Ch. 35 Lecture Outline

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Nov 24, 2024

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Ch. 35 Lecture Outline Vascular plants consist of a _________ system that anchors the plant and is used to absorb water and ions, and a ________ system that consists of supporting stems, photosynthetic leaves, and reproductive flowers. What are three ways plant cell types are distinguished? The __________ tissue type is the outer protective cover, the __________ tissue type functions as storage, photosynthesis, and secretion, and __________ tissue conducts fluids and dissolved substances. ____________ systems extend through root and shoot systems. New tissue growth occurs at _____________. What are meristems? Extensions of the ___________ and ____________ are produced by apical meristems. An increase in the shoot and root diameter is produced by ______________ meristems. Describe apical meristems. What protects the root apical meristem?

What protects the shoot apical meristem? How many tissue systems do apical meristems give rise to? What are the primary meristems and what do they form or produce? Lateral meristems are found in plants that exhibit ______________ growth. _____________ plants have two types of lateral meristems. What are the two types of lateral meristems and what do they produce? Describe dermal tissue. What type of cells originate in the protoderm and contain all parts of the primary plant body and contain guard cells, trichomes, and root hairs? ______________ cells are paired cells that flank stomata.

Define stomata. _____________ regulate the size of the opening between two guard cells. Define trichomes and what are their function? Define root hairs and what are their function? There are _____ cell types of ground tissue. What are the cell types of ground tissue? Define parenchyma. Define collenchyma. Define sclerenchyma.

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What is the most common type of plant cell? What are two types of sclerenchyma cells? _______________ and ______________ are two vascular tissue types. What is the function of xylem? What is the function of phloem? _____________ are continuous tubes of dead cylindrical cells arranged end-to-end in xylem cells. ______________ are dead cells that taper at the end and overlap one another in xylem cells. What is the function of tracheids? What is the function of vessel members? The two types of elongated food-conducting cells in phloem are ____________ cells and __________ ____________ ____________.

What are the four regions of roots. What is located in the Zone of Cell Division in the root? What do cells differentiate into in the Zone of Maturation? __________________ cells and ______________ ______________ cells are the two cell types in the root cap. What do apical meristem daughter cells subdivide into? In the Zone of Elongation, __________ lengthen because the cells become several times ___________ than they are wide. In the Zone of Maturation, root surface cells become _______________ cells, and parenchyma cells become ______________. Define taproot system. Define fibrous root system. Define adventitious roots.

List 8 additional root types and their function. Shoot apical meristem develops into ____________, other _____________, and even ___________. Name and describe three types of leaf arrangements. List and describe the 7 components of the external stem structure. Organization of the ____________ tissue is the major distinguishing feature between monocot and eudicot stems.

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Describe how you can distinguish between a monocot and eudicot based on the stem vascular tissue. There is no vascular ______________ in monocots, therefore, there is no ________________ growth. What is revealed in the stump of a tree? Define and describe lenticels and what is their function? List and describe 7 types of modified stems. Leaves are the principal site for ________________. Two different morphological groups of leaves are ___________ and _____________. Describe microphyll. Describe megaphyll.

Most eudicot leaves have a flattened ___________, which increases photosynthetic surface. Define petiole. Describe stipules. Describe veins. In most monocot leaves, the main veins are _____________, while eudicot veins are ____________ or netted. Simple leaves have an undivided ______________, and they may have teeth, indentations or lobes. Compound leaves have __________ that are divided into ____________. Describe leaf epidermis. Most eudicot leaves have ______ types of mesophyll, List and describe the types of mesophyll in eudicots.

In monocot leaves, the mesophyll is usually not differentiated into ___________/___________ layers. List and describe six types of modified leaves.

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