DNA - Blaye - DNA To Protein Synthesis Collaboration
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G E S C I 2 0 5 ·
D N A : G E N E T I C I D E N T I T Y , D I S E A S E , A N D D E S I G N DNA: Identity Lesson 5 Teach One Another Activity Allele Frequencies at D16S539
Allele
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
Caucasian freq.
0.0
12
0.0
03
0.1
01
0.0
83
0.1
85
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1.
A man and his wife underwent DNA fingerprinting to determine their allele status. For allele D16S539 the man had one allele with 10 repeats and the other allele with 12 repeats. The woman had one allele with 9 repeats and the other allele with 12 repeats. Determine the 4 possible combinations that we would see among their offspring. Using the Table above, calculate the locus frequency for each parent and for each one of the 4 children. Remember to use the correct formula (2pq or p
2
).
A l l e l e s
L o c u s F r e q u e n c y
a t D 1 6 S 5 3 9
F a t h e r
1 0 & 1 2
2 (0. 101 * 0.185) = 0.037
M o t h e r
9 & 1 2
2 (0.003 * 0.185) = 0.001
C h i l d # 1
9 & 12
2 (0.003 * 0.185) = 0.001
C h i l d # 2
10 &12
2 (0.101 * 0.185) = 0.037
C h i l d # 3
12 & 12
(0.185) ^ 2 = 0.034
C h i l d # 4
9 & 10
2 (0.003 * 0.101) = 0.0006
2.
Given the following DNA double strand, below it write the RNA strand (label the 5’ and 3’ ends of the RNA). After writing the RNA strand, write the sequence of 6 amino acids that would be formed from this RNA strand. Hint: Remember to start with the universal start codon for methionine (AUG).
1
G E S C I 2 0 5 ·
D N A : G E N E T I C I D E N T I T Y , D I S E A S E , A N D D E S I G N 5 ’ – G G C A T A C G C C T G C A T G C A T C G G A T C T A T T G C – 3 ’
3 ’ – C C G T A T G C G G A C G T A C G T A G C C T A G A T A A C G - 5 ’
5' - GGCATACGCCTGCATGCATCGGATCTATTGC - 3' (top)
5' - GGCAUACGCCUGC|AUG|CAU|CGG|AUC|UAU|UGC| - 3’
AUG: met
CAU: his
CGG: arg
AUG: ile
UAU: tyr
UGC: cys
3.
In the lab, you isolate mutants with different DNA sequences as shown below. Based on the sequence above, determine what change occurs to the amino acid sequence of the polypeptide. If applicable, label it as a silent, missense, or nonsense mutation.
Silent mutation
– a change in the nucleotide sequence that does not lead to a change in the
amino acid sequence.
Missense mutation
- a change in the nucleotide sequence which results in a change in the amino acid sequence.
Nonsense mutation
– a change in the nucleotide sequence which results in a premature stop codon.
M u t a n t D N A # 1
3 ’ – C C G T A T G C G G A C G T A C G T A G C C T A G A T
T
A C G
– 5 ’
It was mutated from A, the RNA was also changed to UAA (astopcodon). *Nonsense Mutation
2
Transcription start site
Nontemplate strand
Template strand
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Q4. Assume eye colour in humans is controlled by a pair of alleles of a gene where the allele
giving brown eyes is dominant to the allele giving blue eyes. Both parents of a blue-eyed man,
John, were brown-eyed. He married a brown-eyed woman, Sara, whose father had brown eyes
and mother blue eyes. Sara had a blue-eyed sister. John and Sara had a brown-eyed child.
1) Fill in the boxes and circles on the family tree below to show the genotype of each individual.
John
Sara
Q5. When Mendel crossed a large number of tall pea plants with short pea plants all E1 plants
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QUESTION 5
What is the difference between a phenotype and a genotype?
O 1.A phenotype is the set of genes an organism carries, a genotype is the organism's observable characteristics
O 2. A phenotype is the organism's observable characteristics, a genotype is the set of genes an organism carries
QUESTION 6
On a Punnett Square, which combination shows heterozygous alleles?
O 1. BB
O 2. bb
O 3. Bb
Click Save and Submit to save and submit. Click Save All Answers to save all answers.
