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Astronomy
Date
Jan 9, 2024
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ASTR 1010 FALL 2023: PRACTICE PROBLEMS FOR QUIZ #6
1. What is the name of the fi
rst rover on Mars?
a) Viking 1.
b) Soujourner.
c) Venera 7.
d) Mariner 10.
e) Lowell.
2. Which of the following features are only rarely seen on the surface of the
Moon?
a) Craters.
b) Hardened lava fl
ows.
c) Volcanic mountains.
d) Material ejected by a collision.
e) Rilles.
3. The large dark spots one can see on the face of the Moon without a
telescope are:
a) very cratered, compared to the rest of the Moon.
b) very mountainous, compared to the rest of the Moon.
c) smooth lava fl
ows.
d) composed of the oldest known rocks in the solar system.
e) about the diameter of the Earth.
4. What is the evidence that Phoebe, one of the moons of Saturn, was
gravitationally captured, rather than formed with Saturn?
a) is is too hot to have formed with Saturn.
b) it has the same composition as Jupiter.
c) it has the same composition as Earth.
d) it has a retrograde orbit.
e) is is very large for a moons: larger than Pluto.
5. Which of the following has the FEWEST large volcanic mountains?
a) The Moon.
b) Venus.
c) Earth.
d) Mars.
e) They all have the same amount.
6. Which of the following geological features are found on the surface of
Mars, but NOT on Venus?
a) Extinct volcanoes.
b) Large-scale hardened lava fl
ows.
c) Craters.
d) Dry river beds.
e) Liquid water oceans.
7. Observations of Venus in visible light using the Hubble Space Telescope
reveal:
a) A very cratered rocky surface.
b) A dark, smooth surface with few mountain ranges.
c) Polar ice caps and evidence of huge dust storms.
d) A completely cloud-shrouded planet.
e) Extremely large volcanic mountains.
8. The light-colored polar caps on Mars are most likely made up of:
a) Sulfur dioxide, and other sulfur compounds.
b) Volcanic out
fl
ow of light-colored lava and dust.
c) Water and carbon dioxide ices.
d) Light-colored dust, blown there by intense dust storms.
e) Organic molecules.
9. The Soujourner Rover:
a) Discovered bacteria in rocks on Mars.
b) Explored the surface of Venus for about 3 months.
c) Was the fi
rst rover on Mars.
d) Was the fi
rst spacecraft to send back pictures of Mars.
e) Reached Mars in 1976.
10. Which of the following objects is most likely to have a liquid water
ocean under its surface?
a) Venus.
b) Io.
c) Europa.
d) Callisto.
e) Phobos.
11. According to most scientists, the Moon probably formed:
a) from a collision of a large planetesimal with the Earth.
b) from the Earth cracking and breaking apart into two pieces.
c) elsewhere in the solar system, and was gravitationally captured.
d) simultaneously with the Earth, as a "double planet".
e) there is no evidence for any of the above scenarios.
12. Which planets or moons show evidence of water erosion?
a) Earth and the Moon.
b) Earth and Venus.
c) Earth and Mars.
d) Venus, Earth, and Mars.
e) All of the terrestrial planets.
13. Which of the following moons has the youngest surface?
a) Phobos.
b) Callisto.
c) Ganymede.
d) Europa.
e) Io.
14. The surface of Io has many:
a) tall volcanic mountains.
b) craters.
c) cracks in the ice.
d) lava fl
ows.
e) dry river beds.
15. On the Moon, the maria are mostly only seen on the:
a) highlands.
b) far side.
c) dark side.
d) southern hemisphere.
e) near side.
16. The long cli
ff
-like structures seen on Mercury are called:
a) scarfs.
b) scarps.
c) blu
ff
s.
d) bi
ff
s.
e) oscars.
17. Which of the following is true about Venus?
a) The Viking spacecraft landed there.
b) The Sojourner rover explored its surface.
c) It is covered with frost made in part of dry ice.
d) It has thick clouds made mainly of sulfuric acid.
e) It has thick clouds made mainly of H
2
O.
18. Which planet or moon did the Venera spacecraft visit?
a) Mercury.
b) Venus.
c) The Moon.
d) Mars.
e) Jupiter.
19. On which planet or moon are large (possibly) extinct volcanoes found,
with large-scale lava fl
ows?
a) Mercury.
b) Venus.
c) The Moon.
d) Mars.
e) Mars and Venus.
