Micro II Lab SQ

Answer the following questions:   1. Define a bacterial colony.   2. What is the difference between macroscopic and microscopic appearance of bacteria?   3. State the three standard terms used to describe single colonies on agar plates.   4. State and define the three types of growth that may be seen in a broth culture.   5. State three basic shapes of bacteria.   6. State and describe the different arrangements of cocci.   7. What is the difference between true motility and Brownian motion?

11:32 × exam 2 Microbiology 240 Fall 2022.docx Saved on device obuz. 8+ 7) A halophile (salt-loving) microbe can live in high salt environments because.... a) It has a very strong cell wall b) It maintains a high concentration of solutes in its cytoplasm c) It keep a low concentration of solutes in its cytoplasm d) It is impermeable to water | | A

TSI Test                                                                                                                   plz answer all questions  Why does TSI contain less glucose than sucrose or lactose? Does an acidic slant indicate that the microbe is a coliform? Explain your answer. What is the function of iron in this medium? Production of H2S by bacteria growing anaerobically in the intestines is common. Some H2S is absorbed into the circulation and some is expelled as intestinal gas. Less commonly, in certain individuals, H2S producing bacteria can live in the plaque built up around their teeth. What undesirable effect might that lead to? conclusion

1. What color does an acid-fast cell stain? 2. Identify two diseases that are caused by acid-fast bacteria. 3. In the endospore stain, what color do the endospores stain? 4. If you performed an endospore stain on Mycobacterium, what color cells would you expect tosee? Why? 5. How do capsules contribute to virulence of an organism? 6. Since you know what lophotrichous and amphitrichous arrangements look like, put thoseterms together to draw an amphilophotrichous bacterium. 7. Streptococcus pneumoniae that are capable of causing pneumonia are encapsulated bacteria(meaning they have a capsule). Describe what you would expect to see under themicroscope after performing a capsule stain with india ink and safranin.

Microbes in our Lives 1. List several ways in which microbes affect our lives. Naming and Classifying Microorganisms 1. Recognize the system of scientific nomenclature that uses two names: a genus and a specific epithet. 2. Differentiate the major characteristics of each group of microorganisms. 3. List the three domains. A Brief History of Microbiology 1. List at least four beneficial activities of microorganisms. 2. Name two examples of biotechnology that use recombinant DNA technology and two examples that do not. 3. Explain the importance of observations made by Hooke and van Leeuwenhoek. 4. Compare spontaneous generation and biogenesis. 5. Identify the contributions to microbiology made by Needham, Spallanzani, Virchow, and Pasteur. 6. Define bacteriology, mycology, parasitology, immunology, and virology. 7. Explain the importance of microbial genetics and molecular biology.

1. Where is staphylococcus aureus commonly found? 2. What staphylococcus aureus  its significance in medical microbiology?  3. Is staphylococcus aureus an obligate aerobe or facultative anaerobes?  4. can staphylococcus aureus  catabolism glucose or lactose? Does it produce strong acid products such as lactic or acetic acid?  5. Does staphylococcus aureus produce by product that are converted to alcohols?

Why might clinical medicine have an interest in understanding bacterial cell division at the molecular level? Explain why a hyperthermophile would probably not be a human pathogen. Describe four factors that may have an influence on the effectiveness of an antimicrobial treatment. Explain why 70% or 80% alcohol is more effective than 100% alcohol in controlling microorganisms.

1(a)What is a psychrotroph? (b)From what natural sources would you isolate a thermophile? A psychrophile? (C)How does temperature affect the growth of a microorganism? (D)State the temperature class for Escherichia coli, Bacillus sp, Aeromonas sp, Micrococcus luteus, and suggest their optimum growth temperature. 2 (a)Why is dilution important when determining microbe number? (B)How does a decrease in dye colour intensity affect the microbe ? (C)State the possible sources of error if plate counts and colour intensity of dilutions are incorrect or Precautions taken to prevent this from happening. ( this is not a graded assignment)

Question 7 Microbiology BIOL 2420 What does the line at the end of the arrow represent?   Question 7 options:   a)  therapeutic index of the antibiotic   b)  minimum inhibitory concentration   c)  end of diffusion of the antibiotic   d)  more than one of these

what is plaque essay? what is the purpose of this lab? why this lab is perform? (bacteriophage) what techniques is used and how can we derive information(data)? methologies, theory, mechanism for reactions that lead to observable results. required information on microbial metabolism. why is the microbe doing this?

