Corporate Governance and Leadership Strategy at Disney

Programme MSc Management Module name Executive Leadership and Governance Schedule Term Term 3 Student Reference Number (SRN) BP0260918 Report/Assignment Title Report on Disney Date of Submission (Please attach the confirmation of any extension received) May 02, 2023 Declaration of Original Work: I hereby declare that I have read and understood BPP’s regulations on plagiarism and that this is my original work, researched, undertaken, completed and submitted in accordance with the requirements of BPP School of Business and Technology. The word count, excluding contents table, bibliography and appendices, is _4500__ words. Student Reference Number: BP0260918 Date: May 02, 2023 By submitting this coursework you agree to all rules and regulations of BPP regarding assessments and awards for programmes. Please note, submission is your declaration you are fit to sit. BPP University reserves the right to use all submitted work for educational purposes and may request that work be published for a wider audience. BPP School of Business and Technology

Executive Leadership and Governance

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Part A Introduction This paper is all about the company Disney. Management's strategy, corporate culture, and corporate governance and regulations will all be scrutinised. Corporate governance is set up within an organisation on the basis of a set of laws, rules, procedures and policies for ensuring accountability within the same. Corporate governance has been regarded as an important aspect for businesses as it helps the businesses in creating a system of practices and rules that helps the organisation in determining the internal operations and aligning the interest of all the stakeholders of the company with its operations. Good corporate governance initiates the companies to follow ethical business practices which help the companies in gaining financial viability. Good corporate governance has also included the board of directors within an organisation communicating regularly and retaining control over the business activities and clearly defining and accomplishing their respective responsibilities. Hence, corporate governance has been described as a cornerstone for a successful business by global leaders. The company Disney has been experiencing issues in risk mitigation strategies and therefore, the study has focused on developing a corporate governance strategy for the company. The company Walt Disney has been regarded as an American film-producing, animation-making company and has been regarded as the pioneer of the American animation industry. The company has been employing a great number of employees and has been maintaining a complete organisation structure and culture. Hence, the study has focused on evaluating the organisation and culture and leadership style of the company along with evaluating a corporate governance strategy for the organisation that would be especially beneficial for its risk management and regulatory landscape. Organizational culture and the board's function Disney's Approach to Leadership As stated by Sherman and Ruane, (2023) leader is someone who has the vision to see the end result and the skills to guide their team to achieve it. When it comes to making the most essential decisions for a worldwide entertainment firm like Disney, the CEO's style of leadership is crucial. Nonetheless, Disney's management style shifted to become more authoritative, indicating that a single person was responsible for making all major decisions. According to Newstead and Riggio, (2023) , Disney's leadership style hasn't paid off for the corporation throughout the years. Disney took a positive step forward by listening to its staff. When the CEO made the bold move to restructure the company, a new kind of leadership emerged.

Figure 1: Transformational Leadership Style (Source: Anton Clavé et al., 2023 ) Top management recognised problems with the existing quo and pushed for a "transformational leadership style" that puts an emphasis on sustainable growth on a global scale. According to Petropoulos et al., (2023), the company's productivity and creativity were both increased as a result of employees' inventive ideas and input on how to increase sales in foreign markets. Employees' sense of worth and responsibility was bolstered by the management's efforts to create an environment of mutual regard and responsibility. Bob Chapek, CEO of Walt Disney, takes the initiative to introduce innovation and creativity into the business operation thanks to the "transformational strategy" part of the company's business model. In addition, Disney's employees are motivated by the company's emphasis on knowledge sharing and the promotion of forward-thinking ideas. Having a CEO with such a forward-thinking outlook and strategy has helped my business in many ways, both personally and professionally.