20. Which of the following planets has the oldest surface?
a) Mercury.
b) Venus.
c) Mars.
d) Earth.
e) They all have the same age.
21. Which planet(s) have polar ice caps?
a) Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars.
b) Venus and Earth.
c) Earth and Mars.
d) Mercury and Earth.
e) Only Earth.
22. On which planet or moon is the Valles Marineris?
a) Mercury.
b) Venus.
c) The Moon.
d) Mars.
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e) Phobos.
23. The appearance of Io best resembles:
a) A pizza.
b) A golf ball.
c) A quilt.
d) A cueball.
e) Humpty Dumpty.
24. Which of the following rovers drove the furthest on the surface of Mars
so far?
a) Soujourner.
b) Viking 1.
c) Viking 2.
d) Opportunity.
e) Venera.
25. One of the goals of the Messenger mission was to:
a) obtain close-up pictures of Mercury.
b) bring back soil and rocks from Mars.
c) use radar to test whether Europa has liquid water under the icy surface.
d) investigate the magnetic fi
eld of Jupiter.
e) take close-up pictures of Pluto.
26. Jupiter's two main chemical constituents are:
a) H
2
and He.
b) H
2
and C.
c) N
2
and O
2
.
d) CH
4
and NH
3
.
e) CO
2
and H
2
SO
4
.
27. Our best views of the surface of Mercury were obtained:
a) By the Magellan spacecraft, using radar mapping.
b) By the Galileo spacecraft.
c) By the Voyager 2 spacecraft.
d) By the Mariner 10 and Messenger spacecraft.
e) By the Hubble Space Telescope.
28. Phobos is:
a) spherical.
b) a dwarf planet, according to the new de
fi
nition from the IAU.
c) a moon of Venus.
d) a moon of Jupiter.
e) very cratered.
29. The core of Venus is likely made of:
a) liquid metallic hydrogen.
b) water.
c) iron.
d) aluminum.
e) rock.
30. Which of the following spacecraft is/are currently orbiting Mars and
sending back data?
a) The Magellan spacecraft.
b) The Galileo spacecraft.
c) The Messenger spacecraft.
d) The 2001 Mars Odyssey, Mars Express, ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter, the Mars
Reconnaisance Orbiter, the MAVEN satellite, and the Mars Orbiter Mission
(Mangalyaan).
e) The Viking spacecraft.
31. The highlands on the Moon:
a) are darker in color than the maria.
b) are more cratered than the maria.
c) are younger than the maria.
d) were caused by plate tectonics.
e) were caused by hot spot volcanism.
32. The Moon rocks brought back to Earth by the Apollo astronauts:
a) are between one million and 500 million years old.
b) are between 2 and 3 billion years old.
c) are between 3.1 and 4.4 billion years old.
d) are about 10 billion years old.
e) are the oldest rocks known in the solar system.
33. The Moon has many more craters than the Earth. This is because:
a) The Moon protected the Earth from impacts: most of the large objects hit the
moon rather than the Earth.
b) The Earth's atmosphere stopped all the potentially damaging objects.
c) The Moon was much more volcanic than the Earth in the past, and these
volcanoes caused the craters on the Moon.
d) Plate tectonics has returned cratered surface layers to the Earth's interior and
weathering has obliterated more recent craters on the Earth.
e) Sheer luck: just by chance the Earth hasn't been hit by as many objects as the
Moon.
34. Which planets have liquid metallic hydrogen in their interiors?
a) Only Jupiter.
b) Jupiter and Saturn only.
c) Neptune and Uranus only.
d) All of the Jovian planets.
e) Only the Earth and Venus.
35. The Jovian planets:
a) are gaseous throughout.
b) are mainly liquid, with thick atmospheres and a rock core.
c) do not have solid cores: they are only liquid and gas.
d) are mostly solid, with a thick atmosphere but little liquid.
e) they are 99 percent gaseous, with a small rocky core.
36. The Great Red Spot:
a) Was seen by Galileo.
b) Is a giant storm in the atmosphere of Jupiter.
c) Is twice the diameter of the Earth.
d) Has lasted hundreds of years.
e) All of the above.
37. Which of the following objects has the highest density?
a) The Moon.
b) Callisto.
c) Earth.
d) Ganymede.
e) Pluto.
