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McMaster University *
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Jan 9, 2024
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Astronomy 1F03 Assignment 3
/23
Write your answers on a separate sheet, show all work and submit to the correct Crowdmark
submission page (e.g., scanned with your phone in PDF). Some questions require written answers or
explanations. You can ask any questions you may have during Wednesday morning help sessions, on
the “ask us anything” channel on Teams, or via your tutorials (hint: don’t ask us to pre-mark your work
by showing us a draft and asking, “Is this correct?”, but instead ask specific questions. If you reference
a source outside the text or lectures, indicate that source (e.g., a link to an exact webpage – no need
for references to be in a specific format).
You may work individually, in a pair, or in a trio (i.e., no more than three people can work together in a
group). Each group member will get the same grade as other members in their group. Only one
submission per group is needed, so
ensure all names and student numbers are clearly specified in
the first question on Crowdmark
.
/1
1. Use a generative artificial intelligence (genAI) model (e.g., ChatGPT, Bard, Bing) to create
multiple-choice questions (MCQs), which you/your group will then critique. The MCQs should
focus on one topic from the weeks 7-8 from Astronomy 1F03 material (if uncertain, check with
your TA or the instructor). In other words, you submit one prompt asking for all MCQs (not
separate prompts for each question). Submit 5 MCQs if you are working individually, 8 MCQs if
in a pair, and 12 MCQs if in a trio. Each MCQ must include a question and five answers. Only
one of the five answers should be correct. Provide the following:
a. Confirm that you’re working alone, in a pair, or as a trio.
I am working alone.
b. Name the genAI you used and provide a link to it.
/1
ChatGPT: https://chat.openai.com/
c. Copy and paste the exact prompt you gave to the genAI model.
/1
d. Copy and paste the exact response.
/1
e. Critique the responses for each question/answer combination individually. You must
critique the content (i.e., not the grammar, unless the grammar influences the content).
Cite material from the class slides to support your critique. Is the correct answer (as
identified by the genAI model) actually correct, are the incorrect answers actually
incorrect, and/or is there any ambiguity? If a question, answer, or answer-alternate is
ambiguous, how would you rephrase it? Is the level of question appropriate for this
class? (Rank the question in terms of easy, medium, or hard, from your perspective.).
Format your critiques in a table format below so that the TAs marking your submission
can see the question and your critique at the same time.
/7
AI response
Your critique
C15
Prompt 1:
Create a question about the composition of
the Sun with 5 answers, one right
Question:
What is the primary composition of the
Sun's core, where nuclear fusion reactions
take place?
A)
50% Helium, 50% Hydrogen
B)
75% Hydrogen, 25% Helium
(Correct)
C)
90% Helium, 10% Hydrogen
D)
100% Hydrogen
E)
60% Hydrogen, 40% Helium
The correct answer is slightly incorrect. The
correct answer that the slides provide is 71%
hydrogen, 27% helium, and 2% oxygen, carbon,
nitrogen, etc. ChatGPT gave a more broad
answer. This question is straightforward because
it asks for the specific elements that make up
the Sun’s core. This question is appropriate for
the class because the content of this question is
covered in C15. I would rank this question as
easy because it requires little brainstorming
since the answer can be found on the slides.
C15
Prompt:
Create a question asking about the
temperature of the corona, with 5 answers,
one right
Question:
What is the approximate temperature of the
Sun's outermost layer, the corona?
The correct answer that Chat GPT provided is
actually wrong in this case. From the slides
(C15), the correct answer would be 1 million
kelvin. All of the possible answers that ChatGPT
provided are wrong. The question is not
ambiguous, because it is asking for a specific
temperature value. This question is appropriate
for the course because material about the
Corona is covered in slides of C15. I would rank
this question as easy, as the actual answer is
directly on one of the slides of C15.
A)
5,000 degrees Celsius
B)
50,000 degrees Celsius
C)
500,000 degrees Celsius
D)
1 million degrees Celsius
(Correct)
E)
5 million degrees Celsius
C15
Prompt:
Create a question asking about prominence, 5
answers, one right
Question:
What is solar prominence?