The Disney Way of Business as a Way of Life As per by Kingl, (2023), the company's culture has been incredibly supportive and enabling of its employees and the business as a whole. Positive attitudes in the workplace have been related to greater levels of innovation, output, and expansion. Furthermore Vlassis, (2023) , noted that management has prioritised creating a warm and friendly workplace so that workers have a peaceful place to get their work done without interruption. Disney's culture is based on the values of originality, high standards, empathy, teamwork, and enthusiasm. Some have speculated that Disney's massive growth over the years is due to the company's newfound emphasis on "excellent storytelling". Disney has the foresight to boost their product's value by creating an environment of gratitude and motivation. Disney's optimistic culture inspires its employees, and consumers' evolving attitudes and actions positively reflect the company's efforts. Board’s Role As per Tuckman, (2023) , A director's first responsibility is to maintain communication between the company and Walt Disney, who is in charge of oversight. Shareholders' ethical concerns have been allayed by the company's application of "agency and post-agency theory" to its growth, paving the way for an assessment of corporate responsibility. More than that, it avoids power disputes and prioritises the company's efforts to prioritise ethical growth above all else at the company. The first priority of the board of directors should be to boost the company's return on investment. Disney took this into account while establishing rules for the implementation of plans and the expansion of the corporation over time.

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Annual report Figure 2: Agency and Post-Agency Theory (Sources: Brookey, 2023 ) As mentioned by Scariati, (2023), In its most recent annual report, the company was praised for its ability to adjust to changing market conditions while maintaining revenue. Disney's annual report includes information about the company's assets, liabilities, profits, security, financial position, key performance indicators, audits, and cash accounting. The annual report claims that Disney made $76.6 billion in sales in 2022, up 32.2% from the prior year. The company's net income is $470 million, which is very high. Disney's diluted earnings per share (EPS) has also grown by 13%, from $2 million in 2021 ( Lwin et al., 2023) . Corporate governance Governance Standards for Disney's Corporation As sighted by Lwin et al., (2023), Leaders may better impose security and stability on their teams by adopting the policymaking framework and using it to guide their decisions. With "Larker's Governance model" in mind, all the pieces of "corporate governance" work together to keep things moving smoothly and in harmony within an organisation.

Figure 3: Larcker’s governing system (Source: Block-Funkhouser et al., 2023 ) Disney's top executives have established policies and procedures to guarantee the company's long-term viability and prosperity. Employees, in accordance with the policies established by the board of directors, are expected to actively part in all aspects of running the business and developing its strategic plans. Walt Disney's upper management has been mulling over the concept of "corporate governance" as a means of maintaining consistency in the company's task performance. In addition, top-level leaders have taken responsibility for their actions, increasing employee dedication. Thanks to the renewed focus on its responsibilities, Disney's executive has been able to increase output, maintain transparency, improve efficiency and longevity, and keep dividends flowing steadily. The company has been utilising are decentralised cooperative multidivisional structure and it has been mainly focusing on different business types. The organisation structure has mainly focused on developing a diversified organisation with diversified operations. Due to the big size of the company the organisation has not been operating following a unison method as there are many subsidiaries and multiple subunits. The three major elements of the youth corporate structure of the company have been identified as the centralised functional group the business divisions and segments and the geographical divisions. Compensation committee's function at Disney

Figure 4: Non-executive Director of Company (Source: Lenka, 2023 ) The highest-ranking management of Walt Disney forms the "Remuneration Committee," which routinely analyses the company's executive compensation plan. Appropriate compensation for all employees and key shareholders is reviewed and implemented by the committee, not just the CEO. To add to its many responsibilities, Disney's remuneration committee also evaluates the Board of Directors' performance. In addition, there are other responsibilities, such as conducting financial audits and evaluating projected pay and benefits on time. Disney also has a set of procedures and guidelines it follows to keep things running smoothly and advance its mission. Risk Management and the Current Regulatory Environment The Board's Role in Risk Management Protecting the business model against threats and risks through the implementation of policies and planning is the primary function of risk management. Ferry et al., (2023), argues that board members have a significant impact on the success of initiatives designed to help an organisation lower risk. Risk analysis in today's ever-evolving market necessitates constant monitoring of the company's economic, social, and operational environments. The company's audit, internet security, payment structure, and so on all adhere to separate policies enacted by the board of directors. The board is responsible for maintaining a healthy equilibrium between risky and safe activities.