38. Which of the following objects has an atmosphere which is mainly
nitrogen and methane?
a) Io.
b) Callisto.
c) Europa.
d) Ganymede.
e) Titan.
39. Which of the following spacecraft visited Mercury?
a) Global Surveyor.
b) Cassini.
c) Voyager 2.
d) Galileo.
e) Messenger.
40. Neptune is blue because:
a) it is covered with a thick layer of ice.
b) it has thick clouds of sulfuric acid, which appear blue.
c) it has a lot of ammonia in its atmosphere, which absorbs red light and scatters
blue light.
d) it has a lot of methane in its atmosphere, which absorbs red light and scatters
blue light.
e) scientists have no idea why Neptune is blue.
41. The Great Dark Spot is:
a) a giant storm in the atmosphere of Jupiter.
b) a giant storm in the atmosphere of Neptune.
c) a giant impact crater on Callisto.
d) a giant impact crater on Mercury.
e) a giant impact crater on the Moon.
42. The large circular cracks seen on the surface of Venus are called:
a) scarps.
b) corona.
c) rilles.
d) maria.
e) belts.
43. Which of the following moons has the fewest craters?
a) Phobos.
b) Callisto.
c) Europa.
d) Ganymede.
e) Io.
44. On which of the following objects have we landed spacecraft, but NOT
explored via a rover?
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a) The Moon.
b) Mercury.
c) Venus.
d) Mars.
e) Europa.
45. Which process contributes the most to making Io volcanic?
a) Heat left over from its formation is seeping up from the center.
b) Meteoroids hitting Io crack the surface, causing liquid to fl
ow onto the surface.
c) Tidal forces from Jupiter and Europa heat its interior.
d) Tidal forces from Saturn heat its interior.
e) Scientists have no idea why Io is volcanic.
46. The term 'the belts and zones of Jupiter' refers to:
a) the faint dark rings orbiting Jupiter which were discovered by the Voyager
spacecraft.
b) the asteroids orbiting the Sun in the orbit of Jupiter.
c) the stripes on Jupiter.
d) the liquid layers inside of Jupiter.
e) the closest distance a moon can get to Jupiter, before being torn apart by tidal
forces.
47. The tallest mountain in the solar system is on:
a) Mercury.
b) Venus.
c) Earth.
d) Mars.
e) Io.
48. The appearance of Europa best resembles:
a) A pizza.
b) A cue ball.
c) Callisto.
d) The Moon.
e) Mars.
49. The magnetic fi
eld of Jupiter is caused by:
a) The solid inner core of Jupiter, which is a strong magnet.
b) the rotation of Jupiter creating an electric current in the liquid iron outer core of
Jupiter.
c) the rotation of Jupiter creating an electric current in the liquid water interior of
Jupiter.
d) the rotation of Jupiter creating an electric current in the liquid metallic
hydrogen layer in Jupiter.
e) Jupiter does not have a magnetic fi
eld.
50. What is the name of the rover currently operating on Mars?
a) Viking 2.
b) Venera 2.
c) Curiosity.
d) Messenger.
e) Sojourner.
51. Which of the following is NOT a consequence of plate tectonics?
a) The maria on the Moon.
b) The large trench on the western coast of South America.
c) The Mid-Atlantic Ridge.
d) The lack of craters on the Earth's surface.
e) The Himalayan mountains.
52. A Jovian planet is one that resembles:
a) Earth.
b) Jupiter.
c) The Galilean Moons.
d) Pluto.
e) An asteroid.
53. Caloris Basin is:
a) A gigantic impact basin on Venus.
b) A gigantic crack in the surface of Mars.
c) A huge impact basin on Mercury.
d) A very prominent crater on the Moon.
e) A very large depression on Venus.
54. Which of the following spacecraft landed on Mars?
a) Messenger.
b) Venera.
c) Viking.
d) Voyager.
e) New Horizons.
55. Where is Olympus Mons?
a) On Mercury.
b) On Venus.
c) On Mars.
d) On Miranda.
e) On Callisto.
56. Pancake domes are found:
a) On Mercury.
b) On Venus.
c) On Mars.
d) On Ganymede.
e) On Europa.
57. Which of the following objects has the youngest surface?
a) Mercury.
b) Venus.
c) Callisto.
d) Phobos.
e) The highlands on the Moon.
