Practice for Exam One

Monohybrid Cross Worksheet Directions:  Answer each of the following questions using a Punnett Square and the rules of monohybrid crosses. The allele for dimples (D) is dominant to the allele for no dimples (d).  A man heterozygous for dimples marries a woman who is also heterozygous for dimples.   What is the man’s genotype and the woman’s genotype? What is the man’s phenotype and the woman’s phenotype? Do a cross to determine all potential dimple genotypes and phenotypes for the offspring of this man and woman. The allele for hitchhiker’s thumb (h) is recessive to straight thumb (H).  If a man and his wife are both homozygous recessive, will any of their offspring potentially have hitchhikers thumb?  What is the man’s genotype and the woman’s genotype? What is the man’s phenotype and the woman’s phenotype? What genotype(s) must the offspring have in order to have the phenotypic trait of hitchhiker’s thumb? Do a cross to determine all potential hitchhiker’s…

Activity 4 Identification of phenotype of known genotype The characteristic of the color of the red tomato fruit (R) is dominant over the characteristic of the yellow color (r) The characteristic of the color of white flowers (W) is dominant over the characteristic of the color of the yellow flowers (w), and the characteristic length of the stem of the plant (T) is dominant over the short characteristic (t) If a red fruit plant with yellow and long-stemmed flowers is crossed, with anotheryellow, white-flowered and short-stemmed plant, knowing that the dominant characteristic is pure. What is the phenotype of individuals of the resulting generation?

PEDIGREES: Problem (continued) This pedigree shows the inheritance of cystic fibrosis in this family. I • QUESTIONS ••. 5. What is the genotype of individual II-3? Use the letter "f" to 1 2 represent the disease allele. II 1 2 3 6. Individuals II-I and II-2 are sisters. Explain how it is possible for one sister to have cystic fibrosis but NOT the other. III 1 2 3

Lab Exercises: In these exercises, you will learn to use the Punnett square to determine geno- typic and phenotypic outcomes for monohybrid, dihybrid, incomplete, codominant, epistatic, and sex-linked traits. Exercise #1: Monohybrid Crosses A male with blue eyes has a child with a homozygous dominant brown-eyed female. What are the genotypes and phenotypes of the resulting offspring? 1. Genotype rahio R RR Rr Phenoty pe vatio Rr Y FEx PT A male offspring from above has four children with his heterozygous brown-eyed wife. What are the genotypes and phenotypes of the resulting offspring? What are the genotypic Rt 2. and phenotypic ratios? Y RR IRr K r Rr Yr 3. A heterozygous brown-eyed male has four children with his blue-eyed wife. What are the genotypes and phenotypes of the resulting offspring? What are the genotypic and pheno- typic ratios? 120

NAME: Patterns of Inheritance Worksheet 1. True Breeding Parental Cross A homozygous dominant purple flowered plant is crossed with a homozygous recessive white flowered plant. a. What are the genotypes of the parent plants? (Use the Punnett square to determine the outcomes of this cross. Remember to place the gametes along the left side and top of the square. (P=Purple, p=white) b. What is the genotype of all F₁ plants? 1 b. c. What is the phenotype of all F₁ plants? C. d. How many plants out of 4 will produce white flowers? d. a. 2. Monohybrid Cross: The F₁ offspring from the above problem are allowed to self fertilize. a. What are the genotypes of the F₁ parents? a. (Use the Punnett square to determine the outcomes of this cross. Remember to place the gametes along the left side and top of the square.) b. What is the genotype ratio for this cross? c. What is the phenotype ratio for this cross? d. How many plants out of 4 will produces white flowers? d. b. C.

Practice Problem 2: Having a hairline with a widow's peak is dominant and a straight hairline is recessive (W = widow's peak; w = straight hairline). Hint: To avoid confusing alleles, use a bar over the lowercase letter OR chose a letter that doesn't look the same upper and lowercase (instead of "W" and"w" you could use "D" and "d"). Cross: A man with a straight hairline marries a woman homozygous dominant for having a widow's peak. What is the genotypic ratio and the phenotypic ratio for this cross?