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Disney's triumphant journey through the regulatory maze Risky areas and controls within the Walt Disney Company are monitored and managed by the Audit Committee, the Pay Committee, the Governance Committee, and the Executive Committee. An organization's regulatory landscape is in charge of the areas in which it examines and imposes necessary policies and legislation for the company to assist it control risk. Organizations must strictly adhere to policies such as the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, Environmental Laws, Tax Laws, and others to safeguard their business models. The organisation will be safe from failing to realise its vision and goal if the management team is alert enough to spot the risky areas and implement the necessary countermeasures in a timely manner. Due to rigorous monitoring and company-wide implementation of budgeting strategies, Disney has effectively reduced possible sources of risk. Disney's Approach to Risk Evaluation It is essential for businesses to conduct risk analyses in order to identify potentially dangerous areas and develop preventative measures. The Walt Disney Company faces three main types of risk: "mark the market mix" risk, "cost and investment risk," and "settlement risk." Settlement risk occurs whenever there are trading-related disruptions, as mentioned by Ferry et al., (2023) .

Figure 5 : Three Horizontal model [ Source: Bodie, 2023 ] The Three Horizontal Model can be used to assess the risks facing an organisation and to devise strategies for mitigating those risks in order to ensure the smooth operation of the business. The management team can quickly assess the organization's exposure to past, present, and potential hazards, and then use that information to inform effective policy and strategy that mitigates those dangers. Additionally, management can implement the Enterprise Risk Management model to gain insight into potentially risky business areas, leadership practises, and an assessment of the company's standing in the market. This strategy is useful in determining which plans and policies will best mitigate potential threats to the company's value. Using these models in the risk management system, Disney can lessen the likelihood of negative outcomes from its planned actions.

Figure 6: Enterprise Risk Mangement model [Source: Sułkowski, 2023 ] Suggestions for Handling Risk Even if the organisation has identified and mitigated risk factors, the risk management approach might benefit from additional solutions. The business' credit rating can also be safeguarded through the use of ISDA and CSA practises. To better identify and quantify potentially hazardous areas within the business, the corporation should employ a number of software solutions. Staff members need to be prepared to immediately assess potential threats and develop countermeasures in order to mitigate them as soon as possible.

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Effective rules and legislation that develop in tandem with the market are essential for protecting the organisation from new dangers as they appear. In order to prevent losses in profits or damage to the company's reputation, top management must approve all initiatives before they are implemented. Conclusion This research has improved my understanding of the company's culture and leadership style, both of which are critical for sustaining a productive workplace. In addition, the section has focused on the company's risk management system in order to examine the means by which the company has avoided the aforementioned risks. Some suggestions for how the company could improve its handling of risk factors have also been included.

Part B: Leadership report Introduction The report has focused on evaluating the leadership and management style followed in the company and comparing the leadership style of the company in comparison to its potential competitors. The report would also provide a discussion on leadership for performance as per which a balanced scoreboard with a range of performance indicators and strategy objectives would be developed for the company and leadership approaches for achieving those objectives would also be evaluated. The report also evaluates the financial leadership approaches of the company following which the study would discuss the key sources of non-financial and financial information utilised by the board of directors for considering the launch of the Disney+ training service in 2019 and the main factors influencing the loss of the company in 2020. Discussion on the ethical leadership of the company would also be provided where the previous ethical decision-making model of the company would be analysed and significant ethical issues faced by the company would be evaluated. Today's businesses face intense competition, making it imperative that they constantly adapt their strategy to be relevant and successful. As one of the most crucial factors in determining the organisational framework of a business, the leadership style will be dissected here. Implementing effective leadership techniques is critical for keeping morale high and making good decisions in the workplace. This section will also feature information about Disney's leadership, financial, and ethical performance so that people may get a feel for the company's management philosophy. Task 1: Leadership and management Style of Leadership

Figure: Transformational leadership style [ Source: Sułkowski, 2023 ] The decision-making process and the organization's culture both rely heavily on the leadership style that is put into place. By shifting from an Authoritarian to a Transformational leadership style, Walt Disney has been better able to achieve its goals. Management Style For a while, Disney used the autocratic style of leadership, in which lower-level employees and workers were expected to go above them for approval on any major decisions. Disney's management philosophy is heavily impacted by the company's CEOs and other top executives. Management at Disney is reportedly centralised and accountable for the company's functional and organisational growth, as stated by Sułkowski, (2023) . But Disney's internal work environment was greatly affected by this management practise, and the company lost a lot of money in its formative years as a result. The company's upper authorities began exercising much-needed functionality and impartiality to reinforce the company's base and support its growth, which has helped to reduce misconceptions among employees. The corporation adopted the Mintzberg management model as its core organising principle in order to foster a culture of adaptability among its staff. Management techniques are expanded through the model's interpretation of several managerial responsibilities, such as interpersonal, decisional, and informational. Better management practises at the organisation are more likely now that this model is being used.