Title: Spoilage of coconut water Aim:  To assess the diversity of psychrotrophic bacteria causing spoilage in coconut water How might storage of the coconut water samples at room temperature after collection and before plating influence the results obtained from the samples incubated at 5ºC?

Microbiology BIOL 2420 Question 6 Suppose you do this test on a hypothetical Staphylococcus species with the antibiotics penicillin (P10) and chloramphenicol (C30).  You record a zone of inhibition size of 25 mm for both disks.  Which antibiotic would be more effective against this organism?   Question 6 options:   a)  both would be equally effective   b)  chloramphenicol   c)  penicillin

I need help with the following question: After graduating from university you decide to celebrate your success with a trip to Thailand during the summer. You rent a moped to visit an archeological site on the outskirts of Bangkok. On the way there you hit a patch of gravel and wipe out, badly scraping your leg. Lurking in the dirt embedded in the scrape on your leg is Burkholderia pseudomallei, a soil bacterium endemic in Southeast Asia but not present in North America. Describe the cellular and molecular processes necessary for the activation of a primary adaptive immune response and the effector mechanisms produced to clear the infection. Be specific in terms of receptors and effector molecules specific to the type of pathogen.

Table C. Xanthoproteic Reaction Samples |1. Tryptophan 2. Tyrosine 3. Casein 4. Albumin 5. Peptone 6. distilled water Observation

Bacterial generation times for four different bacterial species were calculated in the media listed in Table 6.3. All media were prepared with pure distilled water and incubated aerobically in the light. Compare and contrast the growth requirements of the four bacteria listed above. Which of the media, if any, are chemically defined?| Generation Time Escherichia coli Pseudomonas Lactobacillus Nitrobacter Medium aeruginos a NaCl, NO3", MgSO4 80 Glucose 100 Glucose, NaCl, PO43- Glucose, NaCl, PO43-, MgSO4 Glucose, NaCl, PO4-, MgSO4, 56 200 43 100 28 40 8 amino acids Glucose, NaCl, PO43-, MgSO4, 25 25 80 19 amino adds

53.  Which one of the following bacteria group CANNOT survive in presence of oxygen? Group of answer choices obligate aerobes obligate fermenters facultative aerobes anaerobes microaerophiles aerotolerant   54.  Identify the MISMATCH pair from the following,  Group of answer choices E.coli  :::: facultative aerobe group Bacteroides :::: obligate anaerobes none of the above is a mismatched pair Chlamydia sps :::: cell culture for cultivation Gardnerella sps :::: bacterial vaginosis Staphylococcus sps :::: can tolerate 20 % salt; cause pimples Rickettsias :::: obligate intracellular parasite

Title: Spoilage of coconut water Aim:  To assess the diversity of psychrotrophic bacteria causing spoilage in coconut water. How might incubation of plates at 37°C influence the results of the quantitative dilution and plating of the coconut water samples?

List 5 temperature requirements for bacterial growth. Explain the temperature ranges and where do infectious bacteria fall in the temperature range and requirements.

Amswer the following questions: 1. What other physiological responses may have caused the diphasic growth in E. coli? 2.Describe the methods used by microbiologists in producing synchronous cultures from unsynchronized bacterial culture.

orrectly identify the bacteria based of the information provided: Cocci, Gram+, Catalase+, Facultative anaerobic Question 2 options: Streptococcus Enterobacter Vibrio Micrococcus Neisseria

Answer the following questions: 1. What was the first antibiotic and what was its importance? 2. What does resistance mean? 3. Who is affected by resistance? 4. What if the resistance problem is not solved? 5. Describe the structure of the bacterium (its parts) 6. Can bacteria change? explain 7. Why do Bacteria communicate, what is the purpose? 8. Explain how a bacterium achieves its resistance. 9. What is the use given to antibiotics in production animals? 10. Is this use in animals good practice? 11. Once resistance occurs, what has the scientific community had to do? 12. Do antibiotics only affect negative bacteria? explain. 13. What are the most feared diseases due to antibiotic resistance? 14. Should antibiotics be used against viruses? explain. 15. How can we avoid antibiotic resistance?

