Anatomy of the Digestive System Lab Report

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Glendale Community College *

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202

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Biology

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Dec 6, 2023

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BIO 202 Lab 6-2 ANATOMY OF THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM LAB Final Report Student name: Date: Instructions: A. Navigate to A&P Revealed 3.2 B. Select: 1) Module: “12. Digestive” 2) Study Area: Animation (film icon), Histology (microscope icon) or Dissection (scalpel icon) as instructed below 3) Topic: as instructed below 4) View: as instructed below Exercise 1: Organs of the Alimentary Canal Use the Animation and Dissection Study Areas to complete the exercises below. 1. Match each of the following descriptions with the correct digestive structure _____ a. absorbs water and consolidates waste 1. Esophagus _____ b. site of most digestion and absorption 2. Large intestine _____ c. transports food 3. Oral cavity _____ d. where chemical digestion of carbohydrates begins 4. Stomach _____ e. pummels ingested food into chyme 5. Small intestine _____ f. commonly called the “throat” 6. pharynx ° 2. Identify the labeled structures in the following image: Olivia thin 4/30/23 { 34 6

3. Answer the following questions concerning the organs of the alimentary canal. a. Identify and name the three regions of the pharynx, and describe the location of each. ______________________________________________ ______________________________________________ ______________________________________________ ______________________________________________ _________________________________________ b. Identify the three divisions of the small intestine; list them in order from shortest to longest. The three locations/regions of the pharynx are the nasal pharynx located behind the post your nasal choanae, the oral pharynx located behind the opening of the oral cavity, and the Laryngeal pharynx located behind the inlet of the larynx lounge nasopharynx oral orpharyx Pharynx cavity hypopharynx Larynx esophagus pancreas spleen liver gallbladder Transverse colon duodenum descending small jejunum colon ascending digestive intestine ileum colon cecum system sigmoid colon rectum vermiform appendix anus anal canal

______________________________________________ _____________________________ c. Identify the four major divisions of the large intestine. ______________________________________________ _____________________________ d. Identify the worm-like structure that extends from the cecum. Describe it and its function. ______________________________________________ ______________________________________________ ______________________________________________ ____________ Exercise 2: Accessory Organs of the Digestive System Use the Animation and Dissection Study Areas to complete the exercises below. 1. Match each of the following descriptions with the correct accessory organ: _____ a. produces bile 1. Gallbladder _____ b. is both an endocrine organ and an exocrine organ 2. Liver _____ c. is composed primarily of skeletal muscle 3. Pancreas _____ d. stores bile 4. Salivary gland _____ e. produces secretions that moisten food 5. tooth _____ f. is in an alveolar margin of the mandible and maxilla 6. tongue 2. Answer the following questions concerning the accessory organ of the digestive system. a. Identify incisors, canines, premolars, and molars in the A&P Revealed dissection tool, under Teeth. Describe how the following tooth types are adapted to their functions: i. Incisor __________________________________________________________________ ii. Canine __________________________________________________________________ iii. Premolars and molars _____________________________________________________ b. Locate three pairs of salivary glands in the A&P Revealed dissection tool. Name each pair of glands and describe its location. Are these glands exocrine or endocrine? Explain. The duodenum , jejunum + ileum the cecum 1 Colon , rectum , and anal canal The appendix is the worm - like structure and its fiction is to provide aid for the immune system . 2 3 : ① Tilney have a narrow sharp edge for cutting they are larger and stronger for tearing food Their flat tops are used more tearing and grinding up food