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Figure: mintzberg's managerial roles [Source: Newstead and Riggio, 2023 ] Leadership styles of both the incumbent and the rival are compared. When compared to Disney, other entertainment companies, such as Lionsgate, use a more democratic management style in which workers and employees are respected and given a voice. Lionsgate's management team is highly effective; they keep their personnel on task and resolve any issues that arise quickly and to everyone's satisfaction. Disney, on the other hand, has a very centralised management structure. Workers have a right to express themselves, but ultimately, all major decisions are made by management. Disney employs required motivating tactics to inspire its workers to give their all and speak their minds without inhibition. With this kind of independent leadership in place, the company can keep its people honest while still expanding. Attitude towards business challenges Effective business managers, according to Newstead and Riggio, (2023) , are constantly on the lookout for signs of impending trouble in the company. Consequences of disregarding business difficulties that could damage the company's reputation must be fully grasped. Foreseeing potential business issues necessitating risk management techniques, management employs expert

individuals. Disney's primary functional body, which is responsible for handling business-related difficulties, is broken down into a number of distinct parts, including production studios, theme parks, streaming services, and social media. Effective managers oversee each of these departments, allowing the organisation to better respond to and recover from any potential threats while also improving overall performance. The corporation will also benefit from this as it will attract more viewers to its streaming services. The company's growth potential has been augmented by reducing other risks, such as those related to employee compensation and conduct. The leadership's invaluable assistance has helped the company successfully manage the difficulties it has encountered. Task 2: Leadership for performance Disney Balanced Scorecard has been regarded for the research of the company's development and target in the international market, where the value of leadership for performance has been evaluated by analysing set goals and KPIs.

Financial Figure 8: Disney Balanced Scorecard (Source: Self-created)

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As the graph shows, the company's sales growth is represented by the rising revenue value, and its profitability is depicted by the rising profit margin. The company's management will implement a number of financial strategies designed to protect it from market fluctuations and economic downturns. As the expense of the company measures the optimization of production and employee value on a large scale, the management team will also work toward a more streamlined method of keeping operational costs low. The governing bodies will provide financial incentives for workers to help them earn a variety of returns on their efforts over the long run. Customer Stakeholder happiness drives both customer retention and new client acquisition, while rising revenue per customer is the best indicator of growing profitability. Conversely, the scorecard shows that brand loyalty is measured by promoter score, and as a result, management will craft rules that favour customers. The policies will significantly improve the rate of customer retention. In addition, Walt Disney's management is developing a number of boards that will aid in the expansion of the company and the development of after-sale services for clients. Internal Process The management's ability to obtain meaningful business value is quantified by the optimization of that process as it is integrated across the company's many activities. However, the scorecard also shows that the large-scale employee retention rate is related to the revitalization of work and the retention of employees for the company's long-term aims. By ensuring employee-friendly policies and providing them with financial benefits, the company's leadership will cultivate a critical culture for the workplace. Increased employee participation in the production house and consideration of their concerns as part of the leadership's strategy to achieve the goals will also secure the market value of the company. Learning Leadership will boost employee engagement to improve the skill of the workforce, which in turn will increase the company's rate of productivity. Company management is eager to improve the working environment, thus top executives are likely to prioritise research and development in the field of technology. The company's management will also achieve its goal of boosting workers' skills and training, with training hours allocated as required. The Herzberg model's antecedents and the hygiene factors According to the Herzberg model, the motivational aspects listed above are crucial to the growth and development of the company's visible practises. Growth, skill-based performance, industrial recognition, work-related challenges, and other aspects.

