VideoGuide__PowerofIllusion(1)(1)

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Name : Video Guide Race: The Power of An Illusion ( Episode 1: The Difference Between Us ) 1.) Discuss the evidence of why race is not biologically based: This is because most traits are influenced by various genes which are inherited independently one from another. Also one cannot distinguish a white person from black person by looking at their genes alone. 2.) Are we very different genetically ? No. We are among similar of all species. 3.) How does the society in which scientists live play a role in their scientific beliefs? How did this impact racial studies? The society in which scientists live influence their values and beliefs, and impacts racial studies because their personal views can in turn influence what they want to study since they have been living in the society for many years, and thus they have studied skull sizes, facial angles and attributed genetics to racial variation. 4.) Discuss Frederick Hoffman and the extinction thesis. How was it flawed? Hoffman is one of the most influential scientists in the field of social science. In his extinction thesis he came up with statistics which posit that black people would eventually become extinct because of cases like diseases and conditions that free slaves faced. His thesis was flawed because he failed to acknowledge the insidious effects of social neglect on health. 5.) What is the eugenics movement? How were their assumption of how genes work fundamentally flawed? In other words, do complex traits adhere to simple mendellian genetics? Eugenics is a social movement founded on the notion that selective breeding and other morally criticized methods can be utilized to enhance genetic quality of human race by eradicating people deemed to have inferior genes, and expanding those deemed to have superior genes. The main assumptions was that complex behavior could reduce to simple mendellian genes. The complex traits does not adhere to mendellian genetics because most of the individual features are regulated by various genes. 6.) What happened in the 1936 Olympics in Berlin?

Name : In 1936 Berlin Olympics, Jessie Owen who had chronic condition and destined to fulfill extinction thesis was picked for Hitler’s Aryan race as he was assumed to be a potential corpse. He however, surprised many by rising above racial segregation and stereotype to win three races and long jump for America. Jessie Owen an African American sprinter demolished Hitler’s notion of dominance of Aryans. 7.) How do genes and alleles play a role in skin color? Skin color is as a result of combination of genes and alleles. There are dominant and recessive genes. The six alleles also determine the color of skin. 8.) What is the best way to understand genetic differences? The population distance such as people living in tropics and Norway who have different skin color. 9.) Can we isolate a gene for any complex trait (e.g., musical talent or athletic performance)? It is not possible to isolate the gene for any complex trait 10.) What is mitochondrial DNA and what will it tell us? Mitochondrial DNA is circular chromosomes found inside mitochondria. Mitochondrial DNA tells us about the ancestral line of a person. 11.) Why was Richard Lewontin’s study pioneering? How much of our genetic differences are explained within and between populations? Richard Lewontin’s pioneer research focused on genetic variation in fruit flies made him famous. He was among the first scientists to recommend the use of game theory in solving evolutionary challenges as well as coming up with method used to determine the level of diversity in the DNA of homogenous species. His study depicted that 85% of all human variations is between any two people within a locality. 12.) Why is geography important in discussion of variation in genes? Because geography is the better way to show why there can be accumulation of genes in one region in the globe, as opposed to other regions.

Name : 13.) What is the sickle-cell trait and where is it most common? It is a gene variant which modifies the structure of red blood cells. It is most common in Greece and the Mediterranean region. 14.) Does human variation map on to race? It does not map on the race despite how one may measure it. 15.) Which region has the greatest genetic diversity and why? Africa. This is because it is the region where modern humans first evolved. 16.) What is race then if it is not biological? Race is social construct that is evolved with where one lives, school they attend to, or job they do.

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