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I at Oulu De represented by a "B" or "D" or "Z":
3. This erait would be represented by a "b" or "d" or "z":
4 88 or bb; DD or dd; ZZ or zz would represent a
5. Bb, Dd, and Zz would represent a
5. What's another name for a heterozygous genotype? Recessive Tralt
What's another name for a homozygous genotype?Daminant Traft
genotype.
genotype.
identify the following as o: homozygous daminant genotype, homozygous recessive
genorype, heterozygous genotypes, or phenotype
Trait
Vocabulary term it represents
Homozygnus dcmihant genalype
NN
Nn
Brown fur
nn
Freckles
Pp
RR
tt
Dimples
example of the following terms using the letter "R" and "r" if "R" stands for being al
ve and " is not able to roll your tongue
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Copy of Genetics PUNNETTSX
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4. The punnett square below shows brown
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1. To determine the results of this experiment, complete the Punnett squares below by
writing the correct allele(s) in the space provided
P Generation
PHENOTYPE- Round seeds
x Wrinkled seeds
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Rr
F5
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ace provid GENOTYPE
2. hat phenotypes are present in the F₁ generation? What gen'otypes are present?
F7
3. What phenotypes are present in the F2 generation? In what ratio are they present?
PHENOTYPE
4. Does your analysis support or refute Mendel's hypothesis of dominant and recessive
inheritance? Explain.
DII
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2. The following questions refer to the pedigree chart in the figure for a family, some of whose
members exhibit the dominant trait, W. Affected individuals are indicated by a dark square or circle.
2
I
ww
Ww
2 34
5
6
III
IV
1
23
A. What is the genotype of individual II-4?
B. What is the genotype of individual II-5?
C. If individual II-2 and his partner have a second child, what is the probability that their second
child will be a normal, unaffected male? Show your work:
3. Phenylketonuria is an inherited disease caused by a recessive autosomal allele. If a woman and her
husband are both carriers, what is the probability that their first child will be a phenotypically
normal female? First, draw the pedigree for this family. Then, calculate the probability (show your
work):
3
4. A man who is heterozygous for PTC tasting marries a woman who is homozygous recessive. They
have two children. Their oldest daughter is a taster, and their youngest boy is a non-taster. What is
the probability…
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Date
Name
Punnett Square Practice Worksheet
1) For each of the genotypes (AA, Aa or aa) below determine what the phenotype would be.
Purple flowers are dominant to white flowers.
PP
Pp
PP
Hairy knuckies are dominant to non-hairy knuckles in humans.
Hh
hh
HH
Bobtails in cats are recessive. Normal tails are dominant.
Tt
tt
TT
2) For each of the following write whether it is homozygous dominant, heterozygous or
homozygous recessive.
AA
gg
Pp
Ii
TT
Use the following information for questions 3-5:
In dogs, the gene for fur color has two alleles. The dominant allele (F) codes for grey fur and
the recessive allele (f) codes for black fur.
3) The female dog is heterozygous. The male dog is homozygous recessive. Figure out the
percentage or ratio of possible phenotypes and genotypes of their puppies by using a Punnett
Square.
Plae the oileles for the mule parent
helm One alele n e h lie:
% of possible Genotypes:
FF
Plar the alfele f he
emle p r ti
side One elleir on
ch tine
Ff:
% of possible…
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The pedigree below is for a rare autosomal recessive trait with complete penetrance.
IV
1
2
2
2
3
probability that IV-1 is a carrier?
34 5
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a. What does the double horizontal line indicate?
Today
17:40
A Using A and a alleles, what is the genotype of III-2?
A
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L 1.3.4 Quiz: Predicting Genetic Outcomes
Question 1 of 10
Mendel used over 28,000 pea plants in his experiment. How does this large
sample size make his results more reliable?
O A. He was not sure which of the plants were female and which were
male.
B. Most of the plants were unable to reproduce, so he needed many
of them.
C. He used more plants so the experiment wouldn't take as long.
D. It made his actual results approach the results predicted by
probability.
SUBMIT
E PREVIOUS
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3
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The genotype of EB27 and EB67 are unknown. Based on pedigree, what are the most likely genotype of each individual?
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- 1 attacnment
Phenotype
Genotype
Number
MM
LMLM
182
MN
LMLN
172
NN
LNLN
44
Calculate the genotypic frequency of the LMLN
genotype? (2 pts)
A. 0.457
C. 0.111
B. 0.432
D. 0.216
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Name
Class
Date
Lesson Quiz
12.1 The Work of Gregor Mendel
Directions
For mutible chnice questions wrte the leller thet best answers the queston or compintes the
statement on Uie line pronidad For ather question lypes, folow the directions provided
1. Far each amIssing word or phrase, circle the chaice thal corectly completes the
sentence.
