. Discussions on the United States' response to Russian aggression and military assistance to Ukraine have turned into contentious political disputes. Connection to Course Learning Outcomes: Understanding Geopolitical Dynamics: The Russian invasion of Ukraine offers a practical case study for comprehending the complex links between strategic goals, historical grievances, and ethnic dynamics that play a role in geopolitical confrontations. Analyzing International Relations: Students can examine the dynamics of international relations and the difficulties of conflict resolution by looking at the responses of global players to the invasion, such as the sanctions imposed by Western nations and diplomatic attempts to broker peace. Examining Nationalism and Identity: As Russia and Ukraine both use nationalist narratives to strengthen support at domestic levels and defend their actions, the invasion brings to light the influence of nationalism and identity politics on international wars. Impact of war on Ukraine’s Economy: Poverty and Food Insecurity: Poverty rates have skyrocketed from 5.5% to 24.2% in 2022 (Kilfoyle, 2023) because of the conflict in Ukraine, which has also caused a substantial increase in food insecurity. 15 years of progress have been reversed as an extra 7.1 million people (about twice the population of Oklahoma) have been forced into poverty. Even though Ukraine used to be one of the world's top exporters of agricultural products, one in three households there—and up to one in two in some areas—face food insecurity now. Agriculture: Considerable damage has been done to the region's soil, farming has been disrupted, and farmers in an area notable for its agricultural production have been forced to relocate because of the conflict in Ukraine. Agriculture employed a substantial percentage of the population and made a huge contribution to export earnings before the war, making Ukraine a leading producer of agricultural goods in the world. Some relief was given by initiatives aimed at reviving agricultural exports, such the Black Sea Grain Initiative, but their sustainability is

hampered by the conflict's persistent interruption. Ukraine’s agricultural picture becomes more complicated when Russia withdraws from this project in July 2023 (Kilfoyle, 2023). Impact on Globalization and International Order: Fink’s Perspectives: Fink thinks that the end of globalization is coming sooner rather than later because of the conflict in Ukraine. This suggests that he views the war as a major disruptor that can break the interdependence and connectivity between countries and economies that have been hallmarks of globalization over the past few decades (Basiouny, 2022). Reevaluation of Security arrangements: Europe's security arrangements have been reevaluated because of the invasion, with NATO stepping up its presence in Eastern Europe in reaction to Russian aggression. The area is becoming more militarized, which might worsen tensions and impede attempts at regional integration and collaboration. Canadian Economic and Trade Impact: In response to Russia's invasion of Ukraine, Canada, and its Western allies-imposed sanctions on the Russian government. These sanctions target the energy, financial, and defense sectors of the Russian economy to put pressure on Moscow economically and compel a diplomatic settlement of the dispute. But Canada also faces economic consequences from the sanctions, especially in industries like mining and energy that have close links to Russia. References Basiouny, A. (April 22, 2022). Here's why globalization is here to stay. World Economic Forum. https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2022/04/globalization-decline-ukraine-war/ Kilfoyle, M. (October 24, 2023). Ukraine: what’s the global economic impact of Russia’s invasion? Economics Observatory. https://www.economicsobservatory.com/ukraine-whats-the- global-economic-impact-of-russias-invasion

Mankoff, J. (April 22,2022). Russia’s War in Ukraine: Identity, History, and Conflict. Center for Strategic & International Studies. https://www.csis.org/analysis/russias-war-ukraine- identity-history-and-conflict . NATO. (February 22, 2024). NATO's response to Russia's invasion of Ukraine. NORTH ATLANTIC TREATY ORGANISATION. https://www.nato.int/cps/en/natohq/topics_192648.htm Pifer, S. (December 8, 2022). The Russia Ukraine war and its ramifications for Russia. Brookings. https://www.brookings.edu/articles/the-russia-ukraine-war-and-its-ramifications-for- russia/ Spring. (2023). Drivers and consequences of the Russia- Ukraine war. Harward Kenedy School. https://www.belfercenter.org/publication/drivers-and-consequences-russia-ukraine-war

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