Instructions: Answer the following problem using the punett square and identify its Genotypic ratio and Phenotypic ratio. 1. A homozygous round-seeded plant (RR) is crossed with a homozygous wrinkle-seeded plant (rr). What is the phenotypic and genotypic ratio of their offspring? Genotypic Ratio Phenotypic Ratio- 2. A heterozygous green-colored pod (Gg) is crossed with a yellow-colored pod (gg). Predict the Genotypic and Phenotypic ratio of their offspring. Genotypic Ration Phenotypic Ration

Direction: Read and understand the ff. set of monohybrid cross problems and answer each problem by showing the Punnett square, genotypes ans phenotypes. 3. In tomatoes, red fruit (R) is dominant over yellow fruit (r). A plant that is homozygous for red fruit is crossed with a plant that has yellow fruit. What would be the genotypes and phenotypes? 4. If two of the first generation offspring from the problem above were mated, what would be the genotypes and phenotypes of the second generation?

Problem Set: Non-Mendelian Genetics 1. In "Four o' Clock "plants, it's flower color is incompletely dominant. The red flowers are homozygous dominant, the white flowers are homozygous recessive, and the pink flowers are heterozygous. Show genetic crosses between the following Four O'clock parents, using the Punnett squares provided and indicate the genotypic and phenotypic % below: A. Red x white Genotypic %: Phenotypic %: B. White x Pink Genotypic %: Phenotypic %: C. Pink x Pink Genotypic %: Phenotypic %:

Name Period into the genetics problem. Genetics Worksheet # 2 1. In pea plants, smooth peas (S) are dominant to wrinkled peas (s). Work the following crosses. a. homozygous dominant x recessive Genotypes: Phenotypes: Genotypic ratio: Phenotypic ratio: b. heterozygous x heterozygous Genotypes: Phenotypes: Genotypic ratio: Phenotypic ratio: 2, A man and his wife are both heterozygous for brown eyes (B). They have six children all of whom have blue eyes> How can this happen? List the genotypes of the parents and the children. Show the Punnett square. Parents: Kids: What is the chance that the next child will have blue eyes?

TEST goo.g/CUYGKD 2.) A man with type A blood marries a woman with type B blood. Their child has type O blood. What are the genotypes of these three individuals? What genotypes, and in what frequencies, would you expect in future offspring from this marriage? 3. A man has six fingers on each hand and six toes on each foot. His wife and their daughter have the normal number of digits. Remember that extra digits is a dominant trait. What fraction of this couple's children would be expected to have extra digits?

GQ#6: What specific RIM is being described by each of the following statements? Write your answer on the space provided before each item. A) Most ligers (offspring of a male lion and a tigress) and tigons (offspring of a male tiger and a lioness) are sterile. B) The two races of maggot flies breed in the fruits of two different trees. Hawthorn maggot flies breed in the fruits of the hawthorn tree, while apple maggot flies breed in apples. C) Red-legged frogs (Rana draytonii) breed from around November to late

Direction: Read and understand the ff. set of monohybrid cross problems and answer each problem by showing the Punnett square, genotypes ans phenotypes. 2. Horniess (H) in cattle is dominant over horned (h). A homozygous hornless bull is mated with a homozygous horned cow. What will be the genotype and phenotype of the first generation?

Procedure: 1. Stick a piece of masking tape on the four 25 g coins. Make sure that the size of the tape is within the circumference of the coin. For this purpose, two of Mendel's seven characters of the pea plant will be used: height and seed color. 2. Mark one side of two coins I (tall allele) and the other side t (short allele). Similarly, mark one side of the other two coins Y (yellow allele) and the other side y (green allele). 3. Monohybrid Cross. In this part, the height character will be investigated. a. Get the two coins for height: one coin corresponds to the male and the other coin to the female. T and t are gametes for tallness and shortness, respectively. b. Place the two coins in cupped hands, shake them, and toss the coins on your desk. c. Read and record the coin combinations in your data sheet. Repeat the toss 50 times. 4. Dihybrid Cross. This time, two traits will be considered: height and seed color. a. Get all four coins, place them in cupped hands, and shake and…

Punnett Square Practice Directions: Use the scenarios given below to complete the Punnett squares and determine the potential offspring for each set of parents. Use the lines on the right hand side to ist the genotype and phenotype for each possible child. Name: 1. A brown-eyed homozygous dominant female (BB) has a baby with a brown-eyed heterozygous male (Bb). B = brown, b = blue Genotype Phenotype Possibility 1: Possibility 2: Possibility 3: Possibility 4: 2. Freckles (F) are dominant to no freckles (f). A heterozygous mother ( father have a baby. F= freckles, f= no freckles Jand heterozygous Genotype Phenotype Possibility 1: Possibility 2: Possibility 3: Possibility 4: 3. The ability to roll your tongue (R) is a dominant trait. A woman who cannot roll her tongue I has a baby with a man who is homozygous dominant for this trait . R= can roll tongue, rcannot roll tongue Genotype Phenotype Possibility 1: Possiblity 2: Possibility 3: Possibility 4: Stience with Mrs. Sarchez