Mencel worked wilth pea plants, which are usualy (cross-pollinating/
self pollinating When he transfarred polen from one pea plant lo ancther, he
was (cross-pollinating /seff-pollinating) the pea plants to (fertilize/
Segregatel the eggs and form ambryos within a seed.
2. Mendel studied seven trats in pea p'ants. One of the monchybrid crosses he
made was betwsen plarts wth round seeds and plants wth wrinkled seeds.
Sews
What was a conclusion Mendel drew from the F generabion of this cross?
. The dominant factor, or allele, is for round seeds
b. The dominant factor, or allele, is for wrnkled seeds
C. The factors or alicies for round seeds disappear…
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Fraction of
Age Individuals
surviving
RS of
survivor
RS of
survivor
carrying A,
allele
carrying A₂
allele
0
1.00
0
0
1
0.60
0
1
2
0.36
2
1
3
0.22
3
4
0.13
4
5
0.08
5
6
0.05
4
7
0.03
3
23432
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0.02
2
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9
0.01
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0.00
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Need help with number 5
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ABITI LED
aidT 1. In rabbits, coloration of the fur depends on alleles of the gene c. From information
given in the chapter, what phenotypes and proportions would be expected from
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Patterns of Inheritance
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PROCEDURE
Part 1: Monohybrid Cross
1. Set up and complete Punnett squares for each of the following crosses. Record the Punnett squares in Post-Lab Question
1.
A. A female homozygous for free earlobes and a male heterozygous for free earlobes
B. A male homozygous for freckles and a female that does not have freckles
2. Set up and complete a Punnett square for the following cross. Record the Punnett square in Post-Lab Question 6.
A. A male from Step 1B and a female that is heterozygous for freckles
Part 2: Dihybrid Cross
1. Identify four possible gametes produced by the following individuals. Record the possible gamete combinations produced in
Post-Lab Question 9.
A. A male homozygous for free earlobes and heterozygous for freckles
B. A female…
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The chromsomes of a person with a genetic disorder are shown in the diagram below.
A AO A
13 14 15
33 XX 222 AX
19 20
21
22
independent assortment
crossing over
point mutation
XS
16
Based on the chromosomes in the diagram, the genetic disorder was most likely caused
by what process?
Onondisjunction
O
*
15
17 18
6₁
XY
22
d
U
0
S
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What is the right answer?
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Generation
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Genotypic Frequency
AA
1
O
4
O
Observed
Aa
3
2
O
1
O
17
aa
1
3
4
5
Allelic Frequency
Observed
A (p)
0.5
0.5 0.5
0,8
a (q)
0.5
0,2
0.8 0.
0.1
O
0.9
Genotypic Frequency
Expected
2pq
0.50
p²
0.25
q²
0.25
0.25 0.50 0.25
0.04
0.32 0.64
0.64 0.16 0.01
0.01 0.18 0.81
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Use the following information for questions 10-12:
In dogs, the gene for fur color has two alleles. The dominant allele (F) codes for grey
fur and the recessive allele (f) codes for black fur.
10) The female dog is heterozygous. The male dog is homozygous recessive. What is the chance
their offspring have grey fur?
T
14 -
11) The female dog has black fur. The male dog has black fur. What is the chance their offspring
has a heterozygous genotype?
12) The female dog is heterozygous. The male dog is heterozygous. What is the chance their
offspring is…
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7:37 4
ul15GE
( Exit
Interactivity: Using Punnett Squares
Due 03/03/22 11:59pm
Using Punnett Squares
Probability
Mendel kept careful numerical data describing
the results of his pea experiments. He knew that
if alleles segregated randomly when forming
gametes, mathematical probability should
predict the outcome of the F2 generation.
His true-breeding parent plants were
homozygous, RR or rr. This cross resulted in an F1
generation of heterozygous plants, Rr.
1. What phenotypes would you predict in the F2
generation?
Type your answer here.
< 1 of 7
AA
A savvasrealize.com
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PDE Mendelian Genetics Fall20.pdf
Observational Science Home Lab x
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Cystic fibrosis is a fatal genetic disease that affects one child in 1,600. It is an autosomal recessive gene. Both parents
are heterozygous for this trait.