Figure : Two-factor theory (Source: Newstead and Riggio, 2023 ) On the other side, "hygiene issues" are the obstacles that workers experience and which reduce productivity. Everything from the personalities of managers and coworkers to the quality of the office itself and the size of the paycheck all factor in. Task 3: Financial leadership In 2019, the Disney Company introduced a streaming service to the market under the name Disney+, with a focus on keeping production costs to a minimum. The corporation has made an effort to secure sound financial counsel in this manner. The streaming service has helped the corporation attract and retain 100 million paying customers. By putting in place the appropriate financial structures, it effectively optimises the financial foundation. The procedure requires the gathering of both financial and non-financial data by the company. Financial information

According to Newstead and Riggio, (2023) the economy has remained stable because financial data is processed effectively. This data includes market shares and financial budgets. The company's growth rate has been accurately reported after considering all relevant financial data. Acquiring the necessary financial data here requires careful team management. With this clear picture of the future in mind, management at the organisation may make wise decisions that contribute to the bottom line. According to the company's annual report, subscriptions peaked at 120 million in 2019, but climbed by 2.1 million the next year. Disney has successfully preserved its development aspect by carefully structuring the Disney+ streaming service and measuring it during the Covid-19 issue. Non-financial information To make an informed choice about the non-financial factors involved, it's important to have a firm grasp of the internal situation. The approach has resulted in effective judgments taken by the higher authorities to keep the business system of the organisation running smoothly. In order to attract new clients, the company has incorporated innovative ideas made possible by Disney+'s platform . However, there are cases where the strategy has not been able to keep the organisation profitable. In order to comprehend loss possibilities competently and with sufficient justification, Disney has established the risk management policy. Anton Clavé et al., (2023) argue that sustained economic growth is necessary to keep organisations operating at peak efficiency. By spotting the negative terms as well, the company may cater to the picky tastes of its clientele. The streaming service has also been adopted by industry frontrunners because of its proven capacity to increase profits. The company has successfully expanded its audience on this medium in this way. Several sources indicate that Disney faces competition from companies like Sony, Time Warner, and Comcast. The rivals have remained prominent in the industry by gaining widespread awareness in the business community. By facilitating this component of leadership, Disney will be better able to keep its financial performance stable. The company Disney needs to utilize the financial information system while making decisions on the basis of financial information. The financial information system has been regarded as a computer-based information system that is responsible for collecting, storing and analysing the financial information that can be used for decision-making. While introducing Disney+, the company has not implemented this Framework or utilised the financial information system which the company experienced financial losses while launching Disney+. According to the system, the financial management for decision- making has been done by emphasising the main activities which are investment management, cash management, capital budgeting and financial planning.

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Task 4: Ethical leadership Disney's Ethical Judgment Process According to Sherman and Ruane, (2023), Disney is a large empire recognised for its innovative content and creative spirit. Therefore, it stands to reason that the company's corporate social responsibility must be stellar in order for the business to function smoothly. Managers and higher authorities often fail to recognise the importance of CSR ethics, despite the fact that they can help a firm overcome a number of obstacles to its development. Effective leadership also necessitates an ethical approach to management. Sherman and Ruane, (2023), argues that one of the main reasons for Disney's enormous success is that the company has always taken a realistic approach to sustainability. The company's success can be attributed, in part, to the fact that it makes environmentally responsible choices and practises. Monitoring Disney's expansion has also benefited greatly from the company's exceptional tolerance of the translational style of leadership. The ethical practises necessary for its employee-management programmes have been embraced by the corporation, and the interest in implementing various ethical tactics for the benefit of the empire's expansion has been signalled, all as a result of the translational style. Payment problems, new business obstacles, taxation policies and interest rates, and inefficient workflow are only a few examples of the problems that the organisation has taken steps to address through policy implementation. The corporation employs surprise audits conducted by ethical executives to maintain tabs on all these difficulties. Ethical issues faced by Disney Because of the breadth of its entertainment empire, Disney has been criticised for a number of questionable policies and procedures throughout the years. The Company's most recent purchase, Century Fox Entertainment, has contributed to the various problems by creating extreme financial uncertainty. Since the pandemic, Disney has been very open about the decline in its financial index. The firm's abrupt interest rate and taxation policy increases have further strained the company's finances, and the corporation has informed its users of the impending considerable increase in the subscription costs of its streaming platforms. This has led to widespread dishonesty among its audience, resulting in a precipitous drop in subscriptions for the corporation. There are also problems inside the company's internal environment due to the management's methods, which have resulted in significant turmoil and disagreements among the staff. Shares and market value plummeted as a result of the company's inability to put its internal development strategy into action. In order to maintain its current level of success and popularity in the market, the corporation must adopt effective anti-discrimination measures. Conclusion