Mnance) Objective: 1. The student will be able to create and complete a Punnett square representing codominance as it relates to their family blood types. 2. The student will be able to analyze data and determine what the possible blood types are for a given set of parents. 3. The student will be able to explain how knowledge of blood types is related to their personal health. Background: Codominance occurs when both alleles in the heterozygote express themselves fully. Because both of the alleles are fully expressed, both alleles are equally emphasized in the genotypic notation. For example, a codominant trait in humans is blood type. The letters A and B that identify blood types refer to the two different carbohydrates that coat the surface of red blood cells. If you have type A blood, you have type A carbohydrate on your red blood cells. Type B blood had type B carbohydrate, Type AB has both carbohydrates, and Type O has no carbohydrates. These alleles are represented by an I, and a…

Punnet square problems A=Codominant; B=Codominant; O=Recessive Mary is homozygous for type A blood. Steve is homozygous for type O blood. If they have children, what are the possible phenotypes and genotypes of their children, and what is the probability of each? Mary and Steve have a son, Brad. Brad’s wife, Samantha is heterozygous for type B blood. If they have children, what are the possible phenotypes and genotypes of their children, and what is the probability of each? Stella loves roses and decides to cross her red rose with her white rose. All of the resulting offspring of this cross are pink roses.  What can you say about the red and white alleles as a result of this cross? Stella decides to cross two of the pink roses. What are the possible genotypes and phenotypes of the offspring and the probabilities of each?   DNA replication, Transcription and Translation problems   It is S phase of the cell cycle, and time to replicate the cell’s DNA. Using the following strand of DNA…

Procedure: 1. Stick a piece of masking tape on the four 25 g coins. Make sure that the size of the tape is within the circumference of the coin. For this purpose, two of Mendel's seven characters of the pea plant wll be used: height and seed color. 2. Mark one side of two coins T (tall allele) and the other side t (short allele). Similarly, mark one side of the other two coins Y (yellow allele) and the other side y (green allele). 3. Monohybrid Cross. In this part, the height character will be investigated. a. Get the two coins for height: one coin corresponds to the male and the other coin to the female. T and t are gametes for tallness and shortness, respectively. b. Place the two coins in cupped hands, shake them, and toss the coins on your desk. c. Read and record the coin combinations in your data sheet. Repeat the toss 50 times. 4. Dihybrid Cross. This time, two traits willbe considered: height and seed color. a. Get all four coins, place them in cupped hands, and shake and toss…

Product Rule Given the following traits that the parents have, assign the letters H for hair type, E for eyelids, and L for lip color. Parent 1: Homozygous curly hair Homozygous short eyelids Homozygous pale lips (dominant) Genotypes Probability (fraction) (Parent 1) Parent 2: Heterozygous straight hair Heterozygous long eyelids Homozygous red lips (recessive) Probability (fraction) (Parent 2) Probability (fraction) 3. What is the probability (in percentage) that their child will inherit the following genotypes? Homozygous curly hair, Homozygous short eyelids, Heterozygous pale lips Probability= %

Direction: Answer the following problems: 1. Predict the phenotypic ratios of offspring when a homozygous white cow is crossed with a roan bull. Illustrate using a Punnett square. 2. Complete the Punnett square for a cross between a black chicken (BB) and a white chicken (WW). Give the phenotype of the offspring in the F1 generation. Кey BB – black ww- white F1 BW – checkered Phenotype:

Name: Per: Date: Dihybrid Cross Practice Problems 1. Set up a Punnett square using the following information: Dominate allele for tall plants =D Recessive allele for dwarf plants = d Dominate allele for purple flowers = W Recessive allele for white flowers = w Cross a homozygous dominant parent with a homozygous recessive parent. Using the Punnett square above: a. What is the probability of producing tall plants with purple flowers? Possible genotype(s)? b. What is the probability of producing dwarf plants with white flowers? Possible genotype(s)? c.What is the probability of producing tall plants with white flowers? Possible genotype(s)? d. What is the probability of producing dwarf plants with purple flowers? Possible genotype(s)?

polygenic trait mating 2 An AaBBCcdd male mates with an AaBbCCDD female.   1. What is the maximum number of ridge-producing genes possible in one of the children? 2. What would be the TRC for this child if it is a male?  3. What is the minimum number of ridge-producing genes possible in a child of this couple?  4. If this child were a female, would she have a higher or lower TRC than the parent with the lower ridge count?  A. lower B. higher C. equal

Please answer fast  Using a Punnett square, perform a trihybrid cross on the following traits in hybrid form: Height - Tt (tall and short)Flower color - Pp (purple and white)Seed shape - Ss (smooth and wrinkle) Give the phenotypic and genotypic ratio.