58. The rilles on the Moon are:
a) large circular cracks, caused by lava uplifting a dome, and the dome then
collapsing.
b) the lunar equivalent of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, where tectonic plates are moving
apart.
c) the equivalent of subduction zones: two continental plates colliding.
d) channels caused by streams of lava.
e) the very large dark spots that can be seen from Earth without a telescope.
59. What is the name of the large impact crater on Mercury that faces the
Sun (or is directly away from the Sun) when Mercury is at its closest point
to the Sun in its orbit?
a) Cassini Basin.
b) Valhalla.
c) the Great Dark Spot.
d) Corona Basin.
e) Caloris Basin.
60. Based on computer models, astronomers theorize that the interior of
Uranus is:
a) mostly ice.
b) mostly liquid metallic hydrogen.
c) largely liquid, with a rocky core and a thick atmosphere.
d) mostly iron and nickel, with a rocky mantle.
e) similar to Earth's.
61. Which of the following scenarios for the formation of the Moon is most
accepted by astronomers?
a) it formed at the same time as the Earth, as a `double planet'.
b) it formed elsewhere in the solar system, and was gravitationally captured.
c) it broke o
ff
from the Earth due to internal stresses.
d) the Earth was hit by a large object, which broke o
ff
a chunk which became the
Moon. The impacting object then left the solar system.
e) the Earth was hit by a large object, which created a disk around the Earth which
then formed into the Moon.
62. The Magellan spacecraft found the following features on the surface of
Venus:
a) an extremely high density of craters, like the highlands on the Moon.
b) an extremely geologically active, volcanic surface, with many on-going eruptions
and molten lava fl
ows.
c) a cracked, icy surface, that may have liquid water under the ice.
d) large (probably) extinct volcanos and large-scale hardened lava fl
ows.
e) huge cracks in the surface, like the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, indicating signi
fi
cant on-
going plate tectonics.
63. Which of the following objects has an thin atmosphere made up of
mostly sulfur dioxide, SO
2
?
a) Europa.
b) Callisto.
c) Io.
d) The Moon.
e) Mars.
64. What is the name of the huge crack in the surface of Mars, 3000 miles
long?
a) Cassini Canyon.
b) Valhalla Chasm.
c) Olympus Valley.
d) Caloris Chasm.
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e) Valles Marineris.
65. Which of the Galilean Moons has the largest density?
a) Io.
b) Europa.
c) Ganymede.
d) Callisto.
e) They all have the same density.
66. Phobos is a moon of:
a) Mars.
b) Jupiter.
c) Saturn.
d) Uranus.
e) Neptune.
67. The `Continent' of Aphrodite is on:
a) Mercury.
b) Venus.
c) Earth.
d) Mars.
e) Jupiter.
68. Which of the following objects has the largest proportion of methane in
its atmosphere?
a) Neptune.
b) Saturn.
c) Jupiter.
d) All of the above have the same proportion of methane.
e) None of the planets or moons have any methane in its atmosphere; all of the
methane in our solar system is frozen solid.
69. Why does the sky look pinkish on Mars?
a) Methane in its atmosphere absorbs blue sunlight.
b) CO
2
in its atmosphere absorbs blue sunlight.
c) Thick sulfuric acid clouds absorb blue sunlight.
d) Iron-rich dust particles are suspended in the atmosphere.
e) The atmosphere is redshifted.
70. The fact that most moons always show their same face to their planets
is:
a) Very surprising and a great mystery.
b) A natural consequence of the fact that the solar system formed out of a fl
attened
spinning disk of gas and dust.
c) Explained by the law of conservation of angular momentum.
d) A natural consequence of tidal forces acting on the moons.
e) A result of the fact that the moons once had atmospheres.
Answers: 1b, 2c, 3c, 4d, 5a, 6d, 7d, 8c, 9c, 10c, 11a, 12c, 13e, 14d, 15e, 16b, 17d,
18b, 19e, 20a, 21c, 22d, 23a, 24d, 25a, 26a, 27d, 28e, 29c, 30d, 31b, 32c, 33d, 34b,
35b, 36e, 37c, 38e, 39e, 40d, 41b, 42b, 43e, 44c, 45c, 46c, 47d, 48b, 49d, 50c, 51a,
52b, 53c, 54c, 55c, 56b, 57b, 58d, 59e, 60c, 61e, 62d, 63c, 64e, 65a, 66a, 67b, 68a,
69d, 70d.