A10) What are the phenotypes of each parent?
A11) In terms of alleles, what are the different gametes each parent can produce?
A12) This couple has had three children without cystic fibrosis. If the couple has a fourth child, what is the probability
that it will have the disorder?
In humans, the dominant allele 'D' codes for deafness, and the recessive allele 'd' codes for normal hearing. The father
is homozygous recessive and the mother is heterozygous.
A13) Construct a Punnett square.
A14) What is the phenotypic ratio of their offspring? What is the genotypic ratio of their offspring?
Part B: Dihybrid Crosses
What would result from a…
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Which of the karyotypes shown is from a normal female?
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Trivla Game Show
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In guinea pigs, black hair (B) is dominant to white hair (b) and rough hair (R) is dominant to smooth hair (r). What are all the possible genotypes of a
guinea pig that has black, rough hair? (Select all that apply.)
O BBRR
BBRr
BBrr
BBRR
BbRr
O bbRR
O bbRr
O bbrr
O Black
O White
O Rough
OSmooth
O Rough
O Smooth
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U+ 2:24 E *
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4. None of above
on 4
The length of the entire human reference genome is about
ed
Select one:
I out of
O 1.3 billion bases
O 2. 300 million bases
on
O 3. 100 million bases
4. 40 billion bases
II
on 5
a. What is(are) the difference(s) between orthologs and paralogs?
b. What are the main sources of variation?
个
TOP
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Biology: Genetics and Heredity Unit Test
Part 1. Pedigree Charts
Use the Pedigree Chart below to answer the following questions:
00
1. The above pedigree chart shows the sex-linked recessive trait of color-blindness. Label
each of the individuals' genotype on the chart.
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- A A EE v E v E E 12 Aa v AaBbCcDdE AaBb AaBbCcDdEe AaBbCcDdEe AaBbCcD ab x, х, х* x A evAv Normal No Spacing Heading 1 Heading 2 Title Styles Pane Dicta Q4. Assume eye colour in humans is controlled by a pair of alleles of a gene where the allele giving brown eyes is dominant to the allele giving blue eyes. Both parents of a blue-eyed man, John, were brown-eyed. He married a brown-eyed woman, Sara, whose father had brown eyes and mother blue eyes. Sara had a blue-eyed sister. John and Sara had a brown-eyed child. 1) Fill in the boxes and circles on the family tree below to show the genotype of each individual. John Sara Q5. When Mendel crossed a large number of tall pea plants with short pea plants all E1 plantsarrow_forwardExplain how having a heterozygous genotype for sickle-cell in Malaria stricken areas of Africa is a benefit. v 3 (12pt) Arial TTTT Paragraph v T T, OM HTHL CSS O S Mashups- Path: p ост 28 MacBook Air 80 esc F1 F2 F3 F4 F5 F6 F7 @ #3 $4 & 1 2 3 4 6. 7 8. Q W R Y U A S F J lock C V N control option command エ D N ピarrow_forwardHow many chromosomes are shown in a normal human karyotype? * 23 44 46 Sign out %23 24 & 4. 7 8. 9. e r y d f g h j k C b ctri + Il OIarrow_forward
- 10 11012 130 14 150 30 170 19C U 2.EVC syndrome O 3. All of the above QUESTION 5 What is the difference between a phenotype and a genotype? O 1.A phenotype is the set of genes an organism carries, a genotype is the organism's observable characteristics O 2. A phenotype is the organism's observable characteristics, a genotype is the set of genes an organism carries QUESTION 6 On a Punnett Square, which combination shows heterozygous alleles? O 1. BB O 2. bb O 3. Bb Click Save and Submit to save and submit. Click Save All Answers to save all answers. 44°F Mostly c の f1 fi0 fe t9 144 f7 1- fs 10 米 & 6. 8. 3. 4 近 %24arrow_forwardI at Oulu De represented by a "B" or "D" or "Z": 3. This erait would be represented by a "b" or "d" or "z": 4 88 or bb; DD or dd; ZZ or zz would represent a 5. Bb, Dd, and Zz would represent a 5. What's another name for a heterozygous genotype? Recessive Tralt What's another name for a homozygous genotype?Daminant Traft genotype. genotype. identify the following as o: homozygous daminant genotype, homozygous recessive genorype, heterozygous genotypes, or phenotype Trait Vocabulary term it represents Homozygnus dcmihant genalype NN Nn Brown fur nn Freckles Pp RR tt Dimples example of the following terms using the letter "R" and "r" if "R" stands for being al ve and " is not able to roll your tonguearrow_forwardCopy of Genetics PUNNETTSX ELGwRo/edit * O 4. The punnett square below shows brown eyed mom and blue eyed dad. Complete the punnett square (Double click the image to complete in Google Drawing) & 7 DELL u B 0 b m * 8 ¡ k O b - 0 MAYA SALEM-Genetics Hyper X + 9 O ) O Sign out р b **** Feb 2 9:17 0 0 US +11 : A } bacarrow_forward
