chapter 43 Review Questions

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1. Review Questions - Chapter 43 1. 1. ID: 25066818762 Which term is appropriate for the gelatinous material found in bone? A. Collagen B. Calcium C. Protein D. Ground substance Correct Mature rigid bone is made up of rigid connective tissue consisting of cells, fibers, ground substance, and minerals. The ground substance is the gelatinous material. Awarded 0.0 points out of 1.0 possible points. 2. 2. ID: 25066818767 Which is the major remodeler cell of bone? A. Osteoblast B. Osteoid C. Osteoclast Correct D. Osteocyte Osteoclasts are considered the major remodeler cells of bone. Osteoid is nonmineralized bone matrix. Osteoblasts are cells derived from mesenchymal stem cells that produce type I collagen. An osteocyte is a transformed osteoblast that is trapped or surrounded in osteoid. Awarded 0.0 points out of 1.0 possible points. 3. 3. ID: 25066818772 Which are the most common mineral components of bone? A. Magnesium and calcium B. Phosphate and calcium Correct C. Phosphate and magnesium D. Sodium and magnesium Phosphate and calcium form amorphous calcium phosphate compounds that are converted into hydroxyapatite in the bone matrix. Awarded 0.0 points out of 1.0 possible points. 4. 4. ID: 25066818777 What is the function of osteocalcin? A. Forms compression-resistant networks between collagen fibrils B. Controls collagen interactions that lead to fibril formation C. Plays a part in bone resorption by recruiting osteoclasts Correct D. Transports essential elements such as hormones

Osteocalcin is a calcium-binding protein that preferentially binds to calcium that has already crystallized. Osteocalcin plays a role in inhibiting calcium phosphate precipitation and in bone resorption by recruiting osteoclasts. Proteoglycans are responsible for forming compression-resistant networks between the collagen fibrils. Glycoproteins control the collagen interactions that lead to fibril formation. Bone albumin is identical to serum albumin. Awarded 0.0 points out of 1.0 possible points. 5. 5. ID: 25066818782 Which type of collagen is the glue that finally holds together the scaffolding of articular cartilage? A. II B. IX Correct C. XI D. VI Type IX collagen is thought to be the glue. Type II is the principal component of cartilage. Type XI regulates the fibril diameter of type II cartilage. Type VI is one of the cartilage-specific collagens. Awarded 0.0 points out of 1.0 possible points. 6. 6. ID: 25066818787 Which statement is true regarding the types of bone tissue? A. Three types of bone exist. B. Compact bone makes up approximately 10% of the skeleton. C. The major difference between the types of bone is the organization of the elements. Correct D. The different types of bone have different structural elements. The major difference between the two types of bone is the organization of the elements. Bone is made up of two types of osseous tissue: compact and spongy bone. Compact bone makes up 85% of the skeleton, and spongy bone makes up the remaining 15%. They have similar structural elements, and the organization of elements is what makes them different. Awarded 0.0 points out of 1.0 possible points. 7. 7. ID: 25066818792 Which is a true statement regarding the human skeleton? A. The skeletal system has 306 bones. B. The axial skeleton consists of the skull, vertebral column, and thorax. Correct C. The axial skeleton consists of 126 bones. D. The skeleton contributes to 50% of total body weight.

The axial skeleton contains the skull, vertebral column, and thorax. The skeletal system has a total of 206 bones. The axial skeleton has 80 bones, and the appendicular skeleton has 126. The skeleton contributes to 14% of the weight of the adult body. Awarded 0.0 points out of 1.0 possible points. 8. 8. ID: 25066818797 Which term is used to identify the narrow tubular portion of the long bone that merges into the neck? A. Growth plate B. Diaphysis Correct C. Metaphysis D. Epiphysis Long bones are longer than they are wide and consist of a narrow tubular midportion (diaphysis) that merges into a broader neck (metaphysis) and a broad end (epiphysis). In a child, the epiphysis is separated from the metaphysis by a cartilaginous growth plate. Awarded 0.0 points out of 1.0 possible points. 9. 9. ID: 25066819102 What type of joint has two bony surfaces that are united by a ligament or membrane? A. Syndesmosis Correct B. Gomphosis C. Fibrous joint D. Synchondrosis Syndesmosis is a joint that has two bony surfaces united by a ligament of membrane. Gomphosis is a special type of fibrous joint in which a conical projection fits into a complementary socket and is held by a ligament. A fibrous joint describes the connection of bone to bone by fibrous connective tissue. Synchondrosis is a joint in which hyaline cartilage connects the two bones (instead of fibrocartilage). Awarded 0.0 points out of 1.0 possible points. 10.10. ID: 25066819107 Which statements are true regarding the haversian system? (Select all that apply.) A. The haversian system has a central canal. Correct B. There are concentric layers of bone matrix called lamellae . Correct C. There are tiny spaces between the lamellae called lacunae . Correct D. Spongy bone contains this system. E. Compact bone contains the haversian system. Correct

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Compact bone, not spongy bone, contains the haversian system, which is made up of a central canal, the lamellae, the lacunae, osteocytes, and canaliculi. Awarded 0.0 points out of 1.0 possible points. 11.11. ID: 25066819113 What are the stages of wound healing in a bone? (Select all that apply.) A. Hematoma formation Correct B. Procallus formation Correct C. Callus formation Correct D. Hematoma resorption E. Remodeling Correct The steps, in order, for bone wound healing are hematoma formation, procallus formation, callus formation, callus replacement, and remodeling. Awarded 0.0 points out of 1.0 possible points.

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