Part A. 1.Why do microbiologists use cultured plates with 30 to 300 colonies used for calculations?  2. Why is ground beef a better bacterial growth medium than a steak or roast. 3. Why does repeated freezing and thawing increase bacterial growth if meat is then left at room temperature?

Q5 Endospores are very resistant to heat, drying, radiation and chemicals.A) TrueB) False

A batch of turkey rolls (10 lb—approximately 4.5 Kg—each) were cooked to 165°F internal temperature in bags, opened, sliced, vacuum-packaged, and stored at 40°F. The product was expected to have a refrigerated shelf life of 50 days. However, after 40 days, the packages contained gas and approximately 107 bacterial cells/g of meat. The bacterial species involved in the spoilage was found to be Leuconostoc carnosum, which is killed at 165°F. What could be the sources of the bacterial species in this cooked product?

Pregunta 7 Diluting a culture of bacteria to detemine the cancentration OC) Generally not required for well-established E. ull cultures O (D) Both A and B are correct O A) Performed on a liquid bacterial culture to determine the type of organism present O (B) Involves the use of spread plating Pregunta 8 Preparing a cell extract O (B) May involve the use of a detergent O (D) A-C are correct OWs done to prepare a sample for chromatography O (C) May involve the use of an enzyme Pregunta 9 Preparing a cell extract as we did in class O A Resulted in a cell extract with all denatured proteins pok O (C) Both B and D are correct O (B) Involved SDS orm oring O (D) Resulted in a cell extract that maintalned protein tertiary structures Teams

1.). a.) What particular pathways or enzymes appear distinct for sulfate reducing bacteria in order to harness energy (create ATP)? b.) What interesting structures or unique characteristics allowed sulfate reducing bacteria to solve physical and/or chemical challenges/problems in conserving energy?

Microorganism: Dinophysis sp Is this organism aerobe or anaerobe? What type would it be? Explain why.

Name 3 beneficial activities of microorganisms.

Topic 1: Gram staining principle a. Describe the structure of peptidoglycan b. Describe in detail the architecture and structure of Gram negative cell wall structure c. Discuss how Gram positive cell wall is different from Gram negative wall structure. ​​ d. What are teichoic acid and their location? Provide the role of the teichoic acid in bacterial cells.

1. Which substances are able to diffuse through dialysis tubing? Choose all that apply. - Protein - Glucose - Sodium chloride  - Starch  2. In yeast, which culture(s) are able to demonstrate diffusion? (Choose one option below) A) Only the dead yeast culture demonstrated diffusion B) Both the alive and dead yeast culture demonstrated diffusion C) Only the alive yeast culture demonstrated diffusion D) Neither the alive nor dead yeast culture demonstrated diffusion 3. In yeast, which culture(s) demonstrate active transport? (Choose one option below) A) Only the alive yeast culture demonstrated active transport B) Neither the alive nor dead yeast culture demonstrated active transport C) Only the dead yeast culture demonstrated active transport D) Both the alive and dead yeast culture demonstrated active transport 4. In yeast, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) does not provide the energy for active transport to occur (True or False?) A) True B) False

Discuss biofilms and their relevance to infectious diseases. Discuss population growth and the phases of a typical bacterial growth curve. Describe generation time for a bacterial population Explain how bacterial growth correlates to disease. Describe how environmental changes can alter the shape of a growth curve. Categorize microbes based on their preferred environmental niches (pH, temperature, oxygen and salt). Identify the biological properties that allow different classes of microbes to grow in extreme environments.