Final Exam Study Guide: Cosmic Origins and Life Potential

Course 2210 Fall 2023 08/21-12/11 PHYS_1302 22129:Heather Sartain - Fully Online Test FINAL EXAM - CH 26-28 Attempt Score Grade not available. Time Elapsed 43 minutes out of 2 hours and 30 minutes Instructions You may utilize the lecture slides, videos and textbook to answer the question set for this exam. Once you begin the test, you will have 2.5 hours to complete. You may pause/suspend the time clock on the exam if you need. If you have technical difficulty, you may attempt the exam again. Results Displayed All Answers, Submitted Answers, Correct Answers, Feedback, Incorrectly Answered Questions  Question 1 2 out of 2 points When the microwave background radiation was emitted, about how big was the universe? Selected Answer: 1/1,000 its currents size Answers: smaller than the head of a pin 1/1,000 its currents size 1/100,000 its current size 1/100 its current size 1/1,000,000 its current size  Question 2 2 out of 2 points What was there just after the Big Bang? Selected Answer: the primeval fireball Answers: a black hole nothing

everything was inside Earth the primeval fireball a singularity  Question 3 2 out of 2 points Why do we feel type O and B stars are poor candidates for extraterrestrial life? Selected Answer: Their lifetime is too short. Answers: They do not have a habitable Zone. Their habitable zone lies too close to the star. Their lifetime is too short. They don't produce enough yellow light. They don't produce a planetary system.  Question 4 2 out of 2 points When an electron is formed from a gamma-ray collision, a positron is also made. Selected Answer: True Answers: True False  Question 5 2 out of 2 points Which of the following appears most favored by natural selection? Selected Answer:

intelligence Answers: binocular vision bipedal locomotion intelligence live birth opposable thumbs  Question 6 2 out of 2 points Which of these radio waves would fall in the "water hole"? Selected Answer: 19 cm wavelength Answers: 150 cm wavelength 6.563 cm wavelength 15,000 cm wavelength 243 cm wavelength 19 cm wavelength  Question 7 2 out of 2 points Which of these technological advances would make it harder for extraterrestrial life to find us? Selected Answer: cable TV Answers: FM radio cable TV geosynchronous satellites the Global Positioning Satellite Network

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color television  Question 8 2 out of 2 points What was detected on Halley's Comet and observed on Hale-Bopp that implied the possibility of life on Earth originating in space? Selected Answer: organic material Answers: DNA nucleotide bases ammonia organic material amino acids  Question 9 2 out of 2 points Which of these could be considered as "hot dark matter"? Selected Answer: neutrinos Answers: weakly interacting magnetic particles (WIMPS) deuterium neutrinos dust close to H II regions dark energy  Question 10 2 out of 2 points Which of these orderings of the epochs is correct?

Selected Answer: nuclear, quark, galactic Answers: atomic, nuclear, stellar nuclear, quark, galactic galactic, stellar, atomic Planck, lepton, quark nuclear, lepton, quark  Question 11 2 out of 2 points Pair production is how a proton and electron are formed together from two photons, with neutrinos also given off. Selected Answer: False Answers: True False  Question 12 2 out of 2 points The nuclear epoch occurred during the formation of: Selected Answer: deuterium and helium. Answers: deuterium and helium. dark energy. all known elements. only protons and neutrons. all elements up to iron.

 Question 13 2 out of 2 points The universal accelerating force could NOT be considered: Selected Answer: dark matter. Answers: dark energy. Einstein's cosmological constant. dark matter. antigravity. vacuum pressure.  Question 14 2 out of 2 points If the presently accepted value of Ω o = 0.3 (excluding dark energy) is indeed correct, then the universe will: Selected Answer: expand forever. Answers: expand forever. stop expanding in about forty billion years, to collapse into the next cosmic cycle. gradually slow to a stop. Two of the answers are correct. All of the above are correct.  Question 15 2 out of 2 points What important molecules of life did Miller and Urey brew up? Selected Answer: amino acids