Procedure: 1. Draw a Punnett square which shows the inheritance of the sex chromosomes. Represent the female sex chromosomes with XX and the male sex chromosomes with XY. Guide Questions: a. What will be the sex of a child produced when an egg is fertilized by a sperm that has a Y chromosome?. b. What type of sperm must fertilize an egg to result in a female child? c. Based on this Punnett Square, what percent of children would you expect to be male? d. What sex chromosome is present in both male and female? e. Infer which sex chromosomes determines a person's sex. f. What are the other factors that may influence the expression of human sexuality? .

Topic: Modifications of Mendelian Genetics LEARNING ACTIVITY and ASSESSMENT 1. In addition to the ABO blood group, many others have been identified in humans. One such group is the MN group, controlled by two codominant alleles, M and N, at one locus. What will be the probability of the genotypes and phenotypes that would be produced in crosses involving the following phenotypes: а. Туре М and type N b. Туре М and type MN c. Type N and type N d. Type MN and type MN 2. Could a child of type N result from the mating of M and MN? Justify your answer.

Choice 2: Black versus orange fur is determined by two alleles an X-linked gene (XⓇ, Xº), Suppose that a black male is mated with an orange female. a) Write the genotypes of the male and female cats. Male: Female: b) What genotypes & phenotypes are expected among the offspring (F1) of these parent cats? c) Suppose that a male and a female from part b mate. What offspring types will they produce?

Non- Mendelian patterm of inheritance. Activity 4: What's your blood type? Objective: Infer the unknown phenotypes of individuals on the basis of the known phenotypes of their family members Procedure: A. Given the blood types of the mother and the child, identify the possible blood type of the father. Mother's Blood type Father's Blood type Child's Blood type A B AB AB

Classical Genetics Group Practice Problems Practice Problems 1. In guinea pigs, black fur is dominant to white fur. Assign a symbol for each allele: black = white = Use a Punnett square to determine the genotypic and phenotypic ratios for each of the following crosses. Show all work. a) P: heterozygous black X white b) P: heterozygous black X heterozygous black

Subject: Genetic problems  6. how would you recognize a line of garden peas that had become genotypically pure for a given trait? 7. A cross of two pink-flowered plants produces offspring whose flowers are red, pink, or white. Defining your genetic symbols, give all the different kinds of genotypes involved, and the phenotypes they represent.  9. In snapdragons, red flowers (R) are incompletely dominant to white (r), the hybrid being pink; narrow leaves (N) are incompletely dominant to broad leaves (n), the hybrid being intermediate in width ("medium"). show the genotypes and phenotypes for the progeny of a cross between  a. red medium and pink medium plant  b. a pink medium and white narrow  c. two identical dihybrids  12. In guinea pigs, short is dominant to long. A short-haired guinea pig was mated to a long-haired one. What proportions of the offspring (F1) will be expected to be: a. homozygous short-haired b. homozygous long -haired  c. heterozygous short-haired  d. heterozygous…

Question: The disorder: Red-Green color blindness Explain the mode of inheritance of the disorder (recessive, dominant, x-linked, etc.) . Can a person be a carrier of this disorder? • Describe the probability of having a child with the disorder -- give a specific scenario (ex. both parents are heterozygous for the trait) • Describe the symptoms associated with this disorder Explain the prognosis of a person born with this disorder

Calibri 12 - BIU A Section 4: Monohybrid test cross A monohybrid cross is a mating where alleles of just one gene are tracked in the offspring. A test cross is a mating in which two parents (P generation) are crossed to give F1 (first filial generation) offspring, and then two F1 parents are crossed to give F2 (second filial generation) offspring. By tracking offspring through two generations, a test cross can reveal patterns of inheritance for particular genes. 9. In a cross between a black and a white guinea pig, all members of the F1 generation are black. The F2 generation is made of % black and % white guinea pigs. Diagram this cross, and list the genotypes and phenotypes for each generation.