Module 15 Study Questions (1)

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Module 15 Study Questions Use this table of Pea Plant Traits below to answer questions #1 – 9 1. Explain the difference between a gene and an allele. Provide an example of a gene and an allele for that gene. 2. Explain the difference between genotype and phenotype. RR is an example of a _____ , and constricted pod shape is an example of a _____ . 3. Individuals with the genotype YY or Yy have the yellow seed phenotype, while individuals with the genotype yy have the green seed phenotype. Explain how this occurs using the terms dominant allele and recessive allele. 4. The gene for flower location has two alleles: A and a. What is the possible genotype(s) for an axial flower? What is the possible genotype(s) for a terminal flower? 5. The gene for flower color has two alleles: P and p. Use this example to explain the difference between homozygous and heterozygous genotypes. Identify the phenotype for each genotype. 1

6. Using the examples in the table, identify each of the following: a. A homozygous dominant genotype and its phenotype – b. A homozygous recessive genotype and its phenotype – c. A heterozygous genotype and its phenotype – 7. Diagram a cross between a heterozygous tall flower and a short (dwarf) flower using the Punnett square below. Identify the genotypes and phenotypes in the four potential offspring? 8. State Mendel’s Law of Segregation in your own words. When does this occur? 9. Stefanie Joho, her mother, and her older sister have Lynch syndrome, while her younger sister and her father are healthy. This disease is caused by a dominant allele and leads to a high risk of cancer because mistakes in the DNA cannot be corrected. a. Identify the Lynch syndrome genotype and phenotype for each member of this family in the table below. Use “L” or “l” for the Lynch syndrome alleles. Family Member Genotype Phenotype Mother Father Older Sister Stephanie Younger Sister b. Which family members are homozygous and which are heterozygous? c. Two of the Joho sisters have Lynch syndrome, but one does not. How can this be explained by Mendel’s Law of Segregation? 2

Use this information on the FOIL Method to answer questions #10 – 13 When diagraming how the alleles for two different traits are segregated into different gametes, we use the “ FOIL ” method. This stands for F irst alleles, O utside alleles, I nside alleles, and L ast alleles. Analyze the image below to see how this trick allows us to figure out the possible gametes an individual will have. 10. In rabbits, gray fur (G) is dominant to white fur (g), and black eyes (B) are dominant to red eyes (b). Consider a female rabbit with white fur who is heterozygous for eye color. a. What is the genotype of this rabbit? b. What are the possible eggs this rabbit can produce? 11. In rabbits, gray fur (G) is dominant to white fur (g), and black eyes (B) are dominant to red eyes (b). The Punnett square below diagrams a cross between a male rabbit with the genotype GGbb and a female rabbit with the genotype ggBb. Fill in the genotypes and phenotypes for each of the potential offspring. Gb Gb Gb Gb gB gb gB gb 3

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a. How many of the 16 potential offspring will have gray fur and black eyes? b. How many of the 16 potential offspring will have gray fur and red eyes? c. How many of the 16 potential offspring will have white fur and black eyes? d. How many of the 16 potential offspring will have white fur and red eyes? e. How many of the 16 potential offspring will be heterozygous for eye color? 12. In rabbits, gray fur (G) is dominant to white fur (g), and black eyes (B) are dominant to red eyes (b). A male rabbit and a female rabbit who are heterozygous for both traits mate. Diagram this cross using the Punnett square below. Fill in the genotypes and phenotypes for each of the potential offspring. a. How many of the 16 potential offspring will have gray fur and black eyes? b. How many of the 16 potential offspring will have gray fur and red eyes? c. How many of the 16 potential offspring will have white fur and black eyes? d. How many of the 16 potential offspring will have white fur and red eyes? e. How many of the 16 potential offspring will be homozygous for fur color? 13. How does Mendel’s Law of Independent Assortment explain the distribution of alleles in the dihybrid cross above? 4

FLASHBACK TO MODULES 6 & 12: Identify the structures labeled A – F in the diagram above. Label G identifies nucleotide base pairs. Which nucleotides are found in DNA? Which nucleotides are found in RNA? How do the nucleotide bases pair in DNA? Check out this video for additional Module 15 practice problems 5

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