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Answers: RNA fatty acids lean acids antacids amino acids  Question 16 2 out of 2 points Organic molecules are: Selected Answer: carbon-based. Answers: not found outside our solar system. silicon-based. carbon-based. living cells. found only on Earth.  Question 17 2 out of 2 points Considering both longevity and luminosity, which of these stars would be the most likely candidate for seeking extraterrestrial intelligence? Selected Answer: 61 Cygni, a K2 main sequence star Answers: 61 Cygni, a K2 main sequence star Antares, a M3 supergiant Spica, a B3 main sequence star Barnard's star, a M5 dwarf Sirius B, a white dwarf

 Question 18 2 out of 2 points There is observational evidence that supports the theoretical conditions of the universe. The farthest back in the history of the universe this evidence goes is: Selected Answer: the Recombination Epoch. Answers: the end of the Radiation Era. the Recombination Epoch. the moment of the Big Bang. the end of the Planck epoch. the beginning of GUT.  Question 19 2 out of 2 points Life emerged on Earth about a billion years after the solar system formed. Selected Answer: True Answers: True False  Question 20 2 out of 2 points What did the cosmic microwave background tell cosmologists about the early universe? Selected Answer: the horizon problem, in that the microwave background is almost too isotropic Answers: The dark matter in the universe is mostly baryonic in nature, for a closed Big Bang.

Nothing; it is a product of the black hole in the center of our own Galaxy. the discovery of relativistic redshifts and the Big Bang the horizon problem, in that the microwave background is almost too isotropic the discovery of dark energy and its role in accelerating the universe  Question 21 2 out of 2 points The collision of two gamma rays can result in a single particle. Selected Answer: False Answers: True False  Question 22 2 out of 2 points The crossover point from radiation to matter domination occurred: Selected Answer: about 50,000 years after the Big Bang, at a temperature of about 16,000 K. Answers: with the emission of the cosmic background radiation. when the strong force separated from the other two forces. with the creation of neutrons and protons, at about 10 13 K. with the creation of electrons and positrons at about 6 × 10 9 K. about 50,000 years after the Big Bang, at a temperature of about 16,000 K.  Question 23

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2 out of 2 points In the critical density universe now proposed, the ratio of dark energy to matter is about: Selected Answer: 3 to 1. Answers: 3 to 1. 1 to 100. 10 to 1. 1 to 5. 1 to 1.  Question 24 2 out of 2 points The critical temperature for nucleosynthesis to begin was the: Selected Answer: deuterium bottleneck at about 900 million K. Answers: formation of lithium at 50 million K. proton-proton cycle at 10 million K. triple alpha reaction at 100 million K. iron production at 10 billion K. deuterium bottleneck at about 900 million K.  Question 25 2 out of 2 points Life is thought to be unlikely in subsurface oceans, such as those in Europa, because sunlight does not reach these oceans. Selected Answer: False Answers: True

False  Question 26 2 out of 2 points How does the energy of the cosmic microwave background compare to the energy radiated by all the stars and galaxies that ever existed? Selected Answer: About ten times more from the Big Bang than from stars and galaxies. Answers: 73% cosmic background, 27% starlight. About ten times more from the Big Bang than from stars and galaxies. We have no way of comparing matter and energy this way. The starlight now dominates the background, as your eyes show clearly. They are very close to being equal.  Question 27 2 out of 2 points Europa is the most promising of the bodies in the outer solar system for life in its salty seas. Selected Answer: True Answers: True False  Question 28 2 out of 2 points How hot was the universe at time zero?

Selected Answer: We have no theory capable to addressing this question. Answers: 10 32 K 5, 800 K 2.73 K 16, 000 K We have no theory capable to addressing this question.  Question 29 2 out of 2 points The quark epoch is when ________ was/were created. Selected Answer: protons and neutrons that still survive Answers: protons and neutrons that still survive all known matter only dark energy everything in normal atoms the rapid inflation of the cosmos  Question 30 2 out of 2 points The radio signals from Earth are greater than from the Sun. Selected Answer: True Answers: True False  Question 31