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According to what has been said thus far, Disney Company's leadership has played a crucial role in ensuring the company's continued expansion. The corporation has taken many measures to improve its leadership and management in order to maximise profits. The corporation has made these moves to stay competitive in the industry. The organisation has also offered data on the factors that inspire their workers to achieve the desired results. The company has examined the financial and ethical implications of these findings, which may help inform future leadership development strategies. In order to stay successful in today's market, firms must regularly adjust their approach to the market. The leadership style will be analysed because it plays such a significant role in shaping the structure of any given company. Maintaining strong morale and making sound decisions in the workplace both depend on the application of effective leadership tactics. People will get a sense of Disney's management philosophy by reading about the company's leadership, financial, and ethical performance in this paper. As a result of the unexpected rise in interest rates and taxation policies, the firm's finances have become even more precarious, and the company has alerted its subscribers of an upcoming, substantial increase in the cost of subscriptions to its streaming services. As a result, there has been rampant dishonesty among its audience, and the company's subscription numbers have plummeted. The management's tactics have also caused problems within the company itself, leading to widespread unrest and arguments among employees. The company's inability to implement its internal development strategy resulted in a precipitous drop in share price and market capitalization. Disney's leadership style was authoritarian, therefore workers and employees at lower levels were expected to seek approval from their superiors before making any big changes. The company's early financial struggles can be attributed in large part to the negative impact this managerial style had on the Disney workplace culture.

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References Anton Clavé, S., Carlà-Uhink, F. and Freitag, F., 2023. Economic Strategy: Conceptual, Customer- Based, and Environmental, Social, and Governance Strategies in the Theme Park Economy. In Key Concepts in Theme Park Studies: Understanding Tourism and Leisure Spaces (pp. 97-111). Cham: Springer International Publishing. Block-Funkhouser, D., Bowness, M., Gordon, R. and Zou, D., 2023. Sustainability Engagement and Incentivization for Employees at Oatly North America. Bodie, M.T., 2023. Labor Relations at the Woke Corporation. NYU Annual Survey of American Law , 79 (2). Brookey, R.A., Phillips, J. and Pollard, T., 2023. Reasserting the Disney Brand in the Streaming Era: A Critical Examination of Disney+ . Taylor & Francis. Ferry, L., He, G. and Yang, C., 2023. How do executive pay and its gap with employee pay influence corporate performance? Evidence from Thailand tourism listed companies. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Insights , 6 (1), pp.362-381. Kingl, A., 2023. Sparking Success: Why Every Leader Needs to Develop a Creative Mindset . Kogan Page Publishers. Lenka, R.M., 2023. Evaluating Role Of HR During Merger And Acquisition. Journal of Pharmaceutical Negative Results , pp.7149-7163. Lwin, K., Fallon, B., Houston, E., Wilson, R., Fluke, J., Jud, A. and Tromé, N., 2023. Exploring Organizational Learning, Risk, and Psychological Safety: Perspectives of Child Welfare Senior Leaders in Canada. Journal of Public Child Welfare , pp.1-25. Newstead, T.P. and Riggio, R.E. eds., 2023. Leadership and Virtues: Understanding and Practicing Good Leadership . Taylor & Francis. Petropoulos, F., Laporte, G., Aktas, E., Alumur, S.A., Archetti, C., Ayhan, H., Battarra, M., Bennell, J.A., Bourjolly, J.M., Boylan, J.E. and Breton, M., 2023. Operational Research: Methods and Applications. arXiv preprint arXiv:2303.14217 . Scariati, P., 2023. EHR Governance: A Practical Guide to User Centric, Consensus Driven Optimization . CRC Press. Sherman, K. and Ruane, S.G., 2023. Disney princess speaks out. The CASE Journal . Sułkowski, Ł., 2023. Managing the Digital University: Paradigms, Leadership, and Organization. Tuckman, E., 2023. UNDERSTANDING VOLUNTARY CARBON OFFSETS: A REVIEW OF BEST PRACTICES FOR CORPORATE PARTICIPATION IN THE VOLUNTARY CARBON MARKET AND AN ANALYSIS OF OFFSET-RELATED DISCLOSURES.

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Vlassis, A., 2023. Platform governance and the politics of media regulation: The review of the European Audiovisual Media Services Directive. Journal of Digital Media & Policy , 14 (1), pp.29- 46.

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