- Po es) 20 F1 KEY CROSS- RR X IT RESULTS- Rr GENOTYPE- RR IT Ơ 天 2 T 1. To determine the results of this experiment, complete the Punnett squares below by writing the correct allele(s) in the space provided P Generation PHENOTYPE- Round seeds x Wrinkled seeds F4 R 1, a r Rr F5 Rr RR Rr RR R X Rr F6 Rr Rr AaBbCcDdE AaBbCcDdE Aa BbCcD Aa BbCcD Heading 1 Normal No Spacing IT IT I F1 F2 F2 KEY CROSS-RrxRr RESULTS ace provid GENOTYPE 2. hat phenotypes are present in the F₁ generation? What gen'otypes are present? F7 3. What phenotypes are present in the F2 generation? In what ratio are they present? PHENOTYPE 4. Does your analysis support or refute Mendel's hypothesis of dominant and recessive inheritance? Explain. DII F8 Title F9 Aa BbCcDdEe Focus Subtitle E E 1arrow_forward2. The following questions refer to the pedigree chart in the figure for a family, some of whose members exhibit the dominant trait, W. Affected individuals are indicated by a dark square or circle. 2 I ww Ww 2 34 5 6 III IV 1 23 A. What is the genotype of individual II-4? B. What is the genotype of individual II-5? C. If individual II-2 and his partner have a second child, what is the probability that their second child will be a normal, unaffected male? Show your work: 3. Phenylketonuria is an inherited disease caused by a recessive autosomal allele. If a woman and her husband are both carriers, what is the probability that their first child will be a phenotypically normal female? First, draw the pedigree for this family. Then, calculate the probability (show your work): 3 4. A man who is heterozygous for PTC tasting marries a woman who is homozygous recessive. They have two children. Their oldest daughter is a taster, and their youngest boy is a non-taster. What is the probability…arrow_forwardDate Name Punnett Square Practice Worksheet 1) For each of the genotypes (AA, Aa or aa) below determine what the phenotype would be. Purple flowers are dominant to white flowers. PP Pp PP Hairy knuckies are dominant to non-hairy knuckles in humans. Hh hh HH Bobtails in cats are recessive. Normal tails are dominant. Tt tt TT 2) For each of the following write whether it is homozygous dominant, heterozygous or homozygous recessive. AA gg Pp Ii TT Use the following information for questions 3-5: In dogs, the gene for fur color has two alleles. The dominant allele (F) codes for grey fur and the recessive allele (f) codes for black fur. 3) The female dog is heterozygous. The male dog is homozygous recessive. Figure out the percentage or ratio of possible phenotypes and genotypes of their puppies by using a Punnett Square. Plae the oileles for the mule parent helm One alele n e h lie: % of possible Genotypes: FF Plar the alfele f he emle p r ti side One elleir on ch tine Ff: % of possible…arrow_forward
- < I 17:48 8 The pedigree below is for a rare autosomal recessive trait with complete penetrance. IV 1 2 2 2 3 probability that IV-1 is a carrier? 34 5 3 4 a. What does the double horizontal line indicate? Today 17:40 A Using A and a alleles, what is the genotype of III-2? A 919 i 16 Sel Edit A/ What is thearrow_forwardNumber 7 need helparrow_forwardng -Courses iblic/activ 003004/a s sment al V T-Rex Game. un in to your acc. L 1.3.4 Quiz: Predicting Genetic Outcomes Question 1 of 10 Mendel used over 28,000 pea plants in his experiment. How does this large sample size make his results more reliable? O A. He was not sure which of the plants were female and which were male. B. Most of the plants were unable to reproduce, so he needed many of them. C. He used more plants so the experiment wouldn't take as long. D. It made his actual results approach the results predicted by probability. SUBMIT E PREVIOUSarrow_forward
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