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2 out of 2 points If the material for life were introduced from space after the Earth formed, a major carrier would have been: Selected Answer: comet impacts. Answers: comet impacts. tektites from the Moon. iron meteorites. encounters with other solar systems. the solar wind.  Question 32 2 out of 2 points An infinite universe is one of the assumptions of the cosmological principle. Selected Answer: False Answers: True False  Question 33 2 out of 2 points The horizon problem relates to the isotropy of the microwave background radiation. Selected Answer: True Answers: True False

 Question 34 2 out of 2 points How long between the evolution of single versus multicellular organisms? Selected Answer: 2.5 billion years Answers: 63 million years 2.5 billion years one billion years 600 million years 4.5 billion years  Question 35 2 out of 2 points In an open universe two parallel beams of light will: Selected Answer: diverge. Answers: circle back on themselves. diverge. continue on forever. remain parallel. converge.  Question 36 2 out of 2 points The "flatness" problem arises because the curvature of space seems remarkably close to: Selected Answer: exactly one. Answers: zero curvature, favoring a spherical cosmos.

.5, suggesting we are split between open and closed universes. infinity, suggesting an open universe is the only possible cosmology. exactly one. 2.73 K, in spite of the eddies and turbulence that led to galaxy formation.  Question 37 2 out of 2 points Before the Planck time of 10 -43 seconds, the Big Bang must be treated as a singularity, with even general relativity yielding no information about it. Selected Answer: True Answers: True False  Question 38 2 out of 2 points Including all energy and mass, both dark and traditional, we seem to live now in a matter dominated universe, since the observed matter density exceeds the observed energy density. Selected Answer: False Answers: True False  Question 39 2 out of 2 points

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An F-type star would have a larger habitable zone than does our Sun. Selected Answer: True Answers: True False  Question 40 2 out of 2 points The cosmic microwave background is the total of all the radio emissions from all the galaxies and quasars in the universe. Selected Answer: False Answers: True False  Question 41 2 out of 2 points Assuming the conditions ripe for life and intelligence abound in the Galaxy, what factor limits the number of galactic civilizations? Selected Answer: the average survival time of the civilizations Answers: the average survival time of the civilizations the expansion of the Universe the lack of metals for technology the speed of technological development the number of supernova explosions  Question 42

2 out of 2 points The first probe carrying humanity's message to alien civilizations was: Selected Answer: Pioneer 10 . Answers: Mariner 4 . Voyager I . New Horizons . Pioneer 10 . Sputnik I .  Question 43 2 out of 2 points In a closed universe a beam of light will: Selected Answer: come back to where it originated. Answers: come back to where it originated. move on a circular path around its origin. reflect off the edge of the universe and come back. go on some strange path, never to return. continue on forever.  Question 44 2 out of 2 points Deuterium and helium could be made only during the nuclear epoch. Selected Answer: False Answers: True

False  Question 45 2 out of 2 points The cosmological redshift is actually not a velocity at all, but a measure of the expansion of space-time. Selected Answer: True Answers: True False  Question 46 2 out of 2 points The Big Bang was an explosion, similar to a hydrogen bomb, but on a much larger scale. Selected Answer: False Answers: True False  Question 47 2 out of 2 points We now know that photosynthesis is not the only energy mechanism that life can use to supply it with energy. Selected Answer: True Answers:

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True False  Question 48 2 out of 2 points What do Viking , Pathfinder , and the two Mars Rovers have in common? Selected Answer: They all were designed to investigate Mars' potential for life. Answers: They all are still transmitting data from Mars to Earth. They all could move over the surface of Mars to examine the rocks. They all proved Mars was too inhospitable for life to have ever existed there. They all found proof of life on Mars. They all were designed to investigate Mars' potential for life.  Question 49 2 out of 2 points Organic molecules can only be made by living things. Selected Answer: False Answers: True False  Question 50 2 out of 2 points The sky is dark at night: Selected Answer:

because all the light from all the objects in the universe hasn't arrived here yet. Answers: because there are far fewer stars on the night side of Earth. because the stars in the Milky Way are far away. because the quasars are too far away from Earth for their light to have arrived here. because all the light from all the objects in the universe hasn't arrived here yet. because the Sun is on the other side of Earth.

PHYS 1302 FINAL

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