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__________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ ______________________________________________ c. Locate the liver in the A&P Revealed dissection tool. What are the five functions of the liver? i. ________________________________________________________________________ ii. ________________________________________________________________________ iii. ________________________________________________________________________ iv. ________________________________________________________________________ v. ________________________________________________________________________ Exercise 3: Microscopic Anatomy of the Digestive System 1. Label the layers of the alimentary canal wall below ( mucosa, muscularis externa, serosa, and submucosa ) 3. Match each of the following cell types with its location: _____ a. chief cell 1. Liver _____ b. brush border cell 2. pancreas _____ c. acinar cell 3. small intestine _____ d. hepatocyte 4. stomach The submandibular glands are located on the dorsal side on the mouth below the saw . They are exocrine glands thats function is to produce saliva . The parotid gland is located in front of each ear . This gland Is exocrine and is also responsible for saliva • The sublingual gland is located behind the lower canine teeth • This gland is also exocrine and plays a role in saliva production immunity digestion metabolism detox vitamin storage 4 3 2 I

_____ e. parietal cell _____ f. paneth cells Navigate to the “Histology” Study Area (microscope icon) and view the specific tissues identified in the questions below. 4. Observe a slide of the Gastro-esophageal Junction at high power. Sketch the slide below and label (lumen, esophagus-stomach junction, gastric pits) a. Which specific epithelium type is found in the mucosa of the: i. Esophagus ___________________________________________________________ ii. Stomach_____________________________________________________________ *Please label this distinction in your drawing. 5. Observe a slide of Stomach at low power. Sketch the slide below and label the visible layers of the stomach wall (mucosa, submucosa, and muscularis externa), stomach lumen, and gastric pits. 3 4 ;÷% - woozy _ wmen stoma " ¥ qf gastric muffle µ pit ou ¥¥ EÉ squamous and stratified simple columnar mucosa gas , ¥ TtÉÉ÷ ← É ← m% ¥¥ a Pits submit " "

6. Observe a slide of the Duodenum at low power. Sketch the slide below and label the mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, villus, intestinal glands, and Brunner’s Glands. a. What specific type of epithelium is found in the mucosa? ________________________________________________ ______________________________ b. What structural characteristics of the epithelial cells increase their surface area? ________________________________________________ ______________________________ c. What are the major functions of these epithelial cells? ________________________________________________ ______________________________ 7. Observe a slide of the Jejunum at medium power. Sketch the slide below and label villus, brush border, goblet cells, lacteals, and intestinal lumen. ✗ Villus brunets M% µ x intestinal 9Ñ÷ g ← glands ⾨ ← Sub mucosa wmMnvmmmry → muscular is externa Noh keratinized Statifi ed squamous epithelium the microvilli are the main characteristics that increase surface area the main functions are protection / secretion Absorption extretlun , filtration and diffusion brush ' " " " qq.gg#tqqgggq-90b1e+ce " boarder ☒µ lumen % ◦ # vini

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a. Name two structures located in the center of a villus and state the function of each. ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ ____________ 8. Observe a slide of the Ileum at low and then high power. Sketch the slide below at high power and label villus, brush border, goblet cells, Peyer’s patches, and intestinal lumen. a. Find the submucosa and identify the large, spherical Peyer’s Patches. What is the function of these structures? _____________________________________________________________ 9. Observe the Colon under medium magnification. Sketch the slide below at medium power and label the mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, and serosa. The cappilaries and lacteal s are located in the center of the villus and their function IS to absorb digested food particles for nutrients ← lumen V1 It gob , # MNmmwo ᵈ m ⁿʰ kwMr ʰ gwoM7 kgajm ← pagers ±÷::FÉ: ¥ :÷÷÷i ¥ ÷ x.Er.am - boarder ← 㱻 . The peyer 's patches play a role in the immune system 90b ¥ , ] mucosa ÷ : - muscular is

a. Note the many unstained cells in the epithelium of the mucosa. What are these cells called and what is their function? Please label these cells on your sketch. ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ ____________ b. The large intestine lacks villi and microvilli. How does the absence of these structures correlate with the function of the large intestine? ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ __________________________________________ These are the goblet cells and their function is to secrete mucus . Without Vitti and microvilli the surface area will decrease and the rate of absorption will go down

Anatomy of the Digestive System Lab Report

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