A)
A measure of solar brightness
B)
A type of solar wind
C)
A sudden burst of energy from the Sun
D)
A loop of plasma extending from the
solar surface into the Sun's outer
atmosphere
(Correct)
E)
A dark spot on the Sun's surface
The correct answer that ChatGPT provided is
actually correct, and the incorrect answers are
actually incorrect. The question is
straightforward and clear, so there is no
ambiguity. This question is appropriate for the
class because solar prominence is covered in
C15. I would rank this question as easy because
the slide shows provide a clear answer to this
question that requires little to no critical
thinking.
C16
Prompt:
Create a question asking about what is not a
benefit of fusion on earth , 5 answers, one right
Question:
Which of the following is not a potential
benefit of controlled nuclear fusion on Earth?
A)
Abundant fuel supply (deuterium and lithium)
B)
Minimal greenhouse gas emissions
C)
Safe and secure waste disposal
(Correct)
D)
Continuous and reliable energy production
E)
Limited risk of nuclear accidents
The answer that ChatGPT provided is actually
correct, and there is no ambiguity with how the
AI worded the question. I would rank this
question as hard because it requires a lot of
critical thinking. All of these answers seem very
related to each other, since they are all benefits,
but answer C is incorrect because fusion does
not actually do anything about waste that
already exists. It acts as a source of energy that
does not create waste, but it does not affect the
waste that currently resides in the world. The
rest of the answers are incorrect, so this
question has no errors. It is also appropriate for
the class because the content of this question is
covered in C16.
C16
Prompt:
Create a question asking about what is not a
fundamental force, 5 answers, one right
Question:
Among the following, which is not considered
one of the fundamental forces in the universe?
A)
Electromagnetic force
B)
Gravitational force
According to the lecture slides, the four
fundamental forces of the universe are: Strong,
electromagnetic, weak, and gravity forces. Each
of these forces were included in the answer
choices that ChatGPT created. The nuclear and
weak nuclear force indicated strong and weak
forces. However, since there were five possible
answers, the last answer had to be incorrect,
and that was frictional force, the fictional
answer that ChatGPT created. Frictional force is
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C)
Nuclear force
D)
Frictional force
E)
Weak nuclear force
real force, but it is not a fundamental one. This
question is appropriate for the class because the
material pertaining to this question is covered in
class, in C16. This question is straightforward
and clear, and the difficulty would be medium
because it requires some form of brainstorming
to differentiate the fake answer from the correct
answers.
2. Pick a topic from weeks 7-8 of Astronomy 1F03 that you or your group would like to learn more
about. The topic should not be the same as in question 1 above. Think of a question you would
like to pose to a genAI model; the question should be complex enough that there is a sufficient
response from the genAI. Use two different genAI models and compare the content (not the
writing style) of their answers. The responses should each be approximately 100 words in
length if you are working individually, 150 words if in a pair, and 200 words if in a trio. a.
Confirm that you’re working alone, in a pair, or as a trio.
b. Name the genAI models you used and provide links to them.
/1
1.
ChatGPT: https://chat.openai.com/
2.
Bing AI: https://www.bing.com/search?q=Bing%20AI&showconv=1&form=MT00IS
c. Copy and paste the exact prompt you gave to each of the genAI models.
/1
For both:
provide a summary of the structure of the sun, inner and outer zones, 100 words
d. Highlight the differences (if there are any) by color-coding the text and annotating the
responses.
/2
ChatGPT
The Sun's structure consists of several layers, primarily divided into the inner and outer
zones. The inner core, at about 15 million degrees Celsius, is the fusion powerhouse where
hydrogen atoms fuse into helium, releasing immense energy. Surrounding the core is the
radiative zone, where energy generated in the core slowly radiates outward through
photon interactions. Above this lies the convective zone, characterized by convective
currents carrying heat to the Sun's surface. Finally, the outermost layer, the photosphere,
emits light and heat into space. The Sun's atmosphere comprises the chromosphere and
the corona, extending millions of kilometers into space.
ChatGPT provides information about the temperature of the Sun’s core, which Bing AI
does not. It also explains the fusion that occurs inside the Sun, and how atoms fuse,
which produce energy. This genAI also provides information on the distance of the Sun’s
atmosphere.
Bing AI
The Sun is a star that is at the center of our solar system. It is composed of several layers,
with the innermost layer being the core, where nuclear fusion occurs and energy is
produced. The radiative zone is the next layer, where energy moves slowly outward. The
convection zone is the outermost layer of the Sun’s interior, where energy continues to
move toward the surface through convection currents of heated and cooled gas. The outer
layers of the Sun include the photosphere, chromosphere, transition area, and corona. The
corona is the outermost layer of the Sun’s atmosphere and is visible during a total solar
eclipse.
Bing AI provides information about the transition zone, which is covered in one of the
diagrams of C15. It also provides information about the Corona and its presence during a
total solar eclipse.
e. Are the genAI answers correct? Is one more correct than the other?
/2
Both the genAI answers are correct and there is not a clear answer on which one is more
correct. Both include information that the other leaves out. For example, ChatGPT
provides information on the Sun's core temperature, how nuclear fusion works inside the
Sun, and also the atmosphere of the Sun. However, Bing AI includes the transition zone, a
key area between the Corona and the Chromosphere. This AI also explains what the
Corona is and that it is visible during a total solar eclipse.
f. Connect the material provided by each genAI to the material provided in class. Use
specific references to the class slides (e.g., this material can be found in Chapter 3.2,3.3,
slide 4). Also include a discussion of how the AI responses relate to the class material.
(Hint: if there are fewer than five connections and/or there isn’t much to discuss you
should choose a different topic or prompt as this part is worth 6 marks.)
/6
ChatGPT
The Sun's structure consists of several layers, primarily divided into the inner and outer
zones
(C15, slide 7,8)
. The inner core, at about 15 million degrees Celsius, is the fusion
powerhouse where hydrogen atoms fuse into helium
(C15, slide 12)
, releasing immense
energy. Surrounding the core is the radiative zone
(C15, slide 7,8)
, where energy generated
in the core slowly radiates outward through photon interactions. Above this lies the
convective zone
(C15, slide 7,8)
, characterized by convective currents carrying heat to the
Sun's surface. Finally, the outermost layer, the photosphere
(C15, slide 7,8)
, emits light and
heat into space. The Sun's atmosphere comprises the chromosphere and the corona
(C15,
slide 7,8)
, extending millions of kilometers into space.
ChatGPT Discussion
Most of the summary that ChatGPT creates can be connected back to material provided in
class. The information about the inner and outer zones that make up the Sun’s layers is in
slides 7 and 8 of C15. These same exact slides include more information that ChatGPT
provides, such as radiation zone, convection zone, photosphere, chromosphere, and the
corona. Another key piece of information is also the fusion of hydrogen atoms into helium
atoms, which is covered in slide 12 of C15.
Bing AI
The Sun is a star that is at the center of our solar system. It is composed of several layers,
with the innermost layer being the core
(C15, slide 7,8)
, where nuclear fusion occurs
(C15,
slide 12)
and energy is produced. The radiative zone is the next layer
(C15, slide 7,8)
,
where energy moves slowly outward. The convection zone is the outermost layer of the
Sun’s interior
(C15, slide 7,8)
, where energy continues to move toward the surface through
convection currents of heated and cooled gas. The outer layers of the Sun include the
photosphere, chromosphere, transition area, and corona
(C15, slide 7,8)
. The corona is the
outermost layer of the Sun’s atmosphere and is visible during a total solar eclipse.
Bing AI Discussion
Bing AI produces information similar to ChatGPT. It explains the core, radiative zone,
convection zone, photosphere, chromosphere, transition zone, and corona. These are all
covered in slides 7 and 8 of C15. Like ChatGPT, it also explains that the core is where fusion
occurs and energy is released. This is covered in slide